Restless Earth & Structures – Ch6 Test Bank | 8th Ed

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Foundations of Earth Science, 8e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)

Chapter 6 Restless Earth: Earthquakes, Geologic Structures, and Mountain Building

6.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source region, called the ________, the spot in Earth's crust where a fault slips.

A) hypocenter

B) epicenter

C) scarp

D) seismic zone

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.1 What Is an Earthquake?

Focus/Concepts: 6.1

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

2) Where is the epicenter of an earthquake?

A) where the rock on either side of a fault moves

B) on Earth's surface, directly above the hypocenter

C) where the fault meets Earth's surface

D) wherever we find the most damage from the earthquake

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.1 What Is an Earthquake?

Focus/Concepts: 6.1

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

3) Three of the following statements are wrong. One is correct. Which of the following statements is correct?

A) P waves travel through solids; S waves do not.

B) P and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves do not travel through solids.

C) S waves travel through solids, but only P waves travel through liquids.

D) P and S waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not travel through solids.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.2 Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves

Focus/Concepts: 6.2

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

4) Which kind of seismic wave is fastest moving?

A) P waves

B) S waves

C) surface waves

D) Seismic waves all travel at the same speed.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.1 What Is an Earthquake?

Focus/Concepts: 6.1

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

5) Which kind of seismic wave is responsible for the most shaking (and thus, the most damage to human structures)?

A) P waves

B) S waves

C) surface waves

D) scarp waves

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.5 Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 6.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

6) Which one of the following is true of most tsunamis?

A) They are faster than seismic surface waves.

B) Their wave heights decrease and wavelengths increase as they move into shallower water.

C) They are usually started by sudden movement on a megathrust fault, and they have wavelengths that are many kilometers long and wave heights of less than a meter.

D) They only occur in the Pacific Ocean basin.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.5 Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 6.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

7) The largest earthquake ever recorded in North America had a moment magnitude of ________.

A) 6.6

B) 7.0

C) 8.5

D) 9.2

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.5 Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 6.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

8) On a typical seismogram, ________ will show the highest amplitudes.

A) P waves

B) S waves

C) surface waves

D) body waves

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.2 Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves

Focus/Concepts: 6.2

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

9) With regard to earthquakes, what distinguishes intensity from magnitude?

A) Intensity is a measure of how much energy is released by the earthquake, but magnitude is a rough measure of local shaking.

B) Magnitude is a measure of how much energy is released by the earthquake, but intensity is a rough measure of local shaking.

C) Intensity and magnitude both depend on people reporting their experiences.

D) Magnitude cannot be measured from a distance using seismograms.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.4 Determining the Size of an Earthquake

Focus/Concepts: 6.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

10) Approximately how much more energy is released in an earthquake of Richter magnitude 6.5 than in a magnitude 5.5 earthquake?

A) 3.2

B) 32

C) 320

D) 3,200

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.4 Determining the Size of an Earthquake

Focus/Concepts: 6.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

11) The distance between a seismological recording station and the earthquake source is determined from the ________.

A) earthquake magnitude

B) intensity of the earthquake

C) length of the seismic record

D) arrival times of P and S waves

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.3 Where Do Most Earthquakes Occur?

Focus/Concepts: 6.3

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

12) The record of an earthquake obtained from a seismic instrument is a(n) ________.

A) seismograph

B) seismogram

C) P-S graph

D) epitaph

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.2 Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves

Focus/Concepts: 6.2

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

13) The earthquake belt with the greatest level of activity is the ________.

A) San Andreas Fault

B) Alpine-Himalayan Belt

C) East Pacific Rise

D) Circum-Pacific Belt

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.3 Where Do Most Earthquakes Occur?

Focus/Concepts: 6.3

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

14) The phenomenon of transforming a somewhat stable soil into mobile material capable of rising toward Earth's surface is called ________.

A) liquefaction

B) tsunami

C) landslide

D) subsidence

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.5 Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 6.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

15) Our greatest source of knowledge about Earth's interior comes from ________.

A) drill holes

B) deep mine shafts

C) seismic waves

D) volcanic eruptions

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.6 Earth's Interior

Focus/Concepts: 6.6

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

16) Which of the following terms means "weak sphere"?

A) hydrosphere

B) cryosphere

C) asthenosphere

D) lithosphere

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.6 Earth's Interior

Focus/Concepts: 6.6

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

17) Which one of the following statements is true about the crust?

