Test Questions & Answers Evolution Of Animals Johnson Ch.18

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 18 Evolution of Animals

1) Which feature is not a characteristic of the animals?

A) multicellular

B) sexual reproduction

C) embryonic development

D) cell walls

E) heterotroph

2) The phylum of animals that lack symmetry and have no true tissues or organs is the

A) Cnidaria.

B) Porifera.

C) Mollusca.

D) Annelida.

E) Rotifera.

3) Cnidarians and ctenophorans have ________ symmetry.

4) Which term does not apply to solid worms, the platyhelminthes?

A) bilateral symmetry

B) acoelomate

C) mostly parasitic

D) notochord

E) digestive cavity

5) The type of body cavity seen in the roundworms that develops between mesoderm and endoderm layers is a

A) coelom.

B) pseudocoel.

C) mantle.

D) acoelom.

E) ectoderm.

6) Snails are classified with other ________, in the phylum Mollusca.

A) gastropods

B) bivalves

C) cephalopods

D) crustaceans

E) chordates

7) Segmentation first evolved in the

A) flatworms.

B) annelids.

C) chordates.

D) vertebrates.

E) sponges.

8) The first animal group to show extracellular digestion was the

A) sponges.

B) cnidarians.

C) flatworms.

D) roundworms.

E) mollusks.

9) The animal phylum that shows the greatest diversity, with the greatest number of species, is

A) Arthropoda.

B) Nematoda.

C) Chordata.

D) Mollusca.

E) Porifera.

10) If you were at a beach, and you found an organism with a water vascular system and an endoskeleton, you would classify it as a(n)

A) echinoderm.

B) arachnid.

C) crustacean.

D) flatworm.

E) sponge.

11) Octopus are classified with other ________, in the phylum Mollusca.

A) gastropods

B) bivalves

C) cephalopods

D) crustaceans

E) chordates

12) Which phylum contains organisms with body plans that can be divided into a head, thorax, and abdomen?

A) Arthropoda

B) Annelida

C) Mollusca

D) Nematoda

E) Porifera

13) In all coelomates, the coelom develops entirely within the

A) endoderm.

B) mesoderm.

C) ectoderm.

D) mesoglea.

E) pseudocoel.

14) The very first vertebrates were

A) cartilaginous fish.

B) fishes with jaws.

C) fishes without jaws.

D) bony fish.

E) fish without eyes.

15) The first vertebrates to live on land were

A) amphibians.

B) birds.

C) reptiles.

D) arthropods.

E) worms.

16) The type of fish represented by the most living species on earth today is the

A) sharks.

B) bony fishes.

C) rays and skates.

D) agnathans.

E) hagfish.

17) Amniotic eggs evolved as a means to

A) protect the embryo while the parent sits on the egg.

B) protect the embryo from predators.

C) allow the parent to leave the nest and gather food.

D) prevent the embryo from drying out.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

18) Many scientists consider birds to be "feathered dinosaurs."

19) The skeleton of sharks is made entirely of ________, making them fast and maneuverable swimmers.

A) bone

B) muscle

C) cartilage

D) cnidocytes

E) tendons

20) Reptiles first evolved about ________ million years ago.

A) 100

B) 65

C) 300

D) 1

E) 700

21) Bony fishes possess a swim bladder to

A) regulate oxygen concentrations in their blood.

B) cleanse the blood from toxins.

C) detect changes in water pressure.

D) pump water over the gills.

E) regulate their buoyancy.

22) Bony fishes possess a lateral line system to

A) regulate oxygen concentrations in their blood.

B) cleanse the blood from toxins.

C) detect changes in water pressure.

D) pump water over the gills.

E) regulate their buoyancy.

23) Bony fishes possess an operculum to

A) regulate oxygen concentrations in their blood.

B) cleanse the blood from toxins.

C) detect changes in water pressure.

D) pump water over the gills.

E) regulate their buoyancy.

24) All mammals have three middle-ear bones that evolved from

A) bones in the reptile jaw.

B) pharyngeal cartilage.

C) bones of the skull.

