Exam Questions Ch.26 Great Depression & World War II

Smith test bank: Chapter 26

What was the global impact of both the Great Depression and the attempts to overcome it?

1. The Great Depression was sparked when the Federal Reserve Bank
   1. tightened the availability of credit in an attempt to stabilize the market
   2. demanded that clients repay money they had borrowed
   3. sold stock to repay its debts
   4. repaid loans ahead of schedule

(p. 958)

1. The collapse of the U.S. stock market triggered a global depression because
   1. the U.S. had financed postwar economic growth by lending money for business development around the world
   2. the stock market is a global institution
   3. foreign governments had made major investments in the U.S. stock market
   4. it prompted the adoption of mercantilist policies in the U.S.

(p. 958)

1. Even prior to the Great Depression, times were tough for farmers because of
   1. falling productivity
   2. falling prices
   3. rising cost of seed and fertilizer
   4. reduced demand

(p. 958)

1. One solution to the Great Depression attempted by the imperial powers was to
   1. cut loose their colonies, leaving them to fend for themselves
   2. increase taxes in their colonies
   3. seek to acquire new colonies
   4. move their colonies’ currencies off the gold standard

(p. 959)

1. During the Great Depression, Communist parties flourished in the Chinese countryside, Indochina, the United States, Latin America, and across Europe, because they promised
   1. a universal basic income
   2. food and healthcare for all
   3. equal representation in government
   4. to end joblessness and exploitation

(p. 960)

1. Which was NOT a source of inspiration in colonial people’s increasing efforts to overthrow colonial control in the 1930s?
   1. bitter experiences under imperial control and the Great Depression
   2. the example of Japan’s rising power
   3. South Africa’s successful independence movement
   4. their own industrial development

(p. 961)

How did dictatorships and democracies attempt to mobilize the masses?

1. Highly centralized systems of government that attempt to control society and ensure obedience through a single party and police terror are described by the term
   1. communism
   2. fascism
   3. totalitarianism
   4. Nazism

(p. 962)

1. Under the regimes of Mussolini, Stalin, and Hitler, the key to national and economic recovery was believed to be
   1. unity and soldier-like obedience
   2. individual rights
   3. ensuring a basic income for all
   4. open debate

(p. 962)

1. Stalin’s a policy of government direction of the economy was called
   1. the five year plan
   2. totalitarianism
   3. the “liquidation of the kulaks”
   4. central economic planning

(p. 962)

1. The Communist experiment with collective farming resulted in
   1. increased efficiency and production
   2. the policy known as the “liquidation of the kulaks”
   3. the murder of independent farmers
   4. mass starvation

(p. 963)

1. Japanese military leaders’ solution to the Great Depression was to
   1. conquer nearby regions to provide new farmlands and create markets
   2. depose the emperor
   3. deport all Chinese and Korean immigrants
   4. institute mandatory military service for all Japanese men

(p. 964)

1. Japan justified their invasion of Manchuria by
   1. claiming that the Chinese were the cause of a devastating earthquake that killed more than 150,000 Japanese
   2. insisting that Jiang Jieshi’s New Life Movement was an outpost of European fascism that had to be stopped
   3. installing a puppet government in Manchuria that then called for Japanese aid in driving out the Chinese
   4. blowing up a Japanese-owned train there and framing the Chinese for the bombing

(p. 965)

1. The Nazis began to outstrip their rivals in elections
   1. with the publication of Hitler’s book Mein Kampf
   2. when Hitler began holding rallies
   3. after the Great Depression struck Germany
   4. when the economy began to improve after the Depression

(p. 967)

1. Germany’s the Enabling Act
   1. deprived Jews of citizenship and prohibited marriage between Jews and other Germans
   2. suspended the constitution for four years and allowed Nazi laws to take effect without parliamentary approval
   3. stimulated the economy by investing in public works projects such as constructing tanks, airplanes, and highways
   4. encouraged Aryans to have children by providing loans to Aryan newlyweds, but only if the wife left the workforce

(p. 968)

1. Under the Nazis, obtaining abortions or birth-control information was
   1. difficult for Aryan women, but readily available for Jews
   2. difficult for married women, but readily available to single women
   3. difficult for Jewish women, but readily available for Aryans
   4. all but impossible

(p. 968)

1. In 1938, a Jewish teenager, reacting to the harassment of his parents, killed a German official, prompting
   1. the night of anti-Jewish rioting known as Kristallnacht
   2. the passage of laws depriving Jews of citizenship and prohibiting marriage between Jews and other Germans
   3. the construction of the first concentration camp, at Dachau
   4. the suspension of the German constitution

(p. 969)

How did World War II progress on the battlefield and the home front?

