The Nervous System Full Test Bank nan Ch.29

1.

Which of these electrolytes plays an important role in the generation of nerve impulses?  
 

2.

Anything that inflames the CNS will cause ____.  
 

3.

At which vertebral level does the spinal cord end?  
 

4.

The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord contains ____.  
 

5.

Which component of a neuron contains organelles and produces the protein and energy needed to carry out its functions?  
 

6.

What components of a neuron are usually short and branch profusely near a cell body?  
 

7.

The function of _____ is to send information or nerve impulses away from the cell body?  
 

8.

Which of the following has membranes that contain large amounts of myelin that insulates the axons and allows them to send nerve impulses quickly?  
 

9.

Which of the following are only found in the central nervous system and act as interpreters between the afferent and efferent nerves?  
 

10.

Which of the following has an effect on the speed of impulse conduction?  
 

11.

What is located at the end of the axon branches that allows impulse transmission to continue to other neurons?  
 

12.

The ____ causes muscles to contract or relax and glands to secrete products.  
 

13.

Which of the following can either stimulate neurons to send a nerve impulse or inhibit them from sending an impulse?  
 

14.

The toughest and outermost layer of the meninges is the ____.  
 

15.

Which of the following are the membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord?  
 

16.

The middle layer of the meninges, named for its spider web-like appearance, is the ____.  
 

17.

The ____ is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater and contains cerebrospinal fluid.  
 

18.

What is the innermost delicate layer of the meninges, which sits directly on top of the brain and spinal cord and holds blood vessels onto the surface of these structures?  
 

19.

Which of the following describes the gray matter of the spinal cord?  
 

20.

Which of the following describes the white matter of the spinal cord?  
 

21.

The ____ of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain to the muscles and glands.  
 

22.

Which of the following structures of the spinal cord carries sensory information to the brain?  
 

23.

Which of the following can cause a motor response without getting information from the brain?  
 

24.

A(n) ____ is an automatic response to a stimulus.  
 

25.

Which of the following is the groove between the two hemispheres of the brain?  
 

26.

What are the “bumps” of brain matter between the sulci are called  
 

27.

The ____ is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two halves.  
 

28.

A thick bundle of nerve fibers called the ____ connects the two cerebral hemispheres.  
 

29.

Which of the following are the grooves on the surface of the cerebrum?  
 

30.

Which lobe of the brain interprets auditory stimuli?  
 

31.

Which lobe of the brain interprets visual stimuli?  
 

32.

Which lobe of the brain controls motor activity?  
 

33.

Which lobe of the brain interprets sensations felt in or on the body?  
 

34.

Which of the following connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord?  
 

35.

Which of the following coordinates complex skeletal muscle contractions as well as fine movements?  
 

36.

Which of these is located behind the pons and medulla oblongata?  
 

37.

What part of the brainstem regulates respiration?  
 

38.

Which of the following controls visual reflexes?  
 

39.

Which of these controls blood pressure, as well as coughing and sneezing reflexes?  
 

40.

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates muscles for chewing?  
 

41.

The ____ nerves act in the muscles that move the eyeball.  
 

42.

The cranial nerves that carry sensory information from the tongue are the ____.  
 

43.

The ____ nerves carry information about odors to the brain.  
 

44.

Which of these cranial nerves carry sensory information from the skin of the scalp and face?  
 

45.

Which cranial nerves innervate the muscles of the throat, neck, and voice box?  
 

46.

What type of nerves carry sensory information from the throat and tongue to the brain for interpretation?  
 

47.

Which cranial nerves innervate the muscles of the tongue?  
 

48.

Which nerves carry sensory information from the thoracic and abdominal organs to the brain?  
 

49.

Which of the following describes the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?  
 

50.

Which of the following describes the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?  
 

51.

Which of the following tests can be used to detect bleeding in the brain or spinal cord?  
 

52.

Which type of test can be used to diagnose Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases?  
 

53.

Which of the following diagnostic procedures enables the examination of cerebrospinal fluid?  
 

54.

The diagnostic test that detects electrical activity in the brain is a(n) ____.  
 

55.

Which of the following diagnostic tests is useful in detecting aneurysms in the brain?  
 

56.

Which type of headache causes soreness in the temples and can occur daily for weeks?  
 

57.

