Chapter 31
The Reproductive Systems
Multiple Choice Questions
1. | Which of the following begin the process of developing sperm cells?
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2. | At the beginning of spermatogenesis, cells are called ____ and contain 46 chromosomes.
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3. | Which of the following carries sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra?
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4. | The ____ produces a milky, alkaline fluid and secretes this fluid into the urethra just before ejaculation to protect the sperm when they enter the acidic environment of the female vagina.
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5. | Which structure secretes an alkaline fluid rich in sugars and prostaglandins?
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6. | What surrounds the proximal urethra in the male?
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7. | A mixture of sperm cells and fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands forms ____.
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8. | Which of the following are considered the primary organs of the male reproductive system because they produce sperm and testosterone?
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9. | Each lobule of the testes is filled with ____, which are filled with the spermatogenic cells that give rise to sperm cells.
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10. | Which of the following makes a fluid that lubricates the penis for sexual intercourse?
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11. | Which of the following is the inability to maintain an erection long enough to complete sexual intercourse?
E. | Benign prostatic hypertrophy |
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12. | Which of these conditions can cause pain during bowel movements?
E. | Benign prostatic hypertrophy |
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13. | A lower sperm count is a sign of which of the following disorders?
E. | Benign prostatic hypertrophy |
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14. | A lump in the testes can be caused by ____.
E. | benign prostatic hypertrophy |
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15. | Which of these structures of the female reproductive system produces progesterone and estrogen?
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16. | In the female reproductive system, what “catches” the ovum as it leaves an ovary?
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17. | The ____ provides a passageway for delivery of offspring as well as for uterine secretions.
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18. | Which of these secrete mucus during sexual intercourse?
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19. | Which of these contains the female erectile tissue and is rich in sensory nerves?
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20. | For which disorder are Pap smears often effective in early detection?
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21. | What is the medical term for cramps that are severe enough to limit normal activities?
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22. | Which of the following disorders may cause a discharge from the nipples?
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23. | What is the medical term for benign tumors that grow in the uterine wall?
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24. | An abnormal amount of vaginal discharge is associated with ____.
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25. | The signs and symptoms of ____ are usually mild or indistinct until the disease has spread to other organs, making early detection difficult.
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26. | An inflammation of the cervix is ____.
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27. | In which of the following disorders do the tissues of the uterine lining grow outside the uterus?
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28. | Which of the following is caused by bacteria?
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29. | Which STI causes blisters on or around the genitals or rectum and for which there is no treatment that will cure it?
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30. | A parasitic protozoan causes ____.
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31. | ____ is caused by blood-sucking insects.
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32. | Which of these implants in the wall of the uterus?
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33. | Which period of pregnancy includes weeks 2–8?
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34. | The ____ period includes week 9 until delivery.
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35. | Which of these is the rapid cell division of the zygote?
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36. | Which of the following travels down the fallopian tubes to the uterus and becomes a blastocyst?
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37. | The middle layer of the embryo that becomes connective tissue is the ____.
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38. | Which of these makes new blood cells for the fetus?
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39. | The ____ is the protective sac around the embryo.
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40. | Which of the following gives rise to epithelial tissues only?
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41. | Which of these gives rise to nervous tissue?
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42. | In fetal development, the ____ allows blood to bypass the liver.
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43. | Which of these is located between the right and left atria during fetal development?
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44. | During fetal development, the ____ is located between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta.
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45. | Which method of contraception contains low doses of estrogen or progesterone?
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46. | Which method of contraception relies on abstinence from intercourse when the female is ovulating?
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47. | Which form of contraception requires the male to withdraw before ejaculation?
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48. | The diaphragm is an example of a(n) ____.
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49. | Which form of contraception prevents implantation of the blastocyst?
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50. | Marilyn is a patient at the OB/GYN clinic where you work. After two years of trying, she has failed to become pregnant. She has had extensive testing, which did not turn up any abnormalities. However, she says, "I know there must be something wrong with me. My husband says it has to be my fault, because men never have fertility problems." How should you respond?
