Volcanoes and Igneous Activity – Ch7 | Test Bank 8e

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Foundations of Earth Science, 8e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)

Chapter 7 Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity

7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Which type of basaltic lava flow has a fairly smooth, unfragmented, ropy surface?

A) aa

B) pahoehoe

C) pumice

D) scoria

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption

Focus/Concepts: 7.3

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

2) Decompression melting is responsible for generating magma at ________ plate boundaries.

A) lateral

B) transform

C) divergent

D) convergent

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.11 Origin of Magma

Focus/Concepts: 7.11

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

3) Which of the following lava compositions has the greatest viscosity?

A) ultramafic

B) mafic

C) intermediate

D) felsic

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions

Focus/Concepts: 7.2

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

4) The most violent volcanic activity is associated with ________.

A) the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

B) composite volcanoes

C) cinder cones

D) shield volcanoes

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions

Focus/Concepts: 7.2

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

5) The Columbia Plateau in the northwestern United States is an excellent example of ________.

A) an eroded shield volcano

B) a caldera

C) pyroclastic flow deposits

D) flood basalts

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.9 Other Volcanic Landforms

Focus/Concepts: 7.9

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

6) The eruption at Mount St. Helens is most similar to which volcanic eruption?

A) Tambora, Indonesia

B) Mount Kilauea, Hawaii

C) Mid-Atlantic Ridge

D) Yellowstone National Park

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.1 Mount St. Helens Versus Kilauea

Focus/Concepts: 7.1

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

7) ________ tend to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano by the greatest amount.

A) High viscosity and lots of dissolved gas

B) High viscosity and very low levels of dissolved gas

C) Low viscosity and lots of dissolved gas

D) Low viscosity and very low levels of dissolved gas

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions

Focus/Concepts: 7.2

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

8) Pyroclastic flows primarily contain pumice, vesicular pyroclastic material, and ________.

A) volcanic mudslides called lahars

B) a cloud of low-density hot expanding gases

C) low viscosity lava flows

D) ultramafic rock debris

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.8 Volcanic Hazards

Focus/Concepts: 7.8

ESLI: 8.1 Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

9) Magma tends to rise toward Earth's surface principally because ________.

A) water is an abundant constituent of magma

B) silica increases the viscosity of the magma

C) rocks become less dense when they melt

D) of convection in the mantle

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions

Focus/Concepts: 7.2

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

10) A concentration of heat in the mantle capable of producing magma is called a ________.

A) magma melt

B) plume

C) hot spot

D) basalt spout

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanism

Focus/Concepts: 7.12

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

11) If you want to melt a rock, even partially, there are three methods you can employ. Which of the following is not a way that melting is triggered in rocks in the Earth?

A) adding heat

B) releasing pressure

C) adding water

D) removing water

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.11 Origin of Magma

Focus/Concepts: 7.11

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

12) Which one of the following shows the correct order (from left to right) of decreasing magma viscosity? (Remember that viscosity is resistance to flow, so you should pick the answer that has the most viscous lava type on the left, and the least viscous [most runny] on the right.)

A) rhyolite, andesite, basalt

B) andesite, rhyolite, basalt

C) basalt, andesite, rhyolite

D) andesite, basalt, rhyolite

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions

Focus/Concepts: 7.2

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

13) Subducting oceanic crust underneath oceanic crust will produce ________.

A) hot-spot volcanic islands

B) volcanic island arcs

C) continental volcanic arcs

D) mid-ocean ridge

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanism

Focus/Concepts: 7.12

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

14) An igneous body injected between sedimentary strata that arches the bedrock above while the bottom layers remain relatively flat is called a ________.

A) batholith

B) laccolith

C) dike

D) sill

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.10 Intrusive Igneous Activity

Focus/Concepts: 7.10

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

15) The volcanic activity in Yellowstone National Park is caused by ________.

A) subduction

B) a divergent plate boundary

C) intraplate volcanism

D) a transform plate boundary

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.9 Other Volcanic Landforms

Focus/Concepts: 7.9

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

16) How does the East African Rift relate to plate tectonics?

A) The rift lies on an oceanic spreading center where two plates are diverging.

B) The rift lies on a continental rift where two plates are diverging.

C) The rift lies on a subduction zone where two plates are converging.

D) The rift lies on a continent with a hot spot below it.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanism

Focus/Concepts: 7.12

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

17) ________ are discordant bodies that form when magma is forcibly injected into fractures that cut across bedding surfaces and other structures.

A) Batholiths

B) Sills

C) Necks

D) Dikes

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.10 Intrusive Igneous Activity

Focus/Concepts: 7.10

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

18) ________ are nearly horizontal, concordant bodies that form when magma exploits weaknesses between sedimentary beds or other structures.

