The Endocrine System Exam Questions Chapter 33 nan

1.

Which of the following is considered a physical reaction to a stressor?  
 

2.

Prolonged stress inhibits the body’s immune responses by ____.  
 

3.

Which of these assessments would help to identify an endocrine problem in a child?  
 

4.

Chessie will have surgery next week to have her pituitary gland removed. She asks what effects this might have on her overall health. Which of the following conditions could she experience after this type of surgery?  
 

5.

Which of the following hormone categories requires G-protein to activate enzymes inside a cell?  
 

6.

Which type of hormone can cross a cell membrane easily?  
 

7.

Which hormones are made of amino acids and do not cross cell membranes easily?  
 

8.

Which of the following local hormones that typically are produced close to their target cells are produced by many body organs?  
 

9.

The ____ hormones turn genes on or off in the nucleus.  
 

10.

Which gland or organ secretes epinephrine and aldosterone?  
 

11.

The ____ gland secretes the hormone calcitonin.  
 

12.

Which gland or organ secretes growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone?  
 

13.

Which gland or organ has cells that release glucagon?  
 

14.

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are released by the ____.  
 

15.

Which gland or organ releases luteinizing hormone?  
 

16.

The ____ gland releases PTH.  
 

17.

Which hormone stimulates the contraction of the prostate and vas deferens during male sexual arousal?  
 

18.

Which of these hormones decreases blood sugar?  
 

19.

Which hormone increases blood sugar?  
 

20.

Which hormone stimulates the body to retain sodium and water and is important for maintaining blood pressure?  
 

21.

Which hormone increases energy production by cells, stimulates protein synthesis, and speeds up the repair of damaged tissues?  
 

22.

The hormone ____ lowers blood calcium by activating osteoblasts, which use excess blood calcium to build new bone tissue.  
 

23.

The hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to release hormones is ____.  
 

24.

Which of the following hormones decreases protein synthesis and inflammation?  
 

25.

The ____ secretes a hormone called erythropoietin, which stimulates blood cell production.  
 

26.

The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is released by which organ?  
 

27.

Which of the following releases melatonin, which regulates a person's biological clock?  
 

28.

The ____ releases thymosin, which promotes the production of T cells.  
 

29.

Which of the following stimulates red blood cell production?  
 

30.

____ regulates circadian rhythms.  
 

31.

Which hormone, released by the heart, regulates blood pressure?  
 

32.

The hormone that stimulates production of T lymphocytes is ____.  
 

33.

When the thyroid gland does not produce adequate amounts of thyroid hormones, a condition called ____ may result.  
 

34.

Which of the following is the result of excess growth hormone in children?  
 

35.

A high glucose level due to the inadequate secretion of insulin is ____.  
 

36.

Which of the following is the result of an excess in growth hormone in adults?  
 

37.

____ is due to congenital hypothyroidism.  
 

38.

In which of the following conditions is too much cortisol produced?  
 

39.

____ is a condition in which too little growth hormone is produced in childhood.  
 

40.

When a person develops antibodies that attack the thyroid gland, causing the thyroid to produce too many thyroid hormones, that person has ____.  
 

41.

Clara Simmons, a 62-year-old patient, has come to the medical office with a complaint of weight gain and puffy hands and feet. "This isn't like me," she says. "I exercise regularly and watch my diet." When you check her vital signs, you find that her blood pressure is 84/50, hear heart rate is 56, and her respirations are 12. For which of the following disorders might you expect the physician to test?  
 

42.

Richard is a 36-year-old patient who is complaining of insomnia and weight loss. He tells you his heart often races. Richard's current weight is 126, and in his chart you notice that at his last visit 3 months ago, his weight was 142. He seems anxious while you are conducting the interview. For which of the following disorders might you expect the physician to test?  
 

43.