A. | "Don't worry; we will keep on testing until we find out exactly what your problem is." |
B. | "Actually, 35% of the time, infertility is due to male causes." |
C. | "There is nothing more we can do for you here; have you considered therapy?" |
D. | "Your husband is wrong; there is nothing wrong with you, so there must be something wrong with him." |
E. | "If you want to get pregnant, you have to start thinking more positively." |
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51. | Geneva is 8 months pregnant when she finds out that she has acquired the herpes simplex 2 virus. She is looking forward to having the baby and plans a natural childbirth at a nearby birthing facility. What is the greatest danger with this plan?
A. | Geneva may die in childbirth if she is having a herpes outbreak at the time. |
B. | Her husband may leave her if the baby is born with herpes. |
C. | There are no particular dangers, as long as both mother and baby receive antiviral medication. |
D. | Geneva may have trouble delivering the baby naturally because she has herpes. |
E. | Natural childbirth may cause the baby to contract the virus, with potentially fatal results. |
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52. | Lee comes to the clinic with flu-like symptoms and general malaise. Upon testing, it is noted that he has a Pneumocystis carinii infection. You might expect the physician to order further tests to rule out which of the following conditions?
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53. | Barth has been diagnosed with syphilis. While the physician was explaining the treatment course, you could tell that Barth was scared. After the physician left the room, Barth whispers, "I have heard the stories about syphilis! It can cause brain damage!" What is your best response to Barth?
A. | "Only about 40% of people who have syphilis sustain brain damage from the disease." |
B. | "Yes, but effects on the brain occur in the tertiary stage—you have plenty of years before that happens." |
C. | "The physician will recommend an excellent neurologist to manage your disease." |
D. | "Syphilis is treatable with penicillin; if you follow the treatment regimen, you should not have brain damage." |
E. | "At least you know in advance, so you can arrange for a durable power of attorney." |
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Fill in the Blank Questions
54. | The female reproductive cycle is initiated when the pituitary gland releases ________.
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55. | The hormone ________ causes the uterine lining to thicken.
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56. | In the female cycle, it is the falling levels of estrogen and ________ that cause the uterine lining to break down and menses to start.
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57. | Two hormones essential to effective breast-feeding are prolactin and ________.
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58. | The cell that is formed by the union of the sperm and egg is called a(n) ________.
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59. | Lack of ovulation is one cause of female ________.
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60. | Decreased levels of the hormone ________ can cause male infertility.
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61. | Women over the age of 40 have less than a(n) ________% chance of conceiving each month.
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62. | The structure indicated by number 1 in the figure is the ________.
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63. | Number 2 on the figure represents the ________.
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64. | Number 3 on the figure of the male reproductive system is the ________.
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65. | Number 4 on the figure of the male reproductive system shows the ________.
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66. | Number 5 on the figure of the male reproductive system shows the ________.
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67. | The ________ is shown at number 6 on the figure of the male reproductive system.
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68. | Number 7 on the figure of the male reproductive system is the ________.
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69. | Number 8 on the figure shows the _______ ________ which is not part of the male reproductive system.
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70. | Number 10 on the figure of the male reproductive system represents the ________.
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71. | Number 11 on the figure of the male reproductive system is the ________.
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72. | On the figure of the male reproductive system, number 12 identifies the ________.
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73. | Number 13 on the figure of the male reproductive system shows the ________.
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74. | On the figure of the male reproductive system, number 14 shows the ________.
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75. | Number 15 on the figure of the male reproductive system represents the _______.
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76. | Number 1 on the figure of the female reproductive system shows the ________.
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77. | On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 2 indicates the ________.
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78. | On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 3 represents the ________.
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79. | On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 4 shows the ________.
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80. | Number 5 on the figure of the female reproductive system represents the ________.
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81. | On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 6 shows the ________.
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82. | Number 7 on the figure of the female reproductive system shows the ________.
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83. | On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 8 represents the ________.
