Verified Test Bank Ch24 Nation-States and Their Empires,

Smith test bank: Chapter 24

How did some states transform themselves into modern nations?

1. A nation differs from a __________ in that it is not the personal domain of a monarch, who sees people as subjects to be ruled, not as citizens demanding the rule of law and involvement in government.
   1. country
   2. kingdom
   3. city-state
   4. nation-state

(p. 878)

1. Latin American nation-building was
   1. complex and often difficult
   2. straightforward
   3. never really completed
   4. accomplished upon the departure of the Spanish

(p. 878)

1. Most Latin American nations were shaped in large part by
   1. the peasants and ex-slaves
   2. urban merchants
   3. the kings of the post-colonial era
   4. powerful landowners in the countryside

(p. 880)

1. In the first half of the 19^th century, _____________ was fast becoming known as “the sick man of Europe” because of its administrative weakness.
   1. Russia
   2. France
   3. the Holy Roman Empire
   4. the Ottoman Empire

(p. 881-882)

1. Defeat in the ______________ forced the authoritarian Russian state to embark on long-overdue reforms.
   1. Crimean War
   2. Napoleonic Wars
   3. First World War
   4. Seven Years’ War

(p. 882)

1. Each liberated Russian serf lived in a community called a mir, which received allocations of ______ from the state for which they had to reimburse the government.
   1. food
   2. textiles, housewares, and other consumer goods
   3. land
   4. seed and farming equipment

(p. 884)

1. Youthful defiance in Russia soon fueled assassinations, including that of ___________ in 1881.
   1. author Ivan Turgenev
   2. Tsar Alexander II
   3. Tsar Nicholas II
   4. reformer Alexander Nikitenko

(p. 885)

1. Prussia’s series swift, victorious wars against Denmark, Austria, and finally France in 1870 under the leadership of Otto von Bismarck persuaded the individual German states to
   1. unify under Prussia’s leadership
   2. align themselves with Austria
   3. join together in a war against Prussia
   4. look to Britain for aid

(p. 886)

1. In the 1820s the state of Georgia drove the ____________ westward along the “Trail of Tears” in order to gain their land.
   1. Crow
   2. Sioux
   3. Cherokee
   4. Apache

(p. 888)

1. The Japanese government’s plan to combine “Western science and Eastern values,” offering both innovation and restoration, was known as the
   1. Meiji Revolution
   2. Meiji Restoration
   3. Tokugawa Shogunate
   4. Daimyo Restoration

(p. 889)

What motivated the imperialists, and how did they impose their control over other nations?

1. For many in the 19^th century, _________ was an almost saintly undertaking, bringing civilization to the uncivilized.
   1. industrialization
   2. commercialism
   3. mercantilism
   4. imperialism

(p. 890)

1. The Spanish and Portuguese Empires had based their superiority over the indigenous Americans on their Catholic faith; in the second half of the nineteenth century, imperialists based their superiority on
   1. their acceptance of the gospels of Jesus Christ
   2. “scientific” theories of race
   3. superior technical skill
   4. their mastery of the machine

(p. 891)

1. The initial spark for the Indian Uprising of 1857 was
   1. a rumor among Indian troops that the new rifles they were to use had cartridges greased with cow and pig fat
   2. efforts by the East India Company to impose Christianity on the Indian troops in their service
   3. the refusal by Rani (Queen) Lakshmibai, widow of the ruler of the state of Jhansi in central India, to hand her lands over to the East India Company
   4. the foundation of the Indian National Congress

(p. 891)

1. In 1887 France combined the ancient states of Cambodia, Tonkin, Annam, and Cochin China into
   1. the Union of Indochina
   2. Vietnam
   3. the Union of Cambodia
   4. Indonesia

(p. 893)

1. High interest loans from European lenders to Egyptian businessmen and government officials provided a pretext for _________ to invade Egypt in 1882.
   1. France
   2. Germany
   3. Belgium
   4. Britain

(p. 894-896)

1. The scramble for Africa intensified tensions among the imperial powers, leading to the _______________ in 1884.
   1. Berlin Conference
   2. invasion of Egypt
   3. Boer War
   4. start of the Suez Canal construction

(p. 896)

1. The Japanese Meiji government entered the imperial fray by invading
   1. the Chinese island of Formosa
   2. Korea
   3. Manchuria
   4. Vietnam

(p. 896)

How did nations and empires change lives and livelihoods around the world?

1. Nain Singh, principal of a school in the Himalayas, ended up a(n)
   1. magnate in the shipping and mining business
   2. official of the Thai government
   3. British spy
   4. tax collector for the British

(p. 898)

1. Europeans forced native peoples to work for them by
   1. threatening them with violence
   2. confiscating land and demanding tax and other payments in cash
   3. passing new laws requiring it
   4. forcing women into prostitution unless their male relatives complied

(p. 899)

1. The 1907 German massacred of East Africans was in response to the East Africans’
   1. protest of conditions around ports that favored European merchants
   2. work slowdowns
   3. smuggling operations
   4. refusal to pay taxes

(p. 899)

1. State-approved riots in which Russian mobs brutally attacked Jewish communities, destroyed homes and businesses and even murdered Jews were called
   1. pogroms
   2. diasporas
   3. daimyo
   4. realpolitik

(p. 902)

1. Once established in their new countries, migrants
   1. were largely cut off from their home countries
   2. frequently sent money back home
   3. had no way to stay in touch with their families at home
   4. frequently prospered, no longer having to support anyone but themselves

(p. 902)

1. The number of women performers in Calcutta declined drastically, from over seventeen thousand in the 1870s to three thousand in 1890, because of
   1. migration out of India
   2. the acceptance by Calcutta’s elite of British norms around women’s behavior
   3. devastating famine that affected Calcutta
   4. the spread of Christianity among Calcutta’s lower classes

(p. 903)

1. In West Africa, the French allowed Islam to flourish in exchange for
   1. timely payment of taxes
   2. payment from religious leaders
   3. religious leaders preaching accommodation to French rule
   4. religious leaders identifying potential revolutionaries and other troublemakers

(p. 903)

1. The ability to consider and often integrate different cultural traditions is called
   1. imperialism
   2. colonialism
   3. cosmopolitanism
   4. globalization

(p. 904)

1. __________ mandated universal education so that there would be “no community with an illiterate family nor a family with an illiterate person.”
   1. China
   2. Brazil
   3. Germany
   4. Japan

(p. 906-907)

1. Russia required new parts of the empire to adopt the Russian language and Russian Orthodox Church. When this prompted resistance, Russia
   1. showed some leniency to encourage continued acceptance of the nation-state among conquered subjects
   2. instituted pogroms
   3. reinstituted serfdom
   4. moved resistance leaders to Siberia

(p. 908)

Which groups were excluded from full participation in the nation-state, and why?

1. Almost half of Peru’s national income came from
   1. the indentured servitude of the country’s Indians
   2. a special tax paid only by the country’s Indians
   3. the sale of Indian land
   4. forced labor of the country’s Indians during the agricultural off-season

(p. 909)

1. Juan Manuel de Rosas created unity in Brazil by
   1. incorporating people of African and Native American ancestry into his armies and promoting them to high ranks
   2. removing racial and ethnic identities from citizens’ identification cards
   3. encouraging distrust of racial and ethnic groups outside Brazil
   4. granting equal rights to women

(p. 909-910)

1. The most militant of suffrage movements arose in the early 20^th century in
   1. England
   2. the United States
   3. France
   4. Japan

(p. 910)