Mr. Harrison came to the office last week because he was confused and concerned by recent physical developments. His hands and feet seem to be getting bigger, and he is developing gaps between his teeth. He is here today for a follow-up visit, and the physician informs him that he has a pituitary tumor that needs to be removed. Mr. Harrison's symptoms are typical of which of the following disorders?  
 

44.

A person with ____ will have thin skin, high glucose levels, thin extremities, and a large abdomen.  
 

45.

The outermost portion of the adrenal gland is the adrenal ________.  
 
________________________________________

46.

The central portion of the adrenal gland is the adrenal ________.  
 
________________________________________

47.

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by activating ________, which use excess blood calcium to build new bone tissue.  
 
________________________________________

48.

Letter F on the figure indicates the ________.  
 
________________________________________

49.

Letter E on the figure indicates the ________.  
 
________________________________________

50.

The gland at letter B on the figure is the ________.  
 
________________________________________

51.

The ________ is shown at letter A on the figure.  
 
________________________________________

52.

The ________ is shown at letter K on the figure.  
 
________________________________________

53.

Letter J on the figure identifies the ________.  
 
________________________________________

54.

Letter I on the figure identifies the ________.  
 
________________________________________

55.

Letter D on the figure indicates the ________.  
 
________________________________________

56.

Letter G on the figure shows the ________.  
 
________________________________________

57.

________ disease is a condition in which the adrenal glands fail to produce enough corticosteroids.  
 
________________________________________

58.

The ________ hormone (ADH) stimulates the kidneys to conserve water by decreasing urine output and assists in the maintenance of blood pressure.  
 
________________________________________

59.

The ________ hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones.  
 
________________________________________

60.

Diabetes _______ is a condition in which the kidneys fail to reabsorb water, causing excessive urination. Its primary cause is the hyposecretion of ADH.  
 
________________________________________

61.

A common sign of Graves' disease includes ________, or protrusion of the eyes.  
 
________________________________________

62.

Hormone levels are controlled by a mechanism known as a(n) _______ ________, which can be either negative or positive.  
 
________________________________________

63.

The hormone that increases glucose concentrations in the bloodstream and slows down protein synthesis is ________.  
 
________________________________________

64.

Nonsteroidal hormones bind to receptors on the surface of the cell and activate a(n) ________ that causes enzymes inside the cell to be turned on.  
 
________________________________________

65.

A(n) ________ is a chemical secreted by a cell that affects the functions of other cells.  
 
________________________________________

66.

Structures in the pancreas, known as ________ of Langerhans, secrete the hormones glucagon and insulin into the bloodstream.  
 
________________________________________

67.

_______-stimulating hormone (MSH) stimulates synthesis of melanin and its disbursement to the skin cells of the epidermis.  
 
________________________________________

68.

A severe type of hypothyroidism that is most common in females over age 50 is ________.  
 
________________________________________

69.

Hormones made of amino acids or proteins that bind to receptors on the surface of the cell are _______ hormones.  
 
________________________________________

70.

The four small glands embedded into the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are the _______ glands.  
 
________________________________________

71.

The ________ gland is a small gland located between the cerebral hemispheres that secretes a hormone called melatonin.  
 
________________________________________

72.

The hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is ________, sometimes called the lactogenic hormone.  
 
________________________________________

73.

The _______ stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormones.  
 
________________________________________

74.

The hormones ________ and thymopoietin promote the production of T lymphocytes.  
 
________________________________________

75.

The gland that lies between the lungs and secretes the hormones thymosin and thymopoietin is the ________.  
 
________________________________________

76.

The ________ is located in the diencephalon of the brain and produces the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).  
 
________________________________________

77.

The ________ gland, also known as the hypophysis, is located at the base of the brain and is controlled by the hypothalamus.  
 
________________________________________

78.

Any stimulus that produces stress is called a(n) ________.  
 
________________________________________

79.

The body's physiologic response to stress consists of a group of reactions called the general _______, which is primarily caused by the release of hormones.  
 
________________________________________

80.

Prolonged stress causes the release of the hormone ________.  
 
________________________________________