A) It is the thinnest of the major subdivisions.

B) It is thickest of the major subdivisions

C) Continental rocks have the same composition as oceanic rocks.

D) Oceanic crust has an average composition of granite.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.6 Earth's Interior

Focus/Concepts: 6.6

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

18) Earth's core is interpreted to consist mainly of ________.

A) granite

B) basalt

C) iron and nickel

D) mostly solid rock with a small amount of melt due to the temperature-pressure regime

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.6 Earth's Interior

Focus/Concepts: 6.6

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

19) Which of the following is the largest region of the Earth's interior?

A) crust

B) mantle

C) outer core

D) inner core

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.6 Earth's Interior

Focus/Concepts: 6.6

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

20) A(n) ________ is a structure in which the oldest rocks are located in the center.

A) anticline

B) syncline

C) dome

D) basin

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.8 Folds: Structures Formed by Ductile Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.8

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

21) A crustal block bounded by faults whose geologic history is distinct from the histories of adjoining crustal blocks is called a(n) ________.

A) dome

B) orogenic belt

C) continental volcanic arc

D) terrane

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.12 Collisional Mountain Belts

Focus/Concepts: 6.12

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

22) How did the Himalayas form?

A) collision of India and Eurasia (continental-continental collision)

B) spreading of oceanic crust (divergent plate boundary)

C) movement on a strike-slip fault

D) collision and accretion of many small terranes including island arcs and microcontinents (continental-oceanic collision)

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.12 Collisional Mountain Belts

Focus/Concepts: 6.12

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

23) Oceanic crust is primarily composed of ________.

A) obsidian and pumice

B) granite and diorite

C) basalt and gabbro

D) basalt and granite

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.7 Rock Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.7

ESLI: 4.4 Earth's tectonic plates consist of the rocky crust and uppermost mantle, and they move slowly with respect to one another.

24) A ________ is an instrument that is used to record earthquake vibrations.

A) seismograph

B) seismogram

C) triangulator

D) compass

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.2 Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves

Focus/Concepts: 6.2

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

25) A rapidly moving ocean wave generated by an earthquake that is capable of inflicting heavy damage in coastal regions is called a(n) ________.

A) syncline

B) tsunami

C) subsidence

D) anticline

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.5 Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 6.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

26) ________ is when a rock "snaps back" to its original stress-free form after an earthquake.

A) Fault creep

B) Brittle deformation

C) Elastic rebound

D) Liquefaction

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.1 What Is an Earthquake?

Focus/Concepts: 6.1

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

27) The ________ is a layer in Earth's interior that is in a liquid state.

A) mantle

B) crust

C) inner core

D) outer core

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.8 Folds: Structures Formed by Ductile Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.8

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

28) The ________ is the cool, brittle, outer layer of Earth that includes the crust and uppermost mantle.

A) lithosphere

B) asthenosphere

C) inner core

D) mantle

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.8 Folds: Structures Formed by Ductile Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.8

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

29) Horsts and grabens are bounded by ________.

A) normal faults

B) reverse faults

C) thrust faults

D) strike-slip faults

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.9 Faults and Joints: Structures Formed by Brittle Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

30) The east coast of present-day North America is a good example of a(n) ________ continental margin.

A) active

B) passive

C) strike-slip

D) lateral

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.11 Subduction and Mountain Building

Focus/Concepts: 6.11

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

31) Which of the following is considered a young mountain range?

A) The Andes Mountains

B) The Himalayan Mountains

C) The Appalachian Mountains

D) The Ural Mountains

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.10 Mountain Building

Focus/Concepts: 6.10

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

32) The difference between a continent and a microcontinent is ________.

A) composition

B) age

C) location

D) size

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.12 Collisional Mountain Belts

Focus/Concepts: 6.12

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

33) Sediment scraped off the subducting plate builds up in a(n) ________.

A) horst

B) delta

C) accretionary wedge

D) basin

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.11 Subduction and Mountain Building

Focus/Concepts: 6.11

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

34) Most orogenesis occurs along ________ plate boundaries.

A) divergent

B) convergent

C) transform

D) hot spot

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.12 Collisional Mountain Belts

Focus/Concepts: 6.12

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

35) Sand volcanoes are a good indication that ________ has occurred in an area.

A) liquefaction

B) uplift

C) subsidence

D) tsunami

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.5 Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 6.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

36) According to the ________, the Earth and solar system began to form nearly 5 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a huge cloud of dust and gases.

