Test Bank | Chapter 9 Oceans: The Last Frontier 8e

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Foundations of Earth Science, 8e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)

9.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) How does the average depth of the oceans compare to the average elevation of the continents?

A) The oceans are hundreds of times deeper on average than the continents' average elevation.

B) The continents stick up above sea level by about the same vertical distance that the ocean floor is below sea level.

C) The ocean floors are about four times as deep, on average, than the average elevation of the continents above sea level.

D) The ocean floors are higher in elevation than the continents' average distance below sea level.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.1 The Vast World Ocean

Focus/Concepts: 9.1

ESLI: 5.1 Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle.

2) Which one of the following is part of the continental margin?

A) continental shelf

B) deep-sea fan

C) accretionary wedge

D) continental trench

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

3) Which of the following would be associated with turbidity currents?

A) deposits of graded beds

B) subduction erosion

C) erosion of accretionary wedge

D) formation of seamounts

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

4) Seamounts ________.

A) are a special type of oceanic trench

B) are volcanoes that form on the ocean floor

C) form only in the Pacific Ocean basin

D) are submarine canyons found near Australia

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.6 Features of Deep-Ocean Basins

Focus/Concepts: 9.6

ESLI: 5.1 Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle.

5) Which of the following is associated with oceanic ridges?

A) accretionary wedge

B) anticlines

C) reverse faults

D) rift zones

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

6) Bones and teeth are an example of ________ sediment.

A) terrigenous

B) biogenous

C) hydrogenous

D) manganesogenous

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

7) The gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is termed the ________.

A) submarine canyon

B) continental shelf

C) continental slope

D) continental rise

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

8) The crests of mid-oceanic ridges ________.

A) are heavily mantled with sediment

B) are geologically old features

C) contain active rift zones

D) lie at depths exceeding 6 kilometers

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

9) ________ develop where oceanic lithosphere bends downward and sinks into the mantle.

A) Guyots

B) Deep-ocean trenches

C) Submarine canyons

D) Oceanic ridges

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.6 Features of Deep-Ocean Basins

Focus/Concepts: 9.6

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

10) An echo sounder operates by measuring the time required for ________.

A) a sound pulse to travel from a ship to the seafloor and back

B) a laser beam to travel from a ship to the seafloor and back

C) a radar pulse to travel from a ship to the seafloor and back

D) a radar pulse to travel from a satellite in orbit around Earth to the sea surface and back

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.4 An Emerging Picture of the Ocean Floor

Focus/Concepts: 9.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

11) Ocean covers approximately ________ percent of Earth's surface.

A) 11

B) 51

C) 71

D) 91

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.1 The Vast World Ocean

Focus/Concepts: 9.1

ESLI: 5.1 Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle.

12) The ________ Ocean is largest; the ________ Ocean is smallest.

A) Pacific; Arctic

B) Atlantic; Indian

C) Pacific; Indian

D) Arctic; Atlantic

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.1 The Vast World Ocean

Focus/Concepts: 9.1

ESLI: 5.1 Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle.

13) Which element is most commonly dissolved in seawater?

A) sodium

B) chlorine

C) magnesium

D) gold

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.2 Composition of Seawater

Focus/Concepts: 9.2

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

14) Where is the continental rise?

A) at the top of a mid-ocean ridge

B) at the top of the continental slope

C) between an abyssal plain and the continental slope

D) at the seaward edge of a deep ocean trench

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

15) The primary reason for the elevated position of the ridge system is ________.

A) uplift and erosion of continental lithosphere

B) slab-pull of colder, less dense oceanic lithosphere

C) newly created oceanic lithosphere is hot and less dense than cooler rocks of the deep-ocean basin

D) oceanic lithosphere is subsiding over time

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

16) How many seconds would it take an echo sounder's ping to make the trip from a ship to the Challenger Deep (10,994 meters) and back? Recall that depth = 1/2 (1500 m/sec × Echo travel time).