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84. | On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 9 shows the ________.
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85. | On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 10 represents the ________.
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86. | The head of the sperm is covered with an enzyme-filled sac called a(n) ________, which helps the sperm penetrate an ovum at the time of fertilization.
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87. | Mammary glands contain _______ glands that produce milk under the influence of the hormone prolactin.
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88. | The pigmented area that surrounds the nipple is called the ________.
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89. | The surgery performed to deliver an infant through the mother’s abdominal wall is called a _____ ______.
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90. | During the menstrual cycle, the _________ _________ secretes progesterone, which causes the uterine lining to become more vascular and glandular.
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91. | Bulbourethral glands, also known as ________ glands, are inferior to the prostate gland and produce a mucus-like fluid that is secreted before ejaculation into the urethra.
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92. | The medical term __________, which is an undescended testicle, is a predisposing factor for testicular cancer.
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93. | The ________ is the innermost lining of the uterus, which is vascular with a rich blood supply and contains numerous tubular glands that secrete mucus.
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94. | The ________ is a highly coiled tube that receives spermatids from seminiferous tubules as these cells are formed and where spermatids mature to become sperm cells.
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95. | When the sperm cell unites with an ovum, it is called __________.
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96. | The infundibulum and its ________ "catch" an ovum as it leaves an ovary.
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97. | When a vasectomy is performed as a form of birth control, the vas deferens is cut and tied, or________, to prevent sperm from reaching the ovum.
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98. | The upper, domed portion of the uterus is called the _______.
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99. | The surgical removal of the uterus is called a(n) ________.
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100. | A group of cells in the blastocyst that gives rise to an embryo is called the ________ _________.
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101. | The cells located between the seminiferous tubules that produce testosterone are the ________ cells.
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102. | The labia ________ are rounded folds of adipose tissue and skin that serve to protect the other external female reproductive organs.
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103. | The labia ________ are folds of skin with a high degree of vascularity that merge together anteriorly to form a hood over the clitoris.
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104. | The _______ ducts deliver milk through openings in the nipples.
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105. | The hormone that stimulates the enlargement of mammary glands is ________.
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106. | The first menstrual period is known as ________.
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107. | At their anterior ends, the labia majora form the ________ _________, which is a fatty area that overlies the pubic symphysis.
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108. | The ________ _________ carries sperm cells from an epididymis to the urethra in the pelvic cavity of the male.
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109. | The surgical method used in males to prevent pregnancy in which the vas deferens is fulgurated to prevent sperm from being ejaculated is called a(n) ________.
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110. | The space enclosed by the labia minora is called the ________.
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111. | Only one sperm cell unites with the ovum, penetrating the follicular cells and a layer called the ________ ________, which surrounds the cell membrane of the ovum.
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112. | The ________ is the middle, thick, muscular layer of the uterus.
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113. | An immature ovum is called a primary ________.
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114. | The process of ovum formation is called ________.
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115. | The fallopian tube is also called a(n) ________.
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116. | The forceful contractions and abdominal compressions that force the fetus from the uterus into the vagina are called expulsion or ________.
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117. | The ________ is a thin layer that covers the myometrium. It secretes serous fluid that coats and protects the uterus.
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118. | The ________ allows nutrients and oxygen from maternal blood to pass to embryonic blood. It also allows waste products from the fetal blood to pass into maternal blood.
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119. | The piece of skin that covers the glans penis is called the ________.
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120. | The cells of the inner cell mass organize into layers called ________ ________ layers, from which all organs are formed.
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121. | Before a female child is born, _______ _______develop in her ovarian cortex, which contain primary oocyte and follicular cells.
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Multiple Choice Questions
122. | Which of the following combined APGAR scores is considered normal for a newborn?
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123. | A total APGAR score below ____ indicates that the baby may need medical support such as oxygen.
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Fill in the Blank Questions
124. | The ______ test is performed shortly after a baby is born to determine how well the baby is breathing and how well the heart is working.
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