Plate Tectonics – Ch5 | Scientific Theory – Test Bank 8e

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Foundations of Earth Science, 8e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)

Chapter 5 Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds

5.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) ________ was an aquatic reptile that lived in South America and Africa during the Permian period.

A) Mesosaurus

B) Lystrosaurus

C) Glossopteris

D) Tyrannosaurus

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.1 From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.1

ESLI: 6.1 Fossils are the preserved evidence of ancient life.

2) In the early part of the twentieth century, ________ argued forcefully for the idea of continental drift.

A) Richard Wagner

B) Alfred Wegener

C) James Hutton

D) Harry Hess

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.2 Continental Drift: An Idea Before Its Time

Focus/Concepts: 5.2

ESLI: 1.6 Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geologic evidence.

3) New ocean crust is generated at ________.

A) ocean-ocean convergent boundaries

B) ocean-continental convergent boundaries

C) continental-continental convergent boundaries

D) divergent plate boundaries

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 2.4 Earth's crust has two distinct types: continental and oceanic.

4) Lithospheric plates can consist of which of the following components?

A) continental crust, oceanic crust, and ocean water

B) continental crust, lithospheric mantle, and asthenospheric mantle

C) continental crust, lithospheric mantle, and oceanic crust

D) continental crust only, not oceanic crust

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 4.4 Earth's tectonic plates consist of the rocky crust and uppermost mantle, and they move slowly with respect to one another.

5) An example of a modern convergent boundary would be ________.

A) Iceland

B) the East African Rift valley

C) the San Andreas Fault

D) India slamming into Asia

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.7 How Do Plates and Plate Boundaries Change?

Focus/Concepts: 5.7

ESLI: 4.4 Earth's tectonic plates consist of the rocky crust and uppermost mantle, and they move slowly with respect to one another.

6) Continental rifts are associated with ________ plate boundaries.

A) divergent

B) convergent

C) transform

D) hot spot

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 4.4 Earth's tectonic plates consist of the rocky crust and uppermost mantle, and they move slowly with respect to one another.

7) The temperature above which a material loses its magnetization is called the ________.

A) hot spot

B) Curie point

C) fracture zone

D) Darcy temperature

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

8) The area of crust directly above a rising mantle plume is a(n) ________.

A) convergent plate boundary

B) Curie point

C) hot spot

D) asthenosphere

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 2.4 Earth's crust has two distinct types: continental and oceanic.

9) Linear, magnetic patterns associated with mid-ocean ridges are configured as ________.

A) concentric circles about a rising plume of hot, mantle rocks and magma

B) normal and reversed magnetized strips roughly perpendicular to the ridge axis

C) reversed magnetizations along the rift valleys and normal magnetizations on the ridge

D) normal and reversed magnetized strips roughly parallel to the ridge

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

10) Ten million years from now, the East African Rift valley system will most closely resemble the modern ________.

A) Red Sea

B) Appalachian Mountains

C) Peru-Chile Trench

D) San Andreas Fault

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 4.7 Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress crust.

11) Which of the following was missing from Alfred Wegener's hypothesis?

A) the geometrical fit between South America and Africa

B) late Paleozoic glacial features

C) paleomagnetic data from ocean crust

D) similar fossils on widely separated continents

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.2 Continental Drift: An Idea Before Its Time

Focus/Concepts: 5.2

ESLI: 1.6 Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geologic evidence.

12) Which of the following was a main objection to Alfred Wegener's continental drift hypothesis?

A) His glacial evidence wasn't accurate.

B) He didn't identify enough fossil remains to prove plates moved.

C) It lacked compelling evidence that the continents had been connected in the past.

D) He couldn't provide a credible mechanism.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.3

ESLI: 1.7 Technological advances, breakthroughs in interpretation, and new observations continuously refine our understanding of Earth.

13) Which one of the following most accurately describes the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands?

A) Volcanoes are associated with subduction and a convergent plate boundary.

B) Volcanoes are fed by a long-lived hot spot below the Pacific lithospheric plate.

C) Volcanoes are associated with a mid-Pacific oceanic ridge and spreading center.

D) Volcanoes are associated with a mid-Pacific transform fault.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 4.3 Earth's interior is in constant motion through the process of convection, with important consequences for the surface.

14) New oceanic lithosphere is formed at ________.

A) convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma

B) divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma

C) divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of rhyolitic magma

D) convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of rhyolitic magma

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 2.4 Earth's crust has two distinct types: continental and oceanic.

15) Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ________.

A) subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries

B) transform fault zones along divergent plate boundaries

C) rift zones along oceanic ridges

D) sites of long-lived, hot spot volcanism in the ocean basins

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.5 Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction

Focus/Concepts: 5.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

16) Imagine that you were given a ship equipped with a device that could measure how deep the water is. You are asked to use this ship to find a subduction zone. What would you look for as you sailed around the world's oceans?

A) an oceanic ridge

B) a mountain range

C) a continental rift

D) a deep-ocean trench

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.5 Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction

Focus/Concepts: 5.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

17) A transform plate boundary is characterized by ________.

A) two plates colliding and thrusting up a mountain range

B) two plates moving apart and opening up a new ocean basin

C) a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions

D) hot spot volcanism

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.6 Transform Plate Boundaries

Focus/Concepts: 5.6

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

18) When new oceanic lithosphere is generated at an oceanic ridge, what happens to the two plates on either side of the ridge?

A) The plates get larger.

B) The plates get smaller.

C) The plates stay the same size.

D) The plates sink into the lower mantle.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 2.4 Earth's crust has two distinct types: continental and oceanic.

19) Which of the following plate boundaries would exhibit vertical faults with rock units that didn't match, offset stream channels, and strong earthquakes with no volcanoes?

A) divergent

B) convergent

C) transform

D) plate interior (hot spot)

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.6 Transform Plate Boundaries

Focus/Concepts: 5.6

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

20) Transform plate boundaries account for approximately ________ of all plate boundaries.

A) 50%

B) 40%

C) 30%

D) 20%

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.3

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

21) A volcanic island arc is the result of ________.

A) subduction of continental crust underneath oceanic crust

B) subduction of oceanic crust underneath oceanic crust

C) subduction of oceanic crust underneath continental crust

D) subduction of continental crust underneath continental crust

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.5 Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction

Focus/Concepts: 5.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

22) Among the following choices, the closest match for a divergent boundary is ________.

A) the East African Rift valley

B) the San Andreas Fault

C) the Appalachian Mountains

D) the Mariana Trench

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

23) The ________ is weaker and less rigid than the overlying lithosphere.

A) crust

B) lower mantle

C) upper mantle

D) asthenosphere

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.3

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

24) Slabs of oceanic lithosphere sink at subduction zones because the subducted slab is denser than the underlying asthenosphere. In this process, called ________, Earth's gravity tugs at the slab, drawing the rest of the plate toward the subduction zone.

A) slab pull

B) ridge push

C) convection

D) reverse polarity

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.9 What Drives Plate Motions?

Focus/Concepts: 5.9

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

25) Continental rifting begins when plate motions produce ________ forces that pull and stretch the lithosphere.

A) compressional

B) tensional

C) shear

D) magnetic

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

26) Mt. Kilimanjaro and Mt. Kenya are ________ that occur along the East African Rift.

A) hot spots

B) volcanoes

C) mantle plumes

D) fault zones

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.5 Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction

Focus/Concepts: 5.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

27) During the first two decades of the twentieth century, ________ was a vigorous proponent of continental drift.

A) Nicolas Steno

B) Friedrich Mohs

C) Alfred Wegener

D) N. L. Bowen

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.2 Continental Drift: An Idea Before Its Time

Focus/Concepts: 5.2

ESLI: 1.6 Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geologic evidence.

28) A ________ is a long-lived, stationary, magma source deep in the mantle, well below the base of the lithosphere.

A) volcano

B) continental rift

C) mantle plume

D) hot spot

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 4.3 Earth's interior is in constant motion through the process of convection, with important consequences for the surface.

29) The ________ today marks the location of the rift along which Africa separated from South America.

A) East Pacific Rise

B) Mid-Atlantic Ridge

C) Aleutian Islands

D) Hawaiian Islands

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

30) Alaska's Aleutian Islands formed as part of a ________ along a ________ boundary.

A) continental volcanic arc; convergent

B) volcanic island arc; convergent

C) continental volcanic arc; divergent

D) volcanic island arc; divergent

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.5 Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction

Focus/Concepts: 5.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

31) Iceland sits on a ________ plate boundary.

