Test Bank Answers Ch23 Industry and Everyday Life, 1750-1900

Smith test bank: Chapter 23

What were the main causes of the Industrial Revolution?

1. Industrialization took place amid a worldwide surge in productive activity sometimes called the
   1. Industrious Revolution
   2. Glorious Revolution
   3. Industrial Revolution
   4. Productive Revolution

(p. 841)

1. The massive expansion in productivity in Britain was initially about
   1. theoretical science
   2. Britain’s practical culture of trial and error
   3. the coal, iron deposits, and other resources that went into creating the first modern machines
   4. abundant manpower as a result of lengthening lifespans

(p. 842)

1. Which of the following were NOT critical to the Industrial Revolution and urban growth?
   1. global trade networks
   2. raw materials produced by workers from around the world
   3. technology
   4. a warming climate

(p. 844-845)

1. The _____________ allowed an individual worker, using just the power of her hand, to spin not one bobbin of thread, but up to 120 at once.
   1. flying shuttle
   2. water frame
   3. cotton gin
   4. spinning jenny

(p. 845)

1. The world’s first factories arose from the pressure to increase production of English
   1. cloth
   2. iron
   3. steel
   4. porcelain

(p. 845)

1. Steam engines were used first in
   1. the gold and silver mining industry
   2. textile production
   3. driving trains
   4. driving steamboats

(p. 845)

How did industrialization spread, and what steps did nations and manufacturers take to meet its challenges?

1. In 1885 the German engineer ________ devised the gasoline engine.
   1. Karl Marx
   2. Armand Peugeot
   3. Karl Benz
   4. James Watt

(p. 846)

1. In the first period of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, innovations in ______________________ predominated.
   1. heavy industrial products driven by electrical and oil power
   2. textile machinery powered by steam energy
   3. agricultural machinery powered by coal
   4. heavy industrial products powered by steam energy

(p. 847)

1. Especially outside Britain, livelihoods pursued at home, called ___________, persisted during the Industrial Revolution in garment making, metalwork, and such “finishing trades” as metal polishing.
   1. outwork
   2. homework
   3. finishing work
   4. piecemeal work

(p. 847)

1. The United States industrialized rapidly after ___________ ended.
   1. the War of 1812
   2. its Civil War
   3. its Revolutionary War
   4. its westward expansion

(p. 850)

1. In the later 19^th century, two countries began to surpass Britain in research, technical education, innovation, and growth rates:
   1. the United States and Japan
   2. France and Mexico
   3. Brazil and Germany
   4. Germany and the United States

(p. 850)

1. Japan sent delegations to Europe and the United States with the goal of
   1. opening up trading relations
   2. luring Western investors
   3. learning the strengths of the Western industrial arts
   4. acquiring firearms

(p. 851)

1. One reason for the recession of the 1870s was the
   1. drying up of South American silver sources
   2. relative expense of building textile mills
   3. skyrocketing start-up costs of new enterprises
   4. rising price of food

(p. 853)

1. In response to the recession of the 1870s, many governments, especially those in South America,
   1. imposed tariffs on imported agricultural and manufactured goods
   2. instituted price controls on domestic goods
   3. banned imports
   4. raised interest rates

(p. 853)

1. _______________ financed the growth of industry by selling shares or part ownership in companies to individuals.
   1. cartels
   2. stock markets
   3. limited liability corporations
   4. guilds

(p. 854)

1. The development of consumer capitalism helped to remedy the under consumption of manufactured goods at the heart of the recession through the new institution of the
   1. mall
   2. department store
   3. general store
   4. cartel

(p. 854)

How did industrialization affect societies in China, South and West Asia, and Africa?

1. Other nations in the early nineteenth century were often unwilling to trade with Europe, which was widely seen as
   1. a source of inferior goods
   2. an unfair trading partner
   3. too demanding in regard to the quality of traded items
   4. a source of counterfeit goods

(p. 855)

1. Britain sought to correct its _________-driven trade imbalance with China by smuggling opium into the country.
   1. steel
   2. porcelain
   3. silk
   4. tea

(p. 857)

1. To most Chinese, economic distress was evidence that
   1. the gods were displeased with them
   2. they were being left behind by European advances
   3. they owed their unwavering support to the emperor
   4. their rulers had lost “the Mandate of Heaven”

(p. 858)

1. The ruler of Egypt, Muhammad Ali, eventually
   1. required all male Egyptians to serve in his army
   2. barred factory production to protect home-based industries
   3. exempted workers in silk factories from service in the army
   4. taxed factory production at a much higher rate

(p. 859)

How did industrialization affect people’s everyday lives and livelihoods?

1. Before the Industrial Revolution, __________ around the world had formed a middle class.
   1. factory owners
   2. peasants
   3. traders
   4. aristocrats

(p. 862)

1. As the Industrial Revolution progressed, middle-class women lived what historians term a “cult of domesticity” that signaled a family’s
   1. prosperity
   2. sophistication
   3. religiosity
   4. breeding

(p. 862)

1. Initially, many industrial workers, whether in the United States, Japan, Britain, or Argentina, were
   1. young, able-bodied men
   2. young, unmarried women
   3. older women
   4. children

(p. 863)

1. The strict discipline industrialists hoped to impose was sometimes undermined by
   1. a lack of accurate watches
   2. drunkenness
   3. unreliable public transportation systems
   4. worker protests

(p. 865)

How did writers and artists respond to the new industrial world?

1. The French and British thinkers who believed that the rational calculation and technological progress that had produced industry could be used to create a perfect society were called the
   1. materialists
   2. scientific socialists
   3. utopian socialists
   4. utopian capitalists

(p. 867)

1. According to Marx, the cause of inequality between classes was
   1. conflict between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie
   2. bourgeoisie ownership of the modes of production
   3. racial prejudice
   4. the owners’ control of the means of production

(p. 867)

1. According to Marx, the only function of a state was to
   1. protect wealthy people’s property
   2. protect people from each other
   3. ensure the integrity of its borders
   4. collect taxes

(p. 868)

What contributions did African women agricultural workers make to industrial development?

1. In Africa, slave ownership was
   1. limited to free women
   2. open to free and enslaved women
   3. prohibited for women
   4. permitted only for married free women

(p. 869)

1. Landowners in South Carolina and Georgia prized West African slave women because of their knowledge of
   1. rice cultivation
   2. sorghum cultivation
   3. cotton cultivation
   4. textile weaving

(p. 870)

1. The main advantage of African “red” rice, in the eyes of Thomas Jefferson, was that it
   1. was more nutritious than Asian varieties
   2. was better suited to the American climate
   3. was easier to grow
   4. could be grown outside of swamps

(p. 870)