Which type of headache often has an aura that may appear as jagged lines or flashing lights and the detection of strange odors?  
 

58.

____ headaches are generally more severe and intense than other types and are more often experienced by men.  
 

59.

____ is a degenerative disease of the brain.  
 

60.

Which condition is generally caused when brain cells die because of an inadequate blood flow?  
 

61.

A chronic disease caused by demyelination of nerve tissue is ____.  
 

62.

Which disorder occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system?  
 

63.

Which of the following occurs when parts of the brain receive a burst of electrical signals that disrupt normal brain activity?  
 

64.

Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, ____ is a degenerative disease of the spinal cord and brain.  
 

65.

In what order does an impulse flow through a typical reflex?  
 

66.

Mrs. Tanneman has brought her husband to your office because she says "he just doesn't seem to understand anything anymore." She says he often just sits on the couch for hours staring into space and does not respond when she speaks to him. When he does respond to her questions, sometimes his answers don't have anything to do with the question she asked. Which of the following neurological tests would provide the most helpful information about Mr. Tanneman's health?  
 

67.

Vanessa has just been diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome. She is very worried because she has heard terrible things about this syndrome. “I don’t want to die!” she says. Which of the following would be the best response to give her?  
 

68.

Marc is in the office today because his face has felt “numb” for the last 24 hours. He also has a headache, and he says his eyes have been “watering.” Which of the following diagnoses would the practitioner be likely to make, considering these symptoms?  
 

69.

The ________, which contains motor areas that allow a person to move, is shown at letter A.  
 
________________________________________

70.

Letter B indicates the ________, a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.  
 
________________________________________

71.

The ________, shown at letter C, serves as a relay station for sensory information.  
 
________________________________________

72.

Letter D shows the ________, which maintains homeostasis by regulating hunger, thirst, and body temperature.  
 
________________________________________

73.

Lying just beneath the diencephalon, the ________ (shown at letter E) controls both visual and auditory reflexes.  
 
________________________________________

74.

The ________, shown at letter F, regulates respiration and contains nerve tracts to connect the cerebrum to the cerebellum.  
 
________________________________________

75.

Letter G in the figure refers to the ________, which controls heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, as well as several reflexes.  
 
________________________________________

76.

Letter H indicates the ________, which coordinates the complex skeletal muscle contractions needed for body movements.  
 
________________________________________

77.

The ________ of the cerebrum, shown at letter I, contains visual areas that interpret what a person sees.  
 
________________________________________

78.

The ________ of the cerebrum, shown at letter J, contains somatosensory areas that interpret sensations felt on or within the body.  
 
________________________________________

79.

If the membrane of an axon becomes depolarized enough, a nerve impulse, also called a(n) ________, is created.  
 
________________________________________

80.

The sensory or ________ nerves are responsible for detecting sensory information and bringing it to the CNS for interpretation.  
 
________________________________________

81.

Star-shaped cells within the nervous system that anchor blood vessels to the nerve cells are called ________.  
 
________________________________________

82.

The ________ nervous system controls organs that are not under voluntary control.  
 
________________________________________

83.

The ________ is a structure that connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord.  
 
________________________________________

84.

The portion of the neuron that contains the nucleus and the organelles that are typical of any cell is the ________.  
 
________________________________________

85.

The subarachnoid space contains ________, which cushions the CNS.  
 
________________________________________

86.

The ________ is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two halves called hemispheres.  
 
________________________________________

87.

The thickening of the spinal cord in the neck region is called the ________ enlargement and contains the motor neurons that control the muscles of the arms.  
 
________________________________________

88.

The "bumps" of brain matter between the sulci are called gyri or ________.  
 
________________________________________

89.

A thick bundle of nerve fibers called the ________ connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.  
 
________________________________________

90.

The outermost layer of the cerebrum is called the cerebral ________ and contains nearly 75% of all the neurons in the entire nervous system.  
 
________________________________________

91.

The ________ nerves are peripheral nerves that originate from the brain.  
 
________________________________________

92.

The function of a(n) ________ is to receive information for the neuron. It is usually short and branches profusely near the cell body.  
 
________________________________________

93.

When the outside of a neuron's membrane becomes less polar, the neuron has ________.  
 
________________________________________

94.

The tracts of the spinal cord that carry sensory information up to the brain are called ________ tracts.  
 