D) the eye sockets of reptiles.

E) the gills of fish.

25) Whales and dolphins have a few hairs on their snouts.

26) Which human ancestor was known as the "handy man"?

A) Australopithecus afarensis

B) Australopithecus anamensis

C) Homo habilis

D) Homo erectus

E) Homo neaderthalensis

27) The type of cleavage seen in deuterostomes is called ________ cleavage.

28) Body planes that can be divided into a right and left half show ________ symmetry.

29) Bony fishes have a sensory system located along the sides of their bodies called the ________ ________ system.

30) Bony fishes evolved a ________ ________ to help keep them afloat.

31) Monotremes, marsupials, and ________ mammals are the three main groups of modern mammals.

32) The milk-producing glands of mammals are called ________ glands.

33) The flagellated cells in sponges, called ________, draw water through the sponge, allowing the sponge to filter-feed.

34) The three distinct cell layers that form in an embryo are the ectoderm, ________, and ________.

35) ________ ________ is the scientific name of the modern human.

36) Hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones, and coral are all members of a phylum of animals called ________.

37) Cnidarians have two basic body forms, the medusa and the ________.

38) The phylum Platyhelminthes includes acoelomates called ________, which can be free-living or parasitic.

39) Coelomate animals, in the phylum ________, include the snails and slugs, the bivalves, and the octopuses.

40) Cnidarians have special stinging cells called ________ that contain small but powerful harpoons called ________.

41) Chordates are characterized by having a dorsal, flexible supportive rod called a ________.

42) The key evolutionary development seen for the first time in the sponges is that of

A) a complete digestive tract.

B) major organ systems.

C) body symmetry.

D) multicellularity.

E) true tissues.

43) Bilateral symmetry allowed for the evolution of

A) choanocytes.

B) a gastrovascular cavity.

C) a definite head region.

D) tissues.

E) organ systems.

44) Most arthropods cannot grow to a very large size because

A) they lack a skeleton.

B) jointed appendages impose size limitations.

C) their ability to move is limited.

D) chitin is brittle and cannot support great weight.

E) they lack cartilage.

45) Animals in which the anus forms near the blastopore and the mouth forms as part of the blastula are called

A) coelomic.

B) protostomes.

C) deuterostomes.

D) pseudocoelomates.

E) acoelomates.

46) Members of which group are not deuterostomes?

A) Chordates

B) Vertebrates

C) Echinoderms

D) Arthropods

E) All of these animals are considered deuterostomes.

47) Chordates can be characterized as having

A) a notochord.

B) a nerve cord.

C) pharyngeal pouches.

D) a postanal tail.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

48) In vertebrates, the function of the notochord is replaced by the

A) brain.

B) spinal cord.

C) vertebral column.

D) ribs.

E) neck.

49) Free-living flatworms, found in the phylum Platyhelminthes,

A) have a brain.

B) have a highly branched gut.

C) lack a digestive system and absorb their food through their body walls.

D) can feed continuously.

E) have a circulatory system.

50) Almost all of today's groups of animals evolved from marine creatures alive at the beginning of the

A) Cenozoic era.

B) Precambrian time.

C) Jurassic period.

D) Paleozoic era.

E) Mesoarchean era.

51) Choose the largest block of time.

A) era

B) epoch

C) period

D) age

E) annual

52) Which of the following features assisted amphibians' migration to land?

A) legs

B) circulatory system with and a heart

C) cutaneous respiration

D) lungs

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

53) Reptiles are better adapted to land than amphibians because they have

A) amniotic eggs.

B) jaws.

C) lungs.

D) legs.

E) a circulatory system.

54) Mammals that have live births but continue to incubate newborns in a pouch are

A) monotremes.

B) marsupials.

C) primates.

D) placentals.

E) fish.

55) Most modern mammals are

A) marsupials.

B) monotremes.

C) placental mammals.

D) monotremes and marsupials.

E) equally represented by monotremes, placental mammals, and marsupials.

56) To which order do salamanders and newts belong?