A) Batholiths

B) Sills

C) Necks

D) Dikes

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.10 Intrusive Igneous Activity

Focus/Concepts: 7.10

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

19) How do calderas form?

A) collapse of a partially emptied magma chamber

B) explosive eruption carving out a big hole in the ground

C) impact of a meteorite

D) erosion by lava flows

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.9 Other Volcanic Landforms

Focus/Concepts: 7.9

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

20) Gases like water vapor or carbon dioxide that get released from lava or magma are referred to as ________.

A) aa

B) volatiles

C) pumice

D) scoria

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption

Focus/Concepts: 7.3

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

21) ________ is a type of basaltic lava flow that has its surface covered with sharp-edged, angular blocks and rubble.

A) Aa

B) Tephra

C) Pahoehoe

D) Pillow lava

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption

Focus/Concepts: 7.3

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

22) ________ is a type of volcanic mudflow.

A) Lahar

B) A pyroclastic flow

C) Lava flows

D) Tephra

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.8 Volcanic Hazards

Focus/Concepts: 7.8

ESLI: 8.1 Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

23) Another term for preexisting crustal rocks is ________.

A) laccolith

B) batholith

C) pluton

D) host rock

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.10 Intrusive Igneous Activity

Focus/Concepts: 7.10

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

24) Composite volcanoes are also known as ________.

A) shield volcanoes

B) stratovolcanoes

C) cinder cones

D) hot spots

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.7 Composite Volcanoes

Focus/Concepts: 7.7

ESLI: 4.3 Earth's interior is in constant motion through the process of convection, with important consequences for the surface.

25) To be classified as a batholith a plutonic body must have surface exposure greater than ________ square kilometers.

A) 45

B) 50

C) 80

D) 100

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.10 Intrusive Igneous Activity

Focus/Concepts: 7.10

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

26) Which of the following is another term for submarine volcano?

A) seamount

B) cinder cone

C) composite volcano

D) pluton

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.5 Shield Volcanoes

Focus/Concepts: 7.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

27) ________ are pyroclastic materials that are larger than ash, but smaller than blocks or bombs.

A) Pumice

B) Scoria

C) Lapilli

D) Pillow lavas

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption

Focus/Concepts: 7.3

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

28) When mantle peridotite partially melts beneath an oceanic ridge, ________ magma is produced.

A) andesitic or intermediate

B) basaltic or mafic

C) rhyolitic or felsic

D) granitic or felsic

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.11 Origin of Magma

Focus/Concepts: 7.11

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

29) Pyroclastic flows can exceed speeds of ________ kilometers per hour.

A) 100

B) 80

C) 65

D) 40

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.8 Volcanic Hazards

Focus/Concepts: 7.8

ESLI: 8.1 Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

30) A horizontal conduit that allows lava to flow from a volcanic vent is called a ________.

A) sill

B) dike

C) pillow lava

D) lava tube

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption

Focus/Concepts: 7.3

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

31) ________ are pyroclastic materials ejected from volcanoes that are larger than 64 mm (2.5 inches) in diameter.

A) Volcanic ash

B) Lapilli

C) Volcanic bombs

D) Pillow lavas

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption

Focus/Concepts: 7.3

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

32) Most magma is generated in Earth's upper mantle by ________ of solid rock.

A) decompression melting

B) partial melting

C) diffusion

D) crystallizing

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions

Focus/Concepts: 7.2

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

33) ________ is another name for pyroclastic materials.

A) Fumarole

B) Volatiles

C) Tephra

D) Caldera

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption

Focus/Concepts: 7.3

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

34) Shield volcanoes like Mauna Loa mostly comprise ________.

A) granitic lava flows

B) intermediate lava flows

C) rhyolitic lava flows

D) basaltic lava flows

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.5 Shield Volcanoes

Focus/Concepts: 7.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

35) Kilauea's volcanic activity has occurred along the flanks of the volcano in a region called the ________, which has erupted continuously since 1983.

A) East Rift Zone

B) West Rift Zone

C) North Rift Zone

D) South Rift Zone

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.5 Shield Volcanoes

Focus/Concepts: 7.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

36) Most lava flowing from a cinder cone volcano spills from the ________.

A) open crater

B) unconsolidated base of the cone

C) collapsed magma chamber

D) lava tube

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.6 Cinder Cones

Focus/Concepts: 7.6

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

37) ________ is an eruption in which lava is extruded from narrow fractures in the crust.

A) Fissure eruption

B) Nuée ardente

C) Lahar

D) Pyroclastic flow

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.9 Other Volcanic Landforms

Focus/Concepts: 7.9

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

38) Which of the following is an example of intraplate volcanism?

