Chapter 19 Exam Questions Populations And Communities

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 19 Populations and Communities

1) As an indicator of how a population might be using its resources, ecologists will determine population ________, which is the number of individuals that are in a given unit area.

A) density

B) abundance

C) distribution

D) size

E) threshold

2) From the following list, choose the characteristic that favors K-selected adaptations.

A) short life span

B) high mortality rate

C) little to no parental care

D) late age of first reproduction

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

3) What type of survivorship curve is observed in many oyster species?

A) type I

B) type II

C) type III

D) type IV

E) None of the answer choices are correct.

4) The entire niche that organisms can actually occupy is called the ________ niche.

A) character

B) realized

C) fundamental

D) expansion

E) selected

5) Through experiments conducted by Gause in the 1930s with Paramecium, he formulated what is now called the principle of

A) exploitative competition.

B) interference competition.

C) competitive exclusion.

D) fundamental competition.

E) fundamental exclusion.

6) ________ is the interaction between two organisms that are attempting to utilize the same resources in a niche.

A) Competition

B) Predation

C) Symbiosis

D) Commensalism

E) Acclimation

7) Two factors that appear to be regulating the population of snowshoe hares are

A) intraspecific competition and predators.

B) food plants and predators.

C) predators and succession.

D) food plants and symbioses.

E) intraspecific competition and symbioses.

8) If a plant species grows where no life existed before, this is the first stage of

A) primary succession.

B) pioneering succession.

C) biotic creation.

D) biotic potential.

E) secondary succession.

9) If you were creating a list of characteristics that described an r-selected population, which of the following would not be included?

A) short life span

B) no parental care

C) larger-sized offspring

D) early age of reproduction

E) many offspring produced

10) When a pistol shrimp defends the coral in which it lives, the relationship between the two is called

A) mutualism.

B) predation.

C) commensalism.

D) parasitism.

E) mimicry.

11) A measure of the number of individuals within a population per unit area is called population

A) distribution.

B) density.

C) range.

D) size.

E) concentration.

12) Ecology is the study of

A) how animals behave and how those behaviors evolved.

B) how living and nonliving components cycle through ecosystems.

C) the diversity of life.

D) interactions of organisms with each other and with their habitat.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

13) An area consisting of different species that live together is called a(n)

A) biome.

B) ecosystem.

C) community.

D) species.

E) biosphere.

14) ________ is defined as the percentage of the original population that survives at a given age.

15) Factors that effect a population regardless of its size, and regulate the growth of the population, are called ________ effects.

16) The long-term, mutual evolutionary adjustment of two or more species to each other is called ________.

17) The biological role an organism plays within its ecosystem is called its ________.

18) The most important things to understand about a population are range, density, distribution, size, and growth.

19) Which of the following is an example of a density-independent effect?

A) migration

B) competition for food

C) aggression

D) flooding

E) hormonal changes

20) Oxpeckers are birds that eat ticks off of grazing animals. Because the bird obtains nutrients from the ticks, and the grazing animals are freed of parasites, this is an example of a ________ relationship.

A) parasitic

B) commensalistic

C) mutualistic

D) predator-prey

E) coevolution

21) Lice and their relationship with mammals is an example of what type of symbiosis?

A) parasitism

B) commensalism

C) mutualism

D) succession

E) coevolution

22) When a population approaches its carrying capacity, there is an increased competition for

A) food.

B) shelter.

C) mating sites.

D) light.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

23) In true commensalism, both partners benefit.

24) When a lion competes with a zebra for water it is an example of interspecific competition.

25) In what manner does predation reduce competition?

26) You introduce fruit flies into a container full of their favorite food and provide lots of space for mating and laying eggs. However, you do not replenish the food supply. You would expect to see what kind of growth in the population?

A) explosive

B) sigmoid

C) logistic

D) exponential

E) linear

27) Which of the following is an example of a predator-prey relationship?

A) barnacles on whales

B) pistol shrimp and coral

C) whales grazing on plankton

D) fungi and plants in mycorrhizae

E) lion feeding her cubs

28) If you bought an old corn field, cleared the land, and let nature take its course, ________ succession would occur.

A) primary

B) secondary

C) biome

D) prairie

E) population

29) You are observing population growth of 10 moths over time. Your first count is 20 moths, a few months later it is 40 moths, and then 80 moths. Eventually, the number starts to level out. You are studying a ________ growth model.

30) Which of the following best describes a community?

A) all of the organisms plus the nonliving habitat

B) living organisms and soil

C) the dominant organisms in an area

D) all of the organisms in an area

E) one particular group of organisms able to breed together

31) Parasitism relationship is when both organisms involved are harmed.

32) The three types of survivorship curves are idealized situations. What type of curve probably happens more frequently in nature?

33) Which organism is more likely to go extinct—one with a specialized, narrow niche or one with a broad, generalized niche? Explain your answer.

34) Elephants have one offspring at a time. After which, if the baby survives its early years, it can live for a very long time. This is an example of which type of survivorship curve?

A) type I

B) type II

C) type III

D) type IV

E) None of the answer choices are correct.

35) You are observing how multiple populations interact with each other as well as the nonliving elements. You are observing a(n)

A) biome.

B) ecosystem.

C) community.

D) species.

E) biosphere.

36) In a fishery environment, harvesting should occur early in the sigmoidal curve to have maximal sustainable yield.

37) ________ is a statistical study that helps determine how a population size will change in the future.

38) The idea that communities are only different populations of species that coexist with one another is called the ________ concept.

39) The holisitc concept of a community indicates that all populations within a community work together and depend on each other.

40) The place or area where an organism lives is called its ________.

41) Competition is the interaction between two organisms. When it occurs between organisms of the same species it is called ________ competition, and when it occurs between different species it is called ________ competition.

42) There are 11 lakes in New York collectively called the Finger Lakes. These lakes were formed by glaciers which indicate they are an example of ________ succession.

A) primary

B) secondary

C) biome

D) prairie

E) population