Test Questions & Answers Ch25 Mass Society and Wars

Smith test bank: Chapter 25

What were the main issues in the contests over empire, and what were the results of these contests?

1. Soon after the British annexation, the government of South Africa
   1. instituted apartheid
   2. herded remaining Boers into concentration camps
   3. Cecil Rhodes launched a raid on the colony
   4. declared itself independent

(p. 918)

1. The destruction of the Russian naval fleet in 1905 by Japan stunned the world because
   1. it was Japan’s first naval battle
   2. it was the first victory by a non-European nation over a European great power in the modern age
   3. Russia was acknowledged as the world’s foremost naval power
   4. Japan lacked canon on their ships

(p. 918)

1. After the Boxer Rebellion was crushed by seven imperial powers, China
   1. was divvied up among the seven nations and colonized
   2. saw rising support for the Dowager Empress Cixi, who represented a return to China’s glorious past
   3. faced foreign military occupation and payment of a huge indemnity
   4. was annexed by Russia

(p. 920)

1. The Young Turks’ success in seizing control of the Ottoman government in Istanbul inspired copycat movements; the Young Turks
   1. fully supported these movements in Egypt, Syria, and the Balkans
   2. supported these movements in Egypt and the Balkans, but not the closer-to-home Syria
   3. permitted local dissidents to attempt their own rebellions, but offered no aid
   4. brutally opposed these movements in Egypt, Syria, and the Balkans

(p. 921)

1. In India, Hindu leader B. G. Tilak advocated
   1. assassination of British leaders
   2. gradual change
   3. noncooperation with the British
   4. distrust of India’s Muslim population

(p. 921)

What factors contributed to the wars of the early twentieth century?

1. In the Mexican Revolution, peasants were motivated by a desire for
   1. land reform
   2. fairer taxation
   3. a more open political system
   4. the rule of law

(p. 922)

1. The Qing dynasty in China was thoroughly discredited in the eyes of its people by
   1. its defeat in the Sino-Japanese War and by the Boxer Rebellion
   2. the fact that a woman sat at its head
   3. its inability to cope with administering its enormous empire
   4. its insistence on modernization and abandonment of tradition

(p. 922)

1. The result of the First Balkan War, in 1912, was to sever ______________ from the Ottomans.
   1. Serbia and Bulgaria
   2. Greece and Montenegro
   3. Bulgaria and Albania
   4. Macedonia and Albania

(p. 923)

1. In response to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the Habsburgs
   1. immediately attacked Serbia
   2. entered into a military alliance with Germany
   3. issued Serbia a stern ultimatum
   4. attempted to provoke Serbia into launching a military assault

(p. 923)

1. In 1915, Italy switched sides in World War I
   1. when a rebellion in Rome put control of the government in new hands
   2. after suffering major losses in battle caused them to lose faith in their allies
   3. after being promised territory in Africa, Anatolia, and the Balkans if the Central Powers won
   4. after being promised territory in Africa, Anatolia, and the Balkans if the Allies won

(p. 925)

1. Officers on both sides of World War I were guided by the outdated strategy known as the
   1. Schlieffen Plan
   2. cult of the offensive
   3. Gallipoli Plan
   4. total war

(p. 925)

1. The vital involvement of civilians in the war industry, the blurring of home and battle fronts, and the use of industrial weaponry to destroy an enemy is known as
   1. Schlieffen Plan
   2. cult of the offensive
   3. Gallipoli Plan
   4. total war

(p. 927)

1. During World War I, governments mobilized the masses on the home front to endure long hours and food shortages by
   1. granting women the right to vote
   2. eliminating discriminatory laws to secure the support of formerly persecuted groups
   3. demonizing the enemy
   4. threatening tax penalties for noncompliance

(p. 929)

Why did the Russian Revolution take place, and what changes did it produce in Russian politics and daily life?