A) Mount St. Helens

B) Deccan Traps

C) East African Rift system

D) Iceland

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanism

Focus/Concepts: 7.12

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

39) The greatest volume of magma is produced at ________.

A) transform plate boundaries

B) hot spots

C) convergent plate boundaries

D) divergent plate boundaries

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanism

Focus/Concepts: 7.12

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

40) Most volcanoes along the Ring of Fire are made from ________.

A) subducting ocean crust

B) subducting continental crust

C) hot-spot volcanism

D) decompression melting

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanism

Focus/Concepts: 7.12

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

41) ________ is a vesicular rock with an andesitic or rhyolitic composition.

A) Scoria

B) Pumice

C) Obsidian

D) Granite

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption

Focus/Concepts: 7.3

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

7.2 Matching Questions

Match the following items with the correct descriptions.

A) cone-shaped structure built by successive eruptions of lava and/or pyroclastic material

B) large depression caused by a collapse of the summit area of a volcano

C) a crack in rock along which there is a distinct separation

D) vents in a volcanic area from which gases may escape

E) a conduit that connects a magma chamber to a volcanic crater

F) pipelike opening through which magma moves toward Earth's surface

G) volcanic cone that forms on the flank of a larger volcano

H) funnel-shaped depression at summit of volcano

1) fissure

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.4 Anatomy of a Volcano

Focus/Concepts: 7.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

2) caldera

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.4 Anatomy of a Volcano

Focus/Concepts: 7.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

3) crater

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.4 Anatomy of a Volcano

Focus/Concepts: 7.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

4) vent

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.4 Anatomy of a Volcano

Focus/Concepts: 7.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

5) conduit

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.4 Anatomy of a Volcano

Focus/Concepts: 7.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

6) volcanic cone (stratovolcano or composite cone)

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.4 Anatomy of a Volcano

Focus/Concepts: 7.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

7) fumarole

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.4 Anatomy of a Volcano

Focus/Concepts: 7.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

8) parasitic cone

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.4 Anatomy of a Volcano

Focus/Concepts: 7.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

Answers: 1) C 2) B 3) H 4) E 5) F ) D 7) A 8) G

Match the volcano type with the correct choice. Choices will be used more than once.

A) Composite volcano

B) Shield volcano

C) Cinder cone

9) Mauna Loa

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.5 Shield Volcanoes

Focus/Concepts: 7.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

10) Parícutin

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.6 Cinder Cones

Focus/Concepts: 7.6

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

11) Iceland

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.5 Shield Volcanoes

Focus/Concepts: 7.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

12) Fujiyama

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.7 Composite Volcanoes

Focus/Concepts: 7.7

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

13) Mount Etna

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.7 Composite Volcanoes

Focus/Concepts: 7.7

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

14) S P Crater

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.6 Cinder Cones

Focus/Concepts: 7.6

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

Answers: 9) B 10) C 11) B 12) A 13) A 14) C

Match the following items with the correct description.

A) flows of basaltic lava fed by fissures that commonly cover extensive areas

B) an isolated, steep-sided, erosional remnant consisting of lava that once occupied the vent of a volcano

C) an eruption in which lava is extruded from narrow fractures in the crust

D) large depression caused by collapse of the summit area of a volcano

E) vast accumulation of basaltic lava resulting in a broad plain

15) volcanic necks (plugs)

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.9 Other Volcanic Landforms

Focus/Concepts: 7.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

16) flood basalt

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.9 Other Volcanic Landforms

Focus/Concepts: 7.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

17) basalt plateau

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.9 Other Volcanic Landforms

Focus/Concepts: 7.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

18) fissure eruption

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.9 Other Volcanic Landforms

Focus/Concepts: 7.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

19) caldera

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.9 Other Volcanic Landforms

Focus/Concepts: 7.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

Answers: 15) B 16) A 17) E 18) C 19) D

7.3 Essay Questions

1) Imagine that you have a friend moving to a new area on the North American continent where there is a subduction zone offshore. What sorts of volcanoes would be most likely in this setting? Which volcanic hazards should you warn your friend to be alert for?

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 7.7 Composite Volcanoes

Focus/Concepts: 7.7

ESLI: 8.1 Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

2) Volcanoes are generally not preserved in the geologic rock record as they are eroded away. However, the various materials erupted from volcanoes are often found preserved in the rock record. How could you infer what type of volcano erupted in a given area based on the type of volcanic deposits now found as layers of rock? Give specific examples and briefly discuss if some materials may be linked to different types of volcanoes.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 7.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption

Focus/Concepts: 7.3

ESLI: 2.1 Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history.