A) 0.1466 seconds

B) 1.466 seconds

C) 14.66 seconds

D) 146.6 seconds

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.4 An Emerging Picture of the Ocean Floor

Focus/Concepts: 9.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

17) Where would you go to find "black smokers" (deep-sea hydrothermal vents)?

A) deep-ocean trench

B) oceanic ridge

C) guyot

D) continental rise

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

18) No thermocline exists in high-latitude regions because there is little temperature difference between the top and bottom of the water column. In such a situation the water column is said to be ________.

A) isothermal

B) multithermal

C) clinothermal

D) pycnoclinal

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.3 Variations in Temperature and Density with Depth

Focus/Concepts: 9.3

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

19) What kind of seawater is densest?

A) warm, low salinity

B) warm, high salinity

C) cold, low salinity

D) cold, high salinity

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.3 Variations in Temperature and Density with Depth

Focus/Concepts: 9.3

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

20) At low latitudes, the ________ is a zone of rapid temperature change over a relatively short depth. It is associated with a similar depth zone marked by a change in density, called the ________.

A) thermocline; pycnocline

B) pycnocline; thermocline

C) thermocline; isotherm

D) isotherm; pycnocline

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.3 Variations in Temperature and Density with Depth

Focus/Concepts: 9.3

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

21) Where does an accretionary wedge form?

A) deep-ocean trench

B) oceanic ridge

C) seamount

D) continental rise

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

22) ________ is the proportion of dissolved salts to pure water.

A) Pycnocline

B) Salinity

C) Density

D) Subduction

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.2 Composition of Seawater

Focus/Concepts: 9.2

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

23) The principal source of water in the oceans and the atmosphere is by the process of ________.

A) outgassing

B) convection

C) evaporation

D) transpiration

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.2 Composition of Seawater

Focus/Concepts: 9.2

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

24) Minerals that crystallize directly from seawater are examples of ________ sediment.

A) biogenous

B) terrigenous

C) hydrogenous

D) lithogenous

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

25) The oceanic ridge system is the ________ topographic feature on Earth.

A) shortest

B) longest

C) youngest

D) oldest

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

26) Attraction of seawater to submarine features like seamounts and oceanic ridges is due to ________; it results in areas where the surface of the ocean bulges upward by a small amount.

A) gravity

B) dissolution

C) subduction

D) convection

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.4 An Emerging Picture of the Ocean Floor

Focus/Concepts: 9.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

27) A prominent feature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a very deep linear valley known as a(n) ________.

A) abyssal plain

B) trench

C) continental rise

D) rift valley

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

28) A pile of clam shells is an example of ________ sediment.

A) biogenous

B) terrigenous

C) hydrogenous

D) lithogenous

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

29) Valleys that lead from the continental shelf into deeper waters are known as ________. Typically, we find ________ along the continental rise at the bottom of these valleys.

A) deep-ocean trench; accretionary wedge

B) submarine canyons; deep-sea fans

C) seamount; guyots

D) continental rise; continental shelf

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

30) ________ continental margins typically exhibit wide, extensive, continental shelves.

A) Passive

B) Active

C) Lateral

D) Transverse

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

31) ________ continental margins occur where oceanic lithosphere is being subducted beneath the edge of a continent.

A) Passive

B) Active

C) Lateral

D) Transverse

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

32) High salinity values in ocean water are due to ________.

A) higher evaporation rates

B) lower evaporation rates

C) higher longitudes

D) lower longitudes

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.2 Composition of Seawater

Focus/Concepts: 9.2

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

33) The area of the ocean that experiences the lowest density water occurs in the ________.

A) surface mixed zone

B) transition zone

C) deep zone

D) ocean floor

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.3 Variations in Temperature and Density with Depth

Focus/Concepts: 9.3

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

34) A ________ marks the site where old, oceanic lithosphere begins its descent into a subduction zone.