________________________________________

95.

The ________ tracts of the spinal cord carry motor information down from the brain to muscles and glands.  
 
________________________________________

96.

The ________ is located between the cerebral hemispheres superior to the brainstem and includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.  
 
________________________________________

97.

The ________ root of spinal nerves contains axons of sensory neurons only.  
 
________________________________________

98.

Efferent nerves transmit nerve impulses to muscles and ________ in the body.  
 
________________________________________

99.

Collections of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS are called ________.  
 
________________________________________

100.

The axons not insulated by the myelin sheath are known as ________ matter.  
 
________________________________________

101.

The "bumps" of brain matter between the sulci are ________, or convolutions.  
 
________________________________________

102.

The ________ maintains homeostasis by regulating many vital activities, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate.  
 
________________________________________

103.

The ________ acts as a go-between or interpreter between the afferent and efferent nerves.  
 
________________________________________

104.

Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital ________.  
 
________________________________________

105.

The thickening of the spinal cord in the lumbar region is called the lumbar ________ and contains the motor neurons that control the muscles of the legs.  
 
________________________________________

106.

An inflammation of the meninges is called ________ and can be caused by bacterial, viral, and fungal infections.  
 
________________________________________

107.

Small cells within the nervous system that act as phagocytes, watching for and engulfing invaders, are ________.  
 
________________________________________

108.

The membranes of Schwann cells contain large amounts of ________, which is a fatty substance that insulates the axons and allows them to send nerve impulses quickly.  
 
________________________________________

109.

Extending from the cell body of a neuron are axons and dendrites, which are two types of nerve ________.  
 
________________________________________

110.

The group of disorders commonly referred to as nerve pain in which the most common symptom is severe skin pain that occurs most frequently in the nerves of the face is called ________.  
 
________________________________________

111.

The ________ cells are cells that do not transmit impulses, but function as support cells for neurons and never lose their ability to divide.  
 
________________________________________

112.

Chemicals called ________ are released by the synaptic knob to allow impulse transmission to continue to the postsynaptic structures, which consist of the dendrites, cell bodies, and axons of other neurons.  
 
________________________________________

113.

____________ are specialized neuroglial cells that assist in the production of the myelin sheath.  
 
________________________________________

114.

The ________ branch of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for resting and digesting by keeping the heart and breathing rates low.  
 
________________________________________

115.

Patients with nervous system disorders may have a wide variety of signs and symptoms, but the most common are headache, muscle weakness, and ________, or loss of feeling.  
 
________________________________________

116.

When a neuron is at rest or without stimulation, the outside of its membrane is positively charged and the inside is negatively charged. As long as the neuron is at rest, it remains in this ________ state.  
 
________________________________________

117.

The return of an axon to its original polar (resting) state is called ________.  
 
________________________________________

118.

The cell membrane of the ________ cell contains large amounts of myelin, which insulates the axons and allows them to send nerve impulses quickly.  
 
________________________________________

119.

When the sciatic nerve is damaged by excessive pressure on the nerve from prolonged sitting or lying down, the patient has ________.  
 
________________________________________

120.

A(n) ________ occurs when parts of the brain receive a burst of electrical signals that disrupt normal brain functioning.  
 
________________________________________

121.

The division of the peripheral nervous system that governs the body's skeletal or voluntary muscles is the ________ nervous system.  
 
________________________________________

122.

Between the arachnoid mater and pia mater is an area called the ________ space, which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to cushion the CNS.  
 
________________________________________

123.

The grooves on the surface of the cerebrum are called ________.  
 
________________________________________

124.

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system prepares organs for stressful or emergency situations.  
 
________________________________________

125.

The ________ at the end of the axon branches contain small sacs called vesicles, which produce the neurotransmitters that are needed to allow impulse transmission to continue to the postsynaptic structures.  
 
________________________________________

126.

Located in the diencephalon, the ________ serves as a relay station for sensory information that goes to the cerebral cortex for interpretation.  
 
________________________________________

127.

The ________ root of spinal nerves contains axons of motor neurons only.  
 
________________________________________

128.

Interconnected cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are called __________.  
 
________________________________________

129.

Synaptic knobs contain small sacs called ________, which produce neurotransmitters.  
 
________________________________________

130.

Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, ____ is a degenerative disease of the spinal cord and brain.