Chapter 30
The Urinary System
Multiple Choice Questions
1. | Urea and uric acid are products of the breakdown of ____.
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2. | When a female patient develops cystitis, the most likely cause is from ____.
C. | drinking a lot of water |
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3. | Yolanda has been diagnosed several times in the last year with cystitis. She asks the practitioner if there is anything she can do to prevent future episodes of cystitis. What is the best response to her question?
A. | "Using a condom during sexual intercourse can help prevent cystitis." |
B. | "Always clean the perineal area from front to back." |
C. | "You can call us every three months for a refill on your antibiotics." |
D. | "Avoid using public toilets whenever possible." |
E. | "Limit your fluid intake after 8 p.m." |
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4. | You would anticipate that a patient who has had ____ may develop cystitis.
B. | a history of international travel |
C. | pelvic inflammatory disease |
D. | an indwelling urinary catheter |
E. | multiple sexual partners |
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5. | When taking a urine sample from a patient for testing, you notice it is cloudy. This could indicate ____.
E. | poor cleansing when collecting the urine |
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6. | An immune disorder is a possible cause for which disease?
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7. | Renal calculi could result from ____.
A. | obstruction in the tubules |
C. | anaphylactic reactions |
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8. | How does pyelonephritis begin?
A. | As an infection in the kidneys |
B. | As an autoimmune reaction |
C. | As a side effect of some medications |
D. | With a loss of kidney function |
E. | With a bladder infection |
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9. | Which of these urinary diseases is likely to be treated with corticosteroids?
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10. | The portion of the renal cortex that extends between the pyramids is the ____.
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11. | Which of the following is the outermost layer of the kidneys?
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12. | What are the muscular tubes that carry urine to the bladder called?
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13. | Which of these is the medial depression of a kidney?
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14. | What is the name for the hormone that regulates blood pressure?
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15. | The kidneys are in which position when compared to the peritoneal cavity?
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16. | Which of these is a hormone that helps to regulate red blood cell production?
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17. | The ____ contains the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter.
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18. | The expansion of the ureter inside the kidneys is the ____.
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19. | The middle portion of the kidneys is the ____.
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20. | Which of the following is composed of a mass of capillaries called a glomerulus and is where blood filtration occurs?
D. | Proximal convoluted tubule |
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21. | The group of capillaries that forms the renal corpuscle is called the ____.
D. | peritubular capillaries |
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22. | The ____ join with other, similar structures from other nephrons to form collecting ducts.
B. | distal convoluted tubules |
D. | peritubular capillaries |
E. | proximal convoluted tubules |
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23. | Located between the proximal and distal tubules is the ________.
C. | peritubular capillaries |
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24. | Which section of the tubule is connected to the glomerulus?
D. | Proximal convoluted tubule |
E. | Distal convoluted tubule |
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25. | Which structure surrounds each glomerulus?
D. | Proximal convoluted tubule |
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26. | What are the tiny vessels that surround the tubules?
A. | Proximal convoluted tubules |
C. | Peritubular capillaries |
E. | Distal convoluted tubules |
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27. | The ____ deliver blood to the peritubular capillaries.
B. | distal convoluted tubules |
D. | peritubular capillaries |
E. | proximal convoluted tubules |
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28. | Which process of urine formation decreases when the blood pressure decreases, and increases when the blood pressure increases?
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29. | During the ____ process of urine formation, substances move from the blood into the renal tubules.
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30. | During ____, the hormone ADH controls the amount of water the body keeps.
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31. | Which of the following occurs in the renal corpuscles?
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32. | The filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule during which process of urine formation?
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33. | During which process of urine formation do drugs and hydrogen ions enter the filtrate?
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34. | In which process of urine formation are nutrients, ions, and water returned to the body?
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35. | Substances such as drugs, ions, and waste products are moved during the ____ process of urine formation and are eliminated in urine.
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36. | Which urinary system structure takes urine away from the bladder?
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37. | The ____ use(s) a peristaltic action to take urine to the bladder.
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38. | The detrusor muscle is part of the ____.
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39. | Which of the following describes acute renal failure?
A. | Kidneys slowly lose function |
B. | Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes |
C. | Can result from poisons and/or alcohol abuse |
D. | Surgical repair of obstructions may correct failure |
E. | Can be caused by nervous system disorders |
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40. | Which of the following does not describe acute kidney failure?
A. | Kidneys suddenly lose function |
B. | Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes |
C. | May cause excessive urine production |
D. | Can result from hemorrhaging |
E. | May be a result of food poisoning |
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41. | Which of the following describes chronic renal failure?
A. | Kidneys suddenly lose function |
B. | Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes |
C. | May cause excessive urine production |
D. | Can result from hemorrhaging |
E. | May cause frequent seizure activity |
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42. | Which of the following does not describe chronic renal failure?
A. | Kidneys slowly lose function |
B. | Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes |
C. | Can result from poisons and/or alcohol abuse |
D. | Surgical repair of obstructions may correct failure |
E. | May cause headache and mental confusion |
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43. | Carol recently had surgery to repair a urinary sphincter. Since then, she has had trouble with urinary incontinence. The physician has assured her that this will be a temporary condition, but she wants to know what she can do to help alleviate this problem. Which of the following is your best reply?