A) big bang theory

B) plate tectonic theory

C) uniformitarianism

D) nebular theory

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.6 Earth's Interior

Focus/Concepts: 6.6

ESLI: 2.2 Our solar system formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion years ago.

37) The collective term for any process that produces a mountain belt is called ________.

A) orogenesis

B) diagenesis

C) petrogenesis

D) subduction

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.10 Mountain Building

Focus/Concepts: 6.10

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

38) ________ is gradual displacement along a fault.

A) Subsidence

B) Liquefaction

C) Fault creep

D) Fault scarp

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.1 What Is an Earthquake?

Focus/Concepts: 6.1

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

39) Which of the following does moment magnitude measure or estimate?

A) the amplitude of the largest seismic wave recorded on a seismogram

B) the total energy released during an earthquake

C) the total damage to an area

D) difference in magnitude between P and S waves

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.4 Determining the Size of an Earthquake

Focus/Concepts: 6.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

40) ________ is a general term that refers to all changes in the shape, position, or orientation of a rock mass.

A) Displacement

B) Liquefaction

C) Subsidence

D) Deformation

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.7 Rock Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.7

ESLI: 4.4 Earth's tectonic plates consist of the rocky crust and uppermost mantle, and they move slowly with respect to one another.

41) ________ are fractures along which no appreciable displacement has occurred.

A) Faults

B) Joints

C) Domes

D) Horsts

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.9 Faults and Joints: Structures Formed by Brittle Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

42) Which of the following is the best example of an active continental margin?

A) west coast of Africa

B) east coast of North America

C) west coast of South America

D) east coast of South America

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.11 Subduction and Mountain Building

Focus/Concepts: 6.11

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

43) A Richter magnitude 8 earthquake is ________ times greater than a Richter magnitude of 7.

A) 100

B) 50

C) 10

D) 5

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.4 Determining the Size of an Earthquake

Focus/Concepts: 6.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

44) The Appalachian Mountains were formed when ________ and ________ collided more than 250 million years ago.

A) North America; Africa

B) Africa; Europe

C) South America; Africa

D) Australia; Asia

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.12 Collisional Mountain Belts

Focus/Concepts: 6.12

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

45) ________ is the general term that refers to all changes in the shape, position, or orientation of a rock mass.

A) Uplift

B) Deformation

C) Subsidence

D) Elastic rebound

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.7 Rock Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.7

ESLI: 4.4 Earth's tectonic plates consist of the rocky crust and uppermost mantle, and they move slowly with respect to one another.

46) Seismologists use a method called ________ to pinpoint the epicenter of an earthquake by using three or more seismic stations.

A) deformation

B) interpolation

C) extrapolation

D) triangulation

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.3 Where Do Most Earthquakes Occur?

Focus/Concepts: 6.3

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

47) ________ occur in which the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block.

A) Normal faults

B) Reverse faults

C) Strike-slip faults

D) Grabens

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.9 Faults and Joints: Structures Formed by Brittle Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

6.2 Matching Questions

Match the following items with the correct descriptions.

A) a dip-slip fault where the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall block

B) valley formed from the downward displacement of a normal fault-bounded block

C) a fault where the dominant displacement is horizontal and parallel to the strike of the fault surface

D) a fault where the movement is parallel to the dip of the fault

E) a low-angle (less than 45 degrees) reverse fault

F) an elongated, uplifted block of crust bounded by normal faults

G) vertical displacements along dip—slip faults that may produce long, low cliffs

H) a dip-slip fault where the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall block

1) fault scarp

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.9 Faults and Joints: Structures Formed by Brittle Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

2) horst

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2Section: 6.9 Faults and Joints: Structures Formed by Brittle Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

3) graben

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.9 Faults and Joints: Structures Formed by Brittle Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

4) normal fault

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.9 Faults and Joints: Structures Formed by Brittle Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

5) reverse fault

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.9 Faults and Joints: Structures Formed by Brittle Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

6) strike-slip fault

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.9 Faults and Joints: Structures Formed by Brittle Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

7) dip-slip fault

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.9 Faults and Joints: Structures Formed by Brittle Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

8) thrust fault

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.9 Faults and Joints: Structures Formed by Brittle Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.9

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

Answers: 1) G 2) F 3) B 4) H 5) A 6) C 7) D 8) E

Match the hazard with the correct hazard region/location.