A) hot spot

B) transform

C) divergent

D) convergent

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

32) The San Andreas fault in California is a good example of a ________ plate boundary.

A) divergent

B) convergent

C) transform

D) plate interior (hot spot)

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.6 Transform Plate Boundaries

Focus/Concepts: 5.6

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

33) The mantle plume in the Pacific Ocean is currently beneath the island of ________.

A) Oahu

B) Molokai

C) Maui

D) Hawaii

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 4.3 Earth's interior is in constant motion through the process of convection, with important consequences for the surface.

34) ________ was a supercontinent that existed in the late Paleozoic era of geologic time.

A) Gondwanaland

B) Pangaea

C) Rodinia

D) Columbia

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.2 Continental Drift: An Idea Before Its Time

Focus/Concepts: 5.2

ESLI: 1.6 Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geologic evidence.

35) The ________ is Earth's outermost rocky layer that is broken into plates.

A) core

B) mantle

C) asthenosphere

D) lithosphere

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.3

ESLI: 1.7 Technological advances, breakthroughs in interpretation, and new observations continuously refine our understanding of Earth.

36) Some kind of ________ (upward movement of less dense material and downward movement of more dense material) appears to drive the motion of plates.

A) convection

B) dissolution

C) slab pull

D) ridge push

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.9 What Drives Plate Motions?

Focus/Concepts: 5.9

ESLI: 4.3 Earth's interior is in constant motion through the process of convection, with important consequences for the surface.

37) The ________ was created when Pangaea broke apart.

A) Antarctic Ocean

B) Indian Ocean

C) Pacific Ocean

D) Atlantic Ocean

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.7 How Do Plates and Plate Boundaries Change?

Focus/Concepts: 5.7

ESLI: 4.4 Earth's tectonic plates consist of the rocky crust and uppermost mantle, and they move slowly with respect to one another.

38) The age of the oldest sediments recovered from deep-ocean drilling was ________.

A) 300 million years ago

B) 180 million years ago

C) 65 million years ago

D) 20 million years ago

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 4.3 Earth's interior is in constant motion through the process of convection, with important consequences for the surface.

39) The collision of the subcontinent of India and Asia started forming the ________ approximately 50 million years ago.

A) Ural Mountains

B) Mid-Atlantic Ridge

C) Himalayan Mountains

D) Appalachian Mountains

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.5 Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction

Focus/Concepts: 5.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

40) The average rate of seafloor spreading in modern oceans is ________.

A) 5 centimeters per year

B) 8 centimeters per year

C) 2 centimeters per year

D) 15 centimeters per year

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

41) Oceanic lithosphere is approximately ________ thick in deep-ocean basins.

A) 75 kilometers

B) 100 kilometers

C) 150 kilometers

D) 200 kilometers

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.3

ESLI: 1.7 Technological advances, breakthroughs in interpretation, and new observations continuously refine our understanding of Earth.

42) Which of the following is the largest lithospheric plates?

A) Eurasian plate

B) North American plate

C) Pacific plate

D) Antarctic plate

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.3

ESLI: 1.7 Technological advances, breakthroughs in interpretation, and new observations continuously refine our understanding of Earth.

43) The longest topographic feature on Earth's surface is ________.

A) the oceanic ridge system

B) continental-continental mountain ranges

C) hot spot volcanoes

D) volcanic island arcs

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

5.2 Matching Questions

Match the following items with the correct descriptions.

A) change in the polarity of Earth's magnetic field over time intervals of roughly 200,000 years

B) "weak" layer within the mantle that is easily deformed

C) temperature above which a material loses its magnetization

D) region where rigid plates are moving away from each other

E) a magnetic field opposite what exists at present

F) the natural remnant magnetism in rocks

G) boundary where plates slide past each other

H) boundary in which two plates move toward each other, often resulting in collision or subduction

I) rigid outer layer of Earth including the crust and upper mantle

J) a magnetic field that is the same as what exists at present

K) the history of magnetic reversals through time

L) an instrument used to measure Earth's magnetic field

1) lithosphere

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.3

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

2) asthenosphere

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.3

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

3) convergent plate boundary

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.3

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

4) divergent plate boundary

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.3

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

5) transform plate boundary

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.3

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

6) Curie point

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

7) paleomagnetism

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

8) magnetic reversal

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

9) magnetometer

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

10) normal polarity

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

11) reverse polarity

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

12) magnetic time scale

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 1.4 Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth's interior.