1. Of all the warring nations, __________ suffered the most casualties.
   1. Britain
   2. Russia
   3. France
   4. Austria-Hungary

(p. 931)

1. After the abdication of the tsar, councils of workers and soldiers known as ________ campaigned to end favoritism toward the wealthy and urged concern for workers and the poor.
   1. soviets
   2. duma
   3. Bolsheviks
   4. mirs

(p. 931)

1. In January 1918, the Bolsheviks took over the Russian government
   1. by force after failing to gain a majority in the election
   2. when the tsar abdicated
   3. after winning a majority of seats in the Duma
   4. when the government refused to call an election

(p. 931)

1. Lenin agreed to give a great deal of territory to Germany as part of the peace agreement that ended Russia’s involvement in the war because
   1. the ceded land was occupied by Slavs, not Russians
   2. he trusted the Germans to treat the inhabitants well
   3. he was desperate the end the war at any cost
   4. he believed the rest of Europe would soon overthrow the capitalist order

(p. 931-932)

1. In Russia, the Whites failed to defeat the Reds in large part because
   1. the Whites were beset by disease and hunger
   2. foreign powers came to the aid of the Reds
   3. individual groups that made up the Whites competed with one another
   4. of public antipathy for the tsar

(p. 932)

1. In an effort to shift the blame for defeat away from themselves, the German military leaders
   1. blamed Austria-Hungary, claiming they were insufficiently dedicated to the war
   2. allowed a civilian government to ask for peace and later claimed this was a betrayal
   3. fled to Argentina
   4. blamed “rogue” U-boat captains for attacking American ships and drawing the U.S. into the war

(p. 932)

What were the major outcomes of the peacemaking process and postwar conditions?

1. Average Germans objected to the Treaty of Versailles because it
   1. blamed the war entirely on “the aggression of Germany and her allies”
   2. awarded Alsace and Lorraine to France
   3. required Germany to give up its colonies
   4. separated Austria and Hungary

(p. 934)

1. Woodrow Wilson’s League of Nations was intended to guide the world toward disarmament and settle its members’ disputes but was weakened by
   1. infighting and resentments
   2. the absence of the U.S., Germany, and Russia
   3. member nations’ unwillingness to practice collective security
   4. the United States’ refusal to ratify the peace treaty ending the war

(p. 934)

1. The system of regional control over former Ottoman lands awarded by the League of Nations’ charter to the victors in World War I was called
   1. the Peace of Paris
   2. colonialism
   3. the mandate system
   4. manifest destiny

(p. 935)

1. Faced with renewed determination among colonized peoples in the postwar period to obtain independence, imperial powers
   1. began loosening their domination
   2. attempted to use diplomacy to continue to benefit financially from their empires
   3. consented to some degree of self-rule
   4. continued to use violence to maintain and expand their empires

(p. 937)

1. General Mustafa Kema, later known as Atatürk, traveled the countryside calling for
   1. temporary accommodation of the British
   2. a democratically elected national assembly and an end to British control of Istanbul
   3. a return to conservative Muslim values and practice
   4. the restoration of the Ottoman empire

(p. 937)

1. China’s May Fourth Movement came to see ________________ as key to independence.
   1. selective Westernization
   2. military power
   3. a return to tradition
   4. communism

(p. 939)

1. By 1921 public outrage at the situation in Ireland forced the British to
   1. send in the Black and Tans
   2. negotiate
   3. declare all of Ireland a free state
   4. grant Ireland representation in Parliament

(p. 940)

How did the rise of mass society affect politics, culture, and everyday life around the world?

1. Because they could mobilize masses of people, ________ played a key role in politics beginning in the early 20^th century.
   1. political parties
   2. churches
   3. unions
   4. charismatic leaders

(p. 944)

1. Gandhi challenged the view that Britain was “civilized” and thus worthy of respect by pointing out that Britain and other Western countries valued only one thing:
   1. military might
   2. the subjugation of non-whites
   3. material wealth
   4. status

(p. 948)

In what ways did Argentina’s history differ from that of countries caught up in World War I?

1. After World War I Argentina’s economy continued to grow because the war had broken its dependence on _________ economy and turned its productivity inward.
   1. Spain’s
   2. Portugal’s
   3. the United States’
   4. Britain’s

(p. 950)

1. The Argentinean political scene remained relatively moderate in the postwar period, except for a spate of attacks on ____________ and their property.
   1. Jews
   2. people of indigenous descent
   3. Muslims
   4. Spaniards

(p. 950)