Chapter 15 Full Test Bank Exploring Biological Diversity

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 15 Exploring Biological Diversity

1) The person responsible for the current system of naming organisms is

A) Aristotle.

B) Linnaeus.

C) Darwin.

D) Malthus.

E) Woese.

2) The scientific names we use to identify organisms are in the form of

A) Latin.

B) polynomials.

C) binomials.

D) Latin and polynomials.

E) Latin and binomials.

3) The branch of biology that deals with the identification and naming of organisms is

A) biology.

B) herpetology.

C) taxonomy.

D) physiology.

E) nomenclature.

4) To which class do squirrels belong?

A) Chondrichthyes

B) Amphibia

C) Aves

D) Mammalia

E) Reptilia

5) You and your classmates are sorting organisms into orders. You have chosen to put one in the order Rodentia because you have observed

A) hair on its body.

B) gnawing teeth.

C) a backbone.

D) a tail.

E) limbs of different length.

6) A branching tree that represents the evolutionary relationships among a number of species is, in scientific terms, called a(n)

A) family tree.

B) cladogram.

C) androgeny.

D) pedigree.

E) clade tree.

7) A group of organisms at a particular level in a system of classification is called a(n)

A) taxon.

B) ingroup.

C) outgroup.

D) category.

E) clade.

8) ________ is the construction of phylogeny based on descent.

A) Logistics

B) Statistics

C) Cladistics

D) Systematics

E) Taxonomics

9) Mitochondria are descendants of ________ and chloroplasts are descendants of ________.

A) purple bacteria; cyanobacteria

B) methanogens; protists

C) cyanobacteria; fungi

D) orange bacteria; purple bacteria

E) cyanobacteria; Archaea

10) In which kingdom do all organisms undergo photosynthesis, as their mode of nutrition?

A) Plantae

B) Fungi

C) Animals

D) Protista

E) Bacteria

11) If you were assigning organisms to different families, to which would you assign a multicellular organism that utilized digestion as its mode of nutrition?

A) Fungi

B) Plantae

C) Protista

D) Archaea

E) Animalia

12) The kingdom that has the most diverse organisms, including unicellular eukaryotes and algae, is

A) Bacteria.

B) Archaea.

C) Fungi.

D) Protista.

E) Animalia.

13) Which pair of kingdoms contains organisms that are capable of photosynthesis?

A) Bacteria and Fungi

B) Archaea and Animalia

C) Fungi and Protista

D) Protista and Plantae

E) Animalia and Plantae

14) The highest, most inclusive level of the current classification scheme is ________.

15) The ________ ________ concept determines if a group of organisms makes up a separate species based on whether or not it can interbreed with other such groups.

16) A ________ is a group of organisms related by descent.

17) Biologists currently recognize ________ different kingdoms.

18) The taxonomic level just below kingdom is ________.

19) Mitochondria and chloroplasts are eukaryotic organelles that appear to have arisen by a process called ________.

20) From the list below, which is the highest ranked category, that includes the greatest number of organisms?

A) order

B) family

C) genus

D) phylum

E) species

21) Which of these groups does not fit well into the biological species concept because it consists of such diverse organisms?

A) animals

B) humans

C) protists

D) fish

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

22) Which of the following is a correct scientific name?

A) robin

B) tiger

C) winged beetle

D) Apis mellifera

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

23) The problem with the biological species concept is that it assumes that all organisms

A) undergo mitosis.

B) reproduce asexually.

C) outcross.

D) inbreed.

E) reproduce sexually.

24) The kingdoms within the domain Eukarya

A) include the animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

B) include some prokaryotes.

C) contain only multicellular organisms.

D) contain only organisms that obtain nutrients through digestion.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

25) Mitochondria are present in organisms in the following kingdoms except

A) Plantae.

B) Fungi.

C) Protista.

D) Archaea.

E) Animalia.

26) If you were asked to make a supporting argument of why mitochondria and chloroplasts are believed to have entered early eukaryotic cells by endosymbiosis of bacteria, which of the following would not be mentioned?

A) They are the same size as bacteria.

B) They contain DNA.

C) They are not derived from the endomembrane system as other organelles are.

D) They are motile within the cell.

E) They appear to have been engulfed by another bacterium.

27) Which is correct about the evolutionary relationships among the three domains?

A) Archaea and bacteria are more closely related to each other than to eukaryotes.

B) Eukaryotes and bacteria are more closely related to each other than to archaea.

C) Archaea and eukaryotes are more closely related to each other than to bacteria.

D) They are the same distant from each other with the same ancestor.

E) All three evolved from different ancestors.

28) There is only one kingdom in the domain(s)

A) Bacteria and Eukarya.

B) Archaea and Bacteria.

C) Eukarya and Archaea.

D) Archaea.

E) Bacteria.

29) In classification, the taxonomic group just below family is

A) species.

B) genus.

C) order.

D) class.

E) phylum.

30) You could correctly classify an organism that contains mitochondria in the Archaea.

31) A cladogram must contain a(n) ________ to serve as a baseline for comparisons among the other organisms being evaluated.

32) A cladistic analysis will group birds, crocodiles, and dinosaurs together among the reptiles because they share many ________ characters.

33) If you were studying a new disease and found that it was caused by a yeast, which kingdom would it belong to?

A) Fungi

B) Protista

C) Animalia

D) Archaea

E) Bacteria

34) Do all organisms fit equally well under the biological species concept? Explain.

35) You have collected prokaryotes from a hot spring. Upon analysis of the cell wall, you find polysaccharides and glycoproteins. You classify them in which kingdom?

A) Archaea

B) Bacteria

C) Plantae

D) Fungi

E) Protista

36) Why are donkeys and horses considered different species?

A) They have different life spans.

B) They look different.

C) Their offspring cannot successfully breed.

D) There are differences in their DNA.

E) There are differences in their RNA.

37) In the scientific name Homo sapiens, Homo indicates the ________ of the organism, while sapiens indicates its ________.

38) The evaluated group of organisms in a cladogram is called the ________.

39) Phylogenetic trees do a better job at explaining evolutionary history than cladograms.

40) You are viewing an organism under a microscope and performing different tests on it. You have placed it in the kingdom Protista because it (select all that apply)

A) has a flagella.

B) has a cell wall.

C) has chloroplasts.

D) undergoes conjugation.

E) does not have mitochondria.