3) Discuss the six different tectonic settings in which volcanism can occur, and why magma is produced at each location.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 7.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanism

Focus/Concepts: 7.12

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

4) Pick three of the following volcanic regions and assign each of them to one of the three types of volcanism (convergent plate boundaries, divergent plate boundaries, or intraplate volcanism):

a. Crater Lake

b. Hawaii's Kilauea

c. Mount St. Helens

d. East African Rift

e. Yellowstone

f. Vesuvius

g. Deccan Plateau

h. Iceland

Give a brief explanation of how the volcanoes formed at each of the three locations you select.

a. Crater Lake—composite volcano due to subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath western North America.

b. Hawaii's Kilauea—shield volcano due to hot spot under Pacific Plate.

c. Mount St. Helens—composite volcano due to subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate beneath western North America.

d. East African Rift—divergent boundary; continental rift. Kilimanjaro is an example of an off-axis volcano due to decompression melting beneath.

e. Yellowstone—caldera due to hot spot under North American Plate

f. Vesuvius—composite volcano in Italy.

g. Deccan Plateau—flood basalts in India that erupted during the Cretaceous.

h. Iceland—divergent boundary (Mid-Atlantic Ridge).

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 7.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanism

Focus/Concepts: 7.12

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

5) Explain why a rhyolitic lava flow is more viscous than a basaltic lava flow.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 7.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions

Focus/Concepts: 7.2

ESLI: 8.1 Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

6) Explain three ways in which a lahar can form.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 7.8 Volcanic Hazards

Focus/Concepts: 7.8

ESLI: 8.1 Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

7) Discuss the various ways in which volcanic ash and gases interact with the environment and humans during a volcanic eruption.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 7.8 Volcanic Hazards

Focus/Concepts: 7.8

ESLI: 8.1 Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

8) Compare and contrast the major types of calderas.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 7.9 Other Volcanic Landforms

Focus/Concepts: 7.9

ESLI: 4.3 Earth's interior is in constant motion through the process of convection, with important consequences for the surface.

7.4 Visual Questions

1) You are a field geologist, dropped off in a new area. You examine the rocks of this area and find rhyolite, welded tuff, and scattered pumice. All are very young. You begin mapping the area, and soon have a rough sense of the distribution of rock units, as shown here:

Note that the welded tuff varies systematically in its thickness, and that a lake is present near the center of your mapping area. How do you interpret this pattern?

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 7.9 Other Volcanic Landforms

Focus/Concepts: 7.9

ESLI: 2.1 Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history.

2) Olympus Mons is an enormous volcano on Mars. It is the largest volcano in the solar system. Compositionally and structurally, Olympus Mons is most like a shield volcano on Earth, but it is many times larger. Why should Mars produce such a monstrous shield volcano, while Earth isn't capable of producing one that large?

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 7.5 Shield Volcanoes

Focus/Concepts: 7.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

3) Examine the map of the Cascadia subduction zone and explain why an eruption of Mount Rainier would be considerably more destructive than the similar eruption of Mount Mazama, which formed Crater Lake during a massive eruption 7,700 years ago.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 7.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanism

Focus/Concepts: 7.12

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

4) Mauna Loa, a volcano in Hawaii, is an excellent example of a ________.

A) shield volcano

B) cinder cone

C) composite volcano

D) volcanic neck

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.5 Shield Volcanoes

Focus/Concepts: 7.5

ESLI: 4.3 Earth's interior is in constant motion through the process of convection, with important consequences for the surface.

5) Parícutin is an example of a ________.

A) shield volcano

B) cinder cone

C) composite volcano

D) volcanic neck

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.6 Cinder Cones

Focus/Concepts: 7.6

ESLI: 4.3 Earth's interior is in constant motion through the process of convection, with important consequences for the surface.

6) This is a photograph of Augustine volcano in Alaska. Judging by its shape, and the eruptive activity in the photo, what kind of volcano is it?

A) shield volcano

B) cinder cone

C) composite volcano

D) volcanic neck

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.7 Composite Volcanoes

Focus/Concepts: 7.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

7) What caused the many small holes that are seen in this sample of scoria?.

A) impacts by volcanic bombs

B) dissolving away of minerals

C) degassing of volatiles

D) raindrops

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption

Focus/Concepts: 7.3

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

8) Examine the figure and consider a rock under the conditions shown by the black dot labeled "Start here." Explain the different processes that may happen to the rock to cause it to melt. Be sure to refer to the figure with your explanation.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 7.11 Origin of Magma

Focus/Concepts: 7.11

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

9) What igneous feature is shown in this photograph?

A) sill

B) batholith

C) columnar jointing

D) dike

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 7.10 Intrusive Igneous Activity

Focus/Concepts: 7.10

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.