A) cities with vulnerable gas and electrical lines

B) areas of loose sediment

C) coastal regions

D) regions with unstable slopes

9) tsunami

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.5 Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 6.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

10) liquefaction

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.5 Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 6.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

11) landslides

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.5 Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 6.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

12) fires

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.5 Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 6.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

Answers: 9) C 10) B 11) D 12) A

Match the wave motion with the correct seismic wave.

A) motion at Earth's surface that may move materials side to side, or up and down

B) motion that involves compression and expansion of the material through which it passes; may pass through solids, liquids, and gases

C) motion that involves oscillation perpendicular to the direction of propagation; only passes through solids

13) P wave

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.2 Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves

Focus/Concepts: 6.2

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

14) S wave

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.2 Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves

Focus/Concepts: 6.2

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

15) Surface wave

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.2 Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves

Focus/Concepts: 6.2

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

Answers: 13) B 14) C 15) A

6.3 Essay Questions

1) Describe the steps you would go through to determine the source of an earthquake, provided you had access to three seismographs that recorded the event.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.3 Where Do Most Earthquakes Occur?

Focus/Concepts: 6.3

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

2) How do terranes relate the growth of continental crust over geologic time? What region of North America illustrates this process well?

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.12 Collisional Mountain Belts

Focus/Concepts: 6.12

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

3) Would earthquakes of similar magnitudes in different regions of Earth cause approximately the same levels of damage necessarily? In your explanation, consider both geologic and human-induced factors.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.5 Earthquake Destruction

Focus/Concepts: 6.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

4) What sorts of geologic structures would an earth scientist expect to find forming in a convergent plate boundary? Draw a cross section to help explain your answer.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.8 Folds: Structures Formed by Ductile Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.8

ESLI: 1.6 Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geologic evidence.

5) Sketch a cross-sectional view of Earth's interior, and label each of the layers you depict.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.6 Earth's Interior

Focus/Concepts: 6.6

ESLI: 1.6 Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geologic evidence.

6) Briefly discuss the formation of an accretionary wedge.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.11 Subduction and Mountain Building

Focus/Concepts: 6.11

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

7) Explain why an earthquake on the east coast of the United States may produce damage over a larger area than an earthquake on the west coast.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.3 Where Do Most Earthquakes Occur?

Focus/Concepts: 6.3

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

8) Discuss the differences between P, S, and surface waves.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 6.2 Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves

Focus/Concepts: 6.2

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

6.4 Visual Questions

1) Examine the graph. After a P wave (blue line) has been traveling for 5 minutes, how much distance has been covered by an S wave (red line) generated by the same earthquake?

A) 1200 km

B) 1900 km

C) 2500 km

D) 3100 km

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 6.3 Where Do Most Earthquakes Occur?

Focus/Concepts: 6.3

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

2) What kind of fault is illustrated in this figure?

A) normal fault

B) reverse fault

C) thrust fault

D) strike-slip fault

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.9 Faults and Joints: Structures Formed by Brittle Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.9

ESLI: 1.6 Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geologic evidence.

3) What kind of fold is illustrated in this photograph? At what sort of tectonic boundary situation is it likely to have formed?

A) anticline; divergent

B) syncline; divergent

C) anticline; convergent

D) syncline; convergent

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.8 Folds: Structures Formed by Ductile Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.8

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

4) What type of structure is shown in the photograph?

A) reverse fault

B) normal fault

C) anticline

D) syncline

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.8 Folds: Structures Formed by Ductile Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.8

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

5) What type of deformation is shown in the photograph above?

A) ductile deformation

B) brittle deformation

C) elastic deformation

D) thrust fault

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 6.7 Rock Deformation

Focus/Concepts: 6.7

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

6) In the seismograph shown above, what is the estimated time interval between points A and C?

A) 3 minutes

B) 4 minutes

C) 5 minutes

D) 6 minutes

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 6.2 Seismology: The Study of Earthquake Waves

Focus/Concepts: 6.2

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

7) Discuss the formation of the Himalayan Mountains using the figures above as a guide. Be sure to add features seen in the diagram with your explanation.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.12 Collisional Mountain Belts

Focus/Concepts: 6.12

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

8) As you can see from this map, the Ural Mountains exhibit a north-south orientation through Eurasia. They are about the same age as the Appalachian mountains of eastern North America. How does the theory of plate tectonics explain the existence of this mountain belt in the interior of an expansive continental landmass? Compare and contrast the Ural and Appalachian situations, given their similar age.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 6.12 Collisional Mountain Belts

Focus/Concepts: 6.12

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.