1. Hitler aimed for further Lebensraum, or _____________, for the Aryan people.
   1. dignity
   2. power
   3. living space
   4. economic control

(p. 971-972)

1. In response to the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1936, the League of Nations
   1. threatened war
   2. issued a formal rebuke
   3. did nothing
   4. imposed sanctions

(p. 972)

1. The Nazi-Soviet Pact between Germany and the USSR provided that
   1. if one country became embroiled in war, the other country would come to its aid
   2. if one country became embroiled in war, the other country would remain neutral
   3. if one country were invaded, the other country would come to its defense, but not assist with any offensive military campaigns
   4. neither country would attack or invade the other

(p. 975)

1. Nazi soldiers along Soviet lines were unprepared for the onset of Russian winter because
   1. Germany lacked the resources by that point in the war
   2. Hitler feared that equipping his army for Russian conditions would suggest to civilians that a long war lay in store
   3. Hitler was overconfident about the speed with which his armies would conquer Russia
   4. German scientists predicted a mild winter that year

(p. 975)

1. Some three to seven million Bengali civilians died of starvation after
   1. the Japanese blockaded the port
   2. Axis attacks foiled food aid missions from Canada and Australia
   3. the departure of so many workers to the front lines resulted in a massive drop in agricultural production
   4. the British withdrew all shipping from Bengali ports to prevent Japanese access to Indian resources

(p. 983)

How did the Allied victory unfold, and what were the causes of that victory?

1. The Big Three of World War II were
   1. Hitler, Mussolini, and Hirohito
   2. Chamberlain, Roosevelt, and Stalin
   3. Hitler, Tojo, and Mussolini
   4. Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt

(p. 984)

1. The turning point for the war in Europe was
   1. the Battle of Stalingrad
   2. the assassination of Mussolini
   3. the Battle of Britain
   4. the defeat of Rommel in North Africa

(p. 984)

1. Germany’s Rommel was defeated in North Africa when he was unable to overcome
   1. the new mobile warfare of the Allies
   2. the Allies new weapon, the atom bomb
   3. the Allies nimble tanks, which could move hundreds of miles from supply lines
   4. Allied access to secret German communication codes

(p. 984)

1. World War II left an estimated _____________ people dead.
   1. 10 million
   2. 50 million
   3. 100 million
   4. 200 million

(p. 985)

1. At the end of the war, Stalin saw the world as
   1. his for the taking
   2. a threat to his carefully tuned propaganda machine
   3. hostile to the USSR
   4. ready to accept communism

(p. 986)

1. The United Nations charter was
   1. signed alongside the formal surrender of Germany
   2. signed by representatives from fifty countries before the war was even over
   3. prepared by delegates from the United States, Britain, the USSR, and China during the war but not shared with the world until both Germany and Japan had surrendered
   4. never formally ratified

(p. 986)

In what ways did peace movements serve as a countertrend to events in the period from 1929 to 1945?

1. A tactic used by Nigerian women in 1929 to protest a new tax levied by the British was
   1. a work stoppage
   2. to paint their bodies and sang and dance in the nude outside the homes of local tax collectors
   3. a protest march, inspired by Gandhi’s Salt March
   4. to burn the palm products that were being taxed in a public square

(p. 988)

1. The Salt March led by Gandhi was so-named because
   1. of the salty tears shed by the oppressed Indian subjects of the British Empire
   2. it was intended to end the British ban on salt
   3. it broke the British a monopoly on salt
   4. of a British misunderstanding of Gandhi’s name for his strategy, Satyagraha

(p. 988)

1. Gandhi saw his nonviolent tactics as
   1. disciplined
   2. passive
   3. ineffective
   4. militaristic

(p. 988)