Answers: 1) I 2) B 3) H 4) D 5) G 6) C 7) F 8) A 9) L 10) J 11) E 12) K

Match the plate boundary with the feature that it produces. Answers will be used more than once.

A) transform plate boundary

B) divergent plate boundary

C) convergent plate boundary

13) East African Rift valley

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

14) San Andreas Fault

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.6 Transform Plate Boundaries

Focus/Concepts: 5.6

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

15) Himalayan Mountains

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.5 Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction

Focus/Concepts: 5.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

16) Cascade Mountain Range

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.5 Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction

Focus/Concepts: 5.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

17) Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

18) Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.5 Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction

Focus/Concepts: 5.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

19) Iceland

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.4 Divergent Plate Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading

Focus/Concepts: 5.4

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

Answers: 13) B 14) A 15) C 16) C 17) B 18) C 19) B

5.3 Essay Questions

1) What evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift? What additional evidence was added later (post-World War II) that suggested seafloor spreading? How do these two ideas unite to form the theory of plate tectonics?

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.1 From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.1

ESLI: 1.6 Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geologic evidence.

2) How wide would an ocean basin be if it formed due to the breakup of a supercontinent 200 million years ago and had an oceanic ridge in the middle that spread at a rate of 2.5 centimeters per year (25 kilometers per million years)?

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.5 Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction

Focus/Concepts: 5.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

3) Explain how Wegener used ancient glacier evidence to support his continental drift hypothesis. How was he able to account for lush tropical environments in North America, Europe, and Asia during the same time period of glaciation as South America, Africa, and India?

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.2 Continental Drift: An Idea Before Its Time

Focus/Concepts: 5.2

ESLI: 1.6 Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geologic evidence.

5.4 Visual Questions

1) Mount Hood (pictured) is part of the Cascade Range. These active volcanoes are a chain that stretches along the west coast from northern California to southern British Columbia, Canada. The Cascades are ________.

A) evidence of subduction in the Pacific Northwest of the United States

B) evidence of rifting of the North American continent

C) a product of the San Andreas Fault

D) due to a hot spot beneath Seattle

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.5 Convergent Plate Boundaries and Subduction

Focus/Concepts: 5.5

ESLI: 4.5 Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

2) Examine the two figures. For both figures the yellow arrows represent

A) areas of ascending and descending mantle material.

B) areas of slab pull.

C) areas of ridge push.

D) hot-spot tracks.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.9 What Drives Plate Motions?

Focus/Concepts: 5.9

ESLI: 4.3 Earth's interior is in constant motion through the process of convection, with important consequences for the surface.

3) Examine the image. It shows ________, a freshwater reptile whose fossils Alfred Wegener cited as evidence of continental drift.

A) Mesosaurus

B) Lystrosaurus

C) Glossopteris

D) Tyrannosaurus

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 5.2 Continental Drift: An Idea Before Its Time

Focus/Concepts: 5.2

ESLI: 6.1 Fossils are the preserved evidence of ancient life.

4) Which of these two sets of apparent polar wandering paths shows the "fixed continent" model, and which shows the "plate tectonics" model? Explain.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 1.7 Technological advances, breakthroughs in interpretation, and new observations continuously refine our understanding of Earth.

5) Examine this map of the Lutgens Archipelago, a chain of hot-spot-related islands atop the Tarbuck Plate in the Tasa Sea. Use the information given to determine the (a) direction and (b) rate of movement of the Tarbuck Plate.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.3

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

6) Examine this map showing the age of the crust in Africa and South America, and the position of ancient mountain belts (areas where mountain ranges used to exist but have since been eroded down to their roots). This information was not available to Alfred Wegener. Would he find it consistent with the idea of continental drift, or would it prove his idea wrong? Explain.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

Focus/Concepts: 5.3

ESLI: 1.7 Technological advances, breakthroughs in interpretation, and new observations continuously refine our understanding of Earth.

7) Examine the cross section through a hypothetical ocean basin. Use the magnetic time scale at left to determine when continents A and B separated from one another. Justify your answer.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 5.8 Testing the Plate Tectonics Model

Focus/Concepts: 5.8

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.