A) deep-ocean trench

B) submarine canyons

C) seamount

D) continental rise

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

35) A rising mantle plume may be responsible for the vast outpouring of lava associated with a(n) ________.

A) continental slope

B) mid-ocean ridge

C) trench

D) oceanic plateau

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.6 Features of Deep-Ocean Basins

Focus/Concepts: 9.6

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

36) As basalt forms at the mid-ocean ridge, which of the following is correct?

A) The basalt cools, expands, and becomes less dense.

B) The basalt cools, contracts, and becomes more dense.

C) The basalt melts, expands, and becomes less dense.

D) The basalt melts, contracts, and becomes more dense.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

37) ________ is the measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the topography of the ocean floor.

A) Photometry

B) Altimetry

C) Bathymetry

D) Radiometry

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.4 An Emerging Picture of the Ocean Floor

Focus/Concepts: 9.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

38) Which of the following processes will increase salinity?

A) runoff from land

B) formation of sea ice

C) precipitation

D) iceberg melting

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.2 Composition of Seawater

Focus/Concepts: 9.2

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

39) The sediment found in the Mississippi River Delta is an example of ________.

A) biogenous sediment

B) terrigenous sediment

C) hydrogenous sediment

D) lithogenous sediment

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

40) The Southern Hemisphere contains approximately ________ land compared to ________ in the Northern Hemisphere.

A) 81%; 61%

B) 19%; 39%

C) 73%; 24%

D) 8%; 57%

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.1 The Vast World Ocean

Focus/Concepts: 9.1

ESLI: 5.1 Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle.

41) Which of the following processes would decrease the amount of salinity in seawater?

A) icebergs melting

B) evaporation

C) formation of sea ice

D) global temperature increase

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.2 Composition of Seawater

Focus/Concepts: 9.2

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

42) When high-density seawater is added to low-density freshwater, ________.

A) the two types of water mix evenly together

B) the less dense freshwater sinks below the seawater

C) the denser seawater sinks below the freshwater

D) the freshwater evaporates leaving the seawater behind

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.3 Variations in Temperature and Density with Depth

Focus/Concepts: 9.3

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

43) The ________ accounts for approximately 80 percent of ocean water.

A) surface mixed layer

B) transition zone

C) deep zone

D) lateral zone

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.3 Variations in Temperature and Density with Depth

Focus/Concepts: 9.3

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

44) The main difference between a seamount and a guyot is ________.

A) seamounts are flat

B) guyots are flat

C) guyots may become oceanic islands

D) seamounts are rare

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.6 Features of Deep-Ocean Basins

Focus/Concepts: 9.6

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

45) Turbidity currents carry sediments into submarine canyons which may eventually produce ________.

A) deltas

B) accretionary wedges

C) deep-sea fans

D) alluvial fans

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

46) The ________ contains 33 percent more dissolved solids and is almost ________ times saltier than seawater.

A) Great Salt Lake; 8

B) Dead Sea; 10

C) Aral Sea; 5

D) Great Lakes; 3

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.2 Composition of Seawater

Focus/Concepts: 9.2

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

47) One fathom equals ________.

A) 10 meters

B) 5.5 meters

C) 3 meters

D) 1.8 meters

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.4 An Emerging Picture of the Ocean Floor

Focus/Concepts: 9.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

9.2 Matching Questions

Match the sediment type with the correct sediment formed.

A) terrigenous sediment

B) hydrogenous sediment

C) biogenous sediment

1) precipitation of manganese nodules

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

2) wind-blown sediment from deserts

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

3) diatom decomposition

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

4) hot water vents associated with mid-ocean ridges

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

5) sediment transported by icebergs

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

6) calcareous ooze

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

7) volcano ash from continental-oceanic collision

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

8) calcium carbonate formation in warm waters

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

Answers: 1) B 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) A 6) C 7) A 8) B

Match the deep-ocean feature with the correct definition.

