Verified Test Bank Evolution Of Plants Johnson Ch.17

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 17 Evolution of Plants

1) Symbiotic relationships with fungi called mycorrhizae

A) allow plants to take up minerals such as phosphorus.

B) cause disease in the infected plant.

C) only benefit the fungus.

D) existed only millions of years ago.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

2) Which of the following plant adaptations is used to create a watertight covering for the plant to prevent drying out?

A) a waxy cuticle

B) stomata

C) seeds

D) mycorrhizae

E) roots

3) In order to disperse water throughout themselves more effectively, plants evolved

A) pores.

B) vascular tissues.

C) circulatory systems.

D) stomata.

E) cuticles.

4) The first vascular plants occurred in the fossil record about ________ million years ago.

A) 400

B) 1

C) 100

D) 250

E) 41

5) The number of plants in existence today is estimated to be ________ species.

A) 1,000

B) 8,500

C) 15,000

D) 300,000

E) 750,000

6) The first successful land plants, which lack vascular tissue, are the

A) mosses.

B) coniferous trees.

C) liverworts and hornworts.

D) ferns.

E) oak trees.

7) ________ are plants with primitive conducting systems.

A) Mosses

B) Coniferous trees

C) Liverworts and hornworts

D) Ferns

E) Grasses

8) There are ________ species of mosses in existence today.

A) 100

B) 2,000

C) 500

D) 9,500

E) 50,000

9) Early vascular plants grew by only cell division at the tips of the stems and shoots, a type of growth called

A) primary growth.

B) secondary growth.

C) wood.

D) vascular growth.

E) elongation.

10) In the life cycle of a fern, during the sporophyte generation, the plant releases ________ that germinate and become gametophytes.

A) haploid spores

B) diploid spores

C) haploid gametes

D) diploid gametes

E) triploid spores

11) In a seed plant, the pollen grains are tiny

A) female gametophytes.

B) seeds.

C) male gametophytes.

D) eggs.

E) diploid spores.

12) The first seed plants were the

A) ferns.

B) gymnosperms.

C) angiosperms.

D) mosses.

E) fruit-bearing plants.

13) The outermost whorl, the ________, is/are leaflike and aid(s) in protection of the flower.

A) petals

B) sepals

C) stamens

D) carpels

E) style

14) In double fertilization, after the egg is fertilized, additional sperm cells fuse with ________ to form a triploid endosperm cell.

A) carpels

B) pollen grains

C) synergids

D) polar nuclei

E) anthers

15) The second whorl, called the ________ of the flower, attracts pollinators to the plant.

A) sepals

B) petals

C) stamens

D) carpels

E) anthers

16) In lab, you are given plants to observe and select the appropriate phylum. You choose a seedless vascular plant that appears to be a fern. Which phylum do you choose?

A) Lycophyta

B) Pterophyta

C) Gnetophyta

D) Ginkgophyta

E) Arthophyta

17) Liverworts lack vascular systems and are found in the phylum

A) Pterophyta.

B) Gnetophyta.

C) Ginkgophyta.

D) Hepaticophyta.

E) Lycophyta.

18) A seed has three parts: an embryo, the ________, which is a source of food for the developing embryo, and a protective cover.

A) antheridium

B) endosperm

C) rhizoid

D) ovule

E) cone

19) Plants are ________ because they can produce their own food through photosynthesis.

20) Alternation of ________ occurs when a gametophyte alternates with a sporophyte.

21) Flower parts are connected to a base called a ________.

22) Which group has the tallest living specimens today?

A) vascular plants

B) mosses

C) hornworts

D) liverworts

E) nonvascular plants

23) Flowers evolved brighter colors, nectar, and fragrances to

A) confuse predators.

B) attract mates.

C) promote seed dispersal.

D) attract pollinators.

E) assist in fruit formation.

24) Monocots, like grasses, have reverted to ________ pollination.

A) animal

B) asexual

C) aqueous

D) wind

E) insect

25) Monocots evolved before eudicots.

26) The primary function of fruit is to

A) provide nutrients to the endosperm.

B) promote seed development.

C) promote seed germination.

D) promote seed dispersal.

E) provide nutrients to the new plant.

27) Angiosperms rely on their colorful petals to attract pollinators. This is referred to as ________ pollination.

A) animal-directed

B) wind-directed

C) water-directed

D) human-directed

E) heat-directed

28) Which of the following parts would be classified as a male organ of a flower?

A) ovary

B) style

C) stamen

D) stigma

E) petal

29) If you were selecting phyla that consists of gymnosperms, which of the following would you not select?

A) Coniferophyta

B) Lycophyta

C) Ginkgophyta

D) Cycadophyta

E) Gnetophyta

30) Seedless vascular plants, like ferns, require ________ for fertilization.

A) water

B) bees

C) wind

D) animals

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

31) When you see a fern, the mature adult plant you are looking at is the

A) endosperm.

B) gametophyte.

C) sporophyte.

D) rhizoid.

E) antheridium.

32) When spores are released from the underside of the fern frond, they fall to the ground where they germinate, growing into

A) haploid gametophytes.

B) diploid sporophytes.

C) haploid sporophytes.

D) diploid gametophytes.

E) triploid gametophytes.

33) If you were sorting parts of the plant reproductive organs, which of the following would be found in the male organs?

A) egg

B) megaspore

C) polar nuclei

D) endosperm

E) microspore

34) Which of the following relates to monocots?

A) They were the first angiosperms.

B) They have netlike (reticulate) leaves.

C) They have flower parts in fours and fives.

D) They have three parts per whorl.

E) They contain oak trees.

35) The seed coat nourishes the embryo.

36) Gametophyte generations produce haploid ________.

37) ________ surrounds the seed(s) in flowering plants, aiding in dispersal.

38) In some seeds, the nutrients from the ________ are stored as food in the cotyledons.

39) The common name for the product of plant secondary growth in stems is ________.

40) List two of several of the adaptations plants evolved to enhance their survival on land.

41) What features serve to distinguish vascular plants from nonvascular plants?

42) How do the gametophytes of angiosperms differ from those of gymnosperms?

43) If you needed to collect some pollen, you would locate the ________ of the flower.

A) stigma

B) ovary

C) anther

D) style

E) receptacle

44) During photosynthesis, gas exchange occurs through the ________ of the plant leaves.

45) The most abundant of the seedless vascular plants are the ________.

46) Eudicots have leaves with ________ veins and flowers with ________ parts per whorl.

A) netlike; 3

B) netlike; 4 to 5

C) parallel; 3

D) parallel; 4 to 5

E) netlike; 6

47) Why is the evolution of secondary growth important for plants?

48) Of what advantage might it be for a plant to produce a seed rather than to be seedless?

49) Which of the following is a key evolutionary innovation for plants to evolve into what we see today?

A) alternation of generations

B) seeds

C) fruits and flowers

D) vascular tissue

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

50) Seedless vascular plants were second to evolve on land. From the following, select all plant examples of this lineage.

A) club mosses

B) hornworts

C) tree ferns

D) horsetails

E) cycads

51) Even though they are considered "nonvascular," ________ were the first to evolve strands of specialized cells to conduct water.

52) When comparing the vascular tissues, ________ carries water and minerals from the roots to all parts of the plant, while ________ transports sugars throughout the plant.