A. | "Wear incontinence pads for a while; it takes a long time to heal after surgery." |
B. | "You can do Kegel exercises to increase your control of the urinary sphincters." |
C. | "We can perform another surgery to repair your urethral sphincter." |
D. | "Try using an over-the-counter diuretic to make the urge to urinate stronger." |
E. | "Stop taking your prescription diuretic until you recover from the surgery." |
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44. | Donna came to the office today complaining of back pain, fever, nausea, and blood in her urine. She has a recent history of bladder infection. The physician diagnoses pyelonephritis. Which of the following would you expect the physician to prescribe?
A. | A systemic antiviral agent |
C. | Low-sodium, low-protein diet |
E. | Pain medication and antibiotics |
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45. | You are working at an urgent care clinic when a patient is brought in by several of his friends. He is conscious but seems very confused. At first, the friends say they're worried because he had too much to drink, but then they admit that he was using drugs also. The patient's hands are shaking, and when he wipes his nose with a tissue, you can see blood on the tissue. Which of the following conditions would the physician likely be most concerned about?
C. | Polycystic kidney disease |
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Fill in the Blank Questions
46. | The ________, shown at number 1 on the figure, is where the renal artery, renal vein, and Ureters enter the kidney.
________________________________________ |
47. | The structure shown at number 2 on the figure is the ________.
________________________________________ |
48. | The organ of the urinary system shown at number 3 on the figure is the ________.
________________________________________ |
49. | The ________ is shown at number 4 on the figure.
________________________________________ |
50. | Number 5 on the figure refers to the ________.
________________________________________ |
51. | The ________ is shown at number 6 on the figure.
________________________________________ |
52. | Number 7 on the figure refers to the ________.
________________________________________ |
53. | The ________ is shown at number 8 on the figure.
________________________________________ |
54. | Number 9 on the figure shows the ________.
________________________________________ |
55. | The structure at number 1 on the figure of the kidney is the ________.
________________________________________ |
56. | Number 2 on the figure of the kidney shows the ________.
________________________________________ |
57. | Number 3 on the figure of the kidney is the ________.
________________________________________ |
58. | The structures shown at number 4 on the figure of the kidney are the ________.
________________________________________ |
59. | Number 5 on the figure of the kidney refers to the ________.
________________________________________ |
60. | The ________ is shown at number 6 on the figure of the kidney.
________________________________________ |
61. | The ________ is shown at number 7 on the figure of the kidney.
________________________________________ |
62. | Number 8 on the figure of the kidney represents the ________.
________________________________________ |
63. | The ________ arterioles bring blood to the tightly packed, increasingly narrow capillaries of the glomeruli.
________________________________________ |
64. | The capsule that surrounds the glomerulus is called the ________ capsule.
________________________________________ |
65. | The renal pelvis divides into small tubes known as ________.
________________________________________ |
66. | The wall of the bladder contains smooth muscle, called the _______ muscle, that contracts to push urine from the bladder into the urethra.
________________________________________ |
67. | The loop of Henle curves back toward the renal corpuscle and starts to twist again, becoming the ________ tubule that joins with tubules from several nephrons to form collecting ducts.
________________________________________ |
68. | The arterioles that deliver blood to the peritubular capillaries are the ________ arterioles.
________________________________________ |
69. | Chronic ________, or inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney, is one of the causes of chronic renal disease.
________________________________________ |
70. | The mass of capillaries in the Bowman's capsule that forms the renal corpuscle is called the ________.
________________________________________ |
71. | The renal artery, renal vein, and ureter enter the kidney in the area known as the ________.
________________________________________ |
72. | The proximal convoluted tubule is directly attached to the Bowman’s capsule and eventually straightens out to become the ___________.
________________________________________ |
73. | Commonly called kidney stones, renal ________ can become lodged in the ducts within the kidneys or ureters.
________________________________________ |
74. | Made up of the glomerulus surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule, the ________ corpuscle is where blood filtration occurs.
________________________________________ |
75. | The outermost layer of the kidney is the renal ________.
________________________________________ |
76. | The middle portion of the kidney is the renal ________, which is divided into triangular-shaped areas called renal pyramids.
________________________________________ |
77. | Inside the kidney, the area where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter enter is called the renal ________, which is formed by the expansion of the ureter inside the kidney.
________________________________________ |
78. | The renal medulla is divided into triangular-shaped areas called renal ________.
________________________________________ |
79. | The surface area of the concave depression of the kidney is called the renal ________.
________________________________________ |
80. | The ________ tubules extend from the Bowman's capsule of a nephron and have three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule.
________________________________________ |
81. | The kidneys lie behind the peritoneal cavity in the ________ position.
________________________________________ |
82. | The internal floor of the bladder contains three openings, one for the urethra and two for the ureters, that form a triangle called the ________ of the bladder.
________________________________________ |
83. | During urine formation, when the glomerular filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule and all the necessary substances in the glomerular filtrate pass through the wall of the renal tubule into the blood of the peritubular capillaries, it is called tubular ________.
________________________________________ |
84. | The third process of urine formation is ________, during which substances move out of the blood in the peritubular capillaries and into the renal tubules to be excreted in the urine.
________________________________________ |
85. | The waste products formed by the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids are ________ and uric acid.
________________________________________ |
86. | The long, muscular tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder using rhythmic muscular contractions are called ________.
________________________________________ |
87. | The ________ is a tube that moves urine from the bladder to the outside world.
________________________________________ |
88. | In addition to urea, ________ ________ is a waste product formed by the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids.
________________________________________ |
Multiple Choice Questions
89. | Which of the following removes metabolic waste products from the blood?
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90. | In the kidneys what combines with water and ions to form urine?
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Fill in the Blank Questions
91. | The waste products produced during normal kidney functions are called _____________ wastes.
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