A) Apoda

B) Urodela

C) Anura

D) Osteichthyes

E) Monotremata

F) Mammalia

57) Which of the following is the correct evolutionary sequence?

A) fish → birds → amphibians → reptiles

B) amphibians → fish → reptiles → birds

C) reptiles → birds → fish → amphibians

D) fish → amphibians → reptiles → birds

E) birds → reptiles → fish → amphibians

58) The first type of symmetry to develop in animals is called ________ and is observed in the cnidarians.

A) bilateral symmetry

B) radial symmetry

C) contralateral symmetry

D) medial symmetry

E) multi-plane symmetry

59) The first humans evolved from more primitive hominid, ________, about 2 million years ago.

A) H. erectus

B) Neanderthals

C) Australopithecus

D) H. sapiens

E) H. heidelbergensis

60) Modern Homo sapiens arose where?

A) Europe, the Neander Valley

B) Asia

C) North America

D) Africa

E) South America

61) Animals with the kind of body cavity that forms between the endoderm and mesoderm, such as nematodes, are called

A) acoelomates.

B) pseudocoelomates.

C) coelomates.

D) semicoelomates.

E) endocoelomates.

62) Homo habilis differed from Australopithecus in

A) stature.

B) having legs longer than arms.

C) skeletal structure.

D) brain volume.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

63) If you were asked to describe Neanderthals, which of the following would you not provide?

A) They made diverse tools.

B) They abruptly disappeared from the fossil record about 34,000 years ago.

C) They likely interbred with the modern humans that replaced them.

D) They spread across Siberia to North America.

E) They had a more powerful build than modern humans.

64) Which species of human survived longer than any other species of human?

A) Homo erectus

B) Homo sapiens

C) Homo habilis

D) Homo neaderthalensis

E) Homo ergaster

65) About 300 million years ago, amphibians gave rise to a more successful group of land dwellers, the ________.

66) Fish breathe using ________, while reptiles breathe using ________.

67) Cnidarians have two body forms. The free-floating form is called the ________, and the attached form is called the ________.

68) The ________ made diverse tools, including spearheads and hand axes, lived in huts or caves, and were the closest evolutionary relatives of modern humans.

69) Nematodes and arthropods grow by shedding their cuticle or exoskeleton through a process called ________.

70) The continent of origin for Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens is believed to be ________.

71) If you were looking in a tidal pool, and you found an organism with a water vascular system and an endoskeleton, you have found an example of what?

A) Echinoderm

B) Arachnid

C) Crustacean

D) Platyhelminthe

E) Arthropod

72) Cnidarians

A) exist as medusae and/or polyps.

B) exhibit extracellular digestion.

C) have medusa, called jellyfish.

D) exhibit radial symmetry.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

73) If you were asked to group lobsters with other organisms, you would place them with other

A) cnidarians.

B) annelids.

C) arthropods.

D) echinoderms.

E) platyhelminthes.

74) If you were making a list of characteristics found among members of the phylum Echinodermata, which of the following would not be included?

A) They are deuterostomes.

B) They have spiny plates.

C) They have simple reproductive organs.

D) They move through a water vascular system.

E) They have a complete nervous system.

75) The ________ of snails is used to scrape food from rocks.

A) gills

B) mantle

C) radula

D) nephridium

E) foot

76) If you were cleaning up after lab and had to put away the sand dollars and sea stars, you would look for a drawer marked with the phylum

A) Cnidaria.

B) Nematoda.

C) Mollusca.

D) Echinodermata.

E) Arthropoda.

77) You went scuba diving and brought back to the lab an animal that has a true coelom and is a deuterostome. What animal could this be?

A) octopus

B) sea anemone

C) marine flatworm

D) sea urchin

E) jellyfish

78) In which of the following would you find three middle-ear bones?

A) lizards

B) dogs

C) alligators

D) crocodiles

E) turtles

79) Birds have

A) thin, hollow bones.

B) large breast muscles.

C) fused collarbones.

D) feathers derived from reptilian scales.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

80) The evolution of the ________ ________ allowed for the development of organ systems in animals.