A) portion of the seafloor between the continental margin and oceanic ridge; comprises 30 percent of Earth's surface

B) submarine volcanoes

C) subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath a continent

D) submerged, flat-topped seamount

E) extensive region of the ocean floor with thick accumulation of pillow basalts and other mafic rocks

F) long, narrow troughs located along subduction zones

G) very level area of the deep-ocean floor typically lying at the foot of the continental rise

H) subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath oceanic lithosphere

9) abyssal plain

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System7

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

10) guyot

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

11) deep-ocean basin

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

12) continental volcanic arc

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

13) seamounts

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

14) ocean plateau

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

15) deep-ocean trench

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

16) volcanic island arc

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 9.7 The Oceanic Ridge System

Focus/Concepts: 9.7

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

Answers: 9) G 10) D 11) A 12) C 13) B 14) E 15) F 16) H

9.3 Essay Questions

1) Compare and contrast the three types of seafloor sediments, and give an example of each.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 9.8 Seafloor Sediments

Focus/Concepts: 9.8

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

2) Why doesn't the sea get saltier over time?

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 9.2 Composition of Seawater

Focus/Concepts: 9.2

ESLI: 5.3 Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all of Earth's systems.

3) Imagine that a helicopter drops you off on an island. You look north and south and see a long line of active volcanic islands poking up above the ocean's waves. At what sort of plate boundary are you likely to be? What is one way that you could test this interpretation to see if it is valid?

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

4) Sketch a cross-section through a continent that has an active margin on one side and a passive margin on the other side. Label relevant features and briefly (one or two sentences) describe what distinguishes the two kinds of continental margins.

Active continental margins are characterized by a subduction zone and its associated (a) trench and potentially an accretionary wedge or subduction erosion, (b) continental volcanic arc, and

(c) earthquakes from great depths. In contrast, a passive continental margin will have (d) a lack of significant tectonic activity and often shows (e) a wide, flat continental shelf. Deposition of sediment takes place there, and turbidity currents may carry some sediment down to the continental rise where it accumulates in (f) deep-sea fans.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

5) Where would you suggest we explore for oil: on a passive continental margin or an active margin? Explain.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

6) Explain how sound energy is used to measure water depths and map the ocean floor.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 9.4 An Emerging Picture of the Ocean Floor

Focus/Concepts: 9.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

7) Explain how an accretionary wedge forms and how this feature differs from subduction zone erosion.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

8) Explain the main difference between continental volcanic arcs and volcanic island arcs.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 9.6 Features of Deep-Ocean Basins

Focus/Concepts: 9.6

ESLI: 5.1 Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle.

9) Consider this scenario: You are hired as the sonar technician on an oceanographic research vessel. The ship is moving at a constant speed on a linear survey. Your echo-sounding equipment gives you the following dataset over the course of the 170-km transect:

Recall that the average speed of sound waves in water is 1500 meters per second. What submarine feature has been documented by this data? Interpret the dataset as fully as possible.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

9.4 Visual

1) The map shows the bathymetry of the ocean floor off the coast of Los Angeles, California. Note the prominent submarine canyon on the continental shelf and slope. How was this feature likely generated?

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 9.5 Continental Margins

Focus/Concepts: 9.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

2) Examine the graph. At what latitude does the graph show more land than water? Choose from the following options.

A) between 45° and 70° north

B) between 0° and 5° north

C) between 25° and 30° south

D) between 60° and 65° south

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 9.1 The Vast World Ocean

Focus/Concepts: 9.1

ESLI: 5.1 Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle.

3) Examine the graph. At what latitude do we find the maximum salinity?

A) 65° north

B) 25° north

C) both 25° north and south

D) 5° south

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 9.2 Composition of Seawater

Focus/Concepts: 9.2

ESLI: 5.1 Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle.

4) Which of the four lettered locations in this figure shows a guyot?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 9.6 Features of Deep-Ocean Basins

Focus/Concepts: 9.6

ESLI: 5.1 Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle.