The Nervous System Test Bank Ch29

Student name:__________

1) The __________ of the cerebrum, shown at letter J, contains somatosensory areas that interpret sensations felt on or within the body.

2) The __________ of the cerebrum, shown at letter I, contains visual areas that interpret what a person sees.

3) Letter H indicates the __________, which coordinates the complex skeletal muscle contractions needed for body movements.

4) Letter G in the figure refers to the __________, which controls heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, as well as several reflexes.

5) The __________, shown at letter F, regulates respiration and contains nerve tracts to connect the cerebrum to the cerebellum.

6) Lying just beneath the diencephalon, the __________ (shown at letter E) controls both visual and auditory reflexes.

7) Letter D shows the __________, which maintains homeostasis by regulating hunger, thirst, and body temperature.

8) The __________, shown at letter C, serves as a relay station for sensory information.

9) Letter B indicates the __________, a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.

10) The __________, which contains motor areas that allow a person to move, is shown at letter A.

11) If the membrane of an axon becomes depolarized enough, a nerve impulse, also called a(n) __________, is created.

12) The sensory or __________ nerves are responsible for detecting sensory information and bringing it to the CNS for interpretation.

13) Star-shaped cells within the nervous system that anchor blood vessels to the nerve cells are called __________.

14) The __________ nervous system controls organs that are not under voluntary control.

15) The __________ is a structure that connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord.

16) The portion of the neuron that contains the nucleus and the organelles that are typical of any cell is the __________.

17) The subarachnoid space contains __________, which cushions the CNS.

18) The __________ is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two halves called hemispheres.

19) The thickening of the spinal cord in the neck region is called the __________ enlargement and contains the motor neurons that control the muscles of the arms.

20) The "bumps" of brain matter between the sulci are called gyri or __________.

21) A thick bundle of nerve fibers called the __________ connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.

22) The outermost layer of the cerebrum is called the cerebral __________ and contains nearly 75% of all the neurons in the entire nervous system.

23) The __________ nerves are peripheral nerves that originate from the brain.

24) The function of a(n) __________ is to receive information for the neuron. It is usually short and branches profusely near the cell body.

25) When the outside of a neuron's membrane becomes less polar, the neuron has __________.

26) The tracts of the spinal cord that carry sensory information up to the brain are called __________ tracts.

27) The __________ tracts of the spinal cord carry motor information down from the brain to muscles and glands.

28) The __________ is located between the cerebral hemispheres superior to the brainstem and includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.

29) The __________ root of spinal nerves contains axons of sensory neurons only.

30) Efferent nerves transmit nerve impulses to muscles and __________ in the body.

31) Collections of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS are called __________ .

32) The axons not insulated by the myelin sheath are known as __________ matter.

33) The "bumps" of brain matter between the sulci are __________, or convolutions.

34) The __________ maintains homeostasis by regulating many vital activities, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate.

35) The __________ acts as a go-between or interpreter between the afferent and efferent nerves.

36) Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital __________.

37) The thickening of the spinal cord in the lumbar region is called the lumbar __________ and contains the motor neurons that control the muscles of the legs.

38) An inflammation of the meninges is called __________ and can be caused by bacterial, viral, and fungal infections.

39) Small cells within the nervous system that act as phagocytes, watching for and engulfing invaders, are __________.

40) The membranes of Schwann cells contain large amounts of __________, which is a fatty substance that insulates the axons and allows them to send nerve impulses quickly.

41) Extending from the cell body of a neuron are axons and dendrites, which are two types of nerve __________.

42) The group of disorders commonly referred to as nerve pain in which the most common symptom is severe skin pain that occurs most frequently in the nerves of the face is called __________.

43) The __________ cells are cells that do not transmit impulses, but function as support cells for neurons and never lose their ability to divide.

44) Chemicals called __________ are released by the synaptic knob to allow impulse transmission to continue to the postsynaptic structures, which consist of the dendrites, cell bodies, and axons of other neurons.

45) __________ are specialized neuroglial cells that assist in the production of the myelin sheath.

46) The __________ branch of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for resting and digesting by keeping the heart and breathing rates low.

47) Patients with nervous system disorders may have a wide variety of signs and symptoms, but the most common are headache, muscle weakness, and __________, or loss of feeling.

48) When a neuron is at rest or without stimulation, the outside of its membrane is positively charged and the inside is negatively charged. As long as the neuron is at rest, it remains in this __________ state.

49) The return of an axon to its original polar (resting) state is called __________.

50) The cell membrane of the __________ cell contains large amounts of myelin, which insulates the axons and allows them to send nerve impulses quickly.

51) When the sciatic nerve is damaged by excessive pressure on the nerve from prolonged sitting or lying down, the patient has __________.

52) A(n) __________ occurs when parts of the brain receive a burst of electrical signals that disrupt normal brain functioning.

53) The division of the peripheral nervous system that governs the body's skeletal or voluntary muscles is the __________ nervous system.

54) Between the arachnoid mater and pia mater is an area called the __________ space, which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to cushion the CNS.

55) The grooves on the surface of the cerebrum are called __________.

56) The __________ division of the autonomic nervous system prepares organs for stressful or emergency situations.

57) The __________ at the end of the axon branches contain small sacs called vesicles, which produce the neurotransmitters that are needed to allow impulse transmission to continue to the postsynaptic structures.

58) Located in the diencephalon, the __________ serves as a relay station for sensory information that goes to the cerebral cortex for interpretation.

59) The __________ root of spinal nerves contains axons of motor neurons only.

60) Interconnected cavities within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are called __________.

61) Synaptic knobs contain small sacs called __________, which produce neurotransmitters.

62) Which of these electrolytes plays an important role in the generation of nerve impulses?

A) calcium
B) potassium
C) phosphate
D) magnesium
E) sulfur

63) Anything that inflames the CNS will cause __________.

A) pain
B) the blood-brain barrier to become more permeable
C) motor tremors
D) abnormal respirations
E) hypertension

64) At which vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

A) first lumbar vertebra
B) first sacral vertebra
C) first thoracic vertebra
D) twelfth thoracic vertebra
E) coccyx

65) The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord contains __________.

A) a viscous liquid
B) sensory neurons
C) motor neurons
D) muscle fibers
E) a watery fluid

66) Which component of a neuron contains organelles and produces the protein and energy needed to carry out its functions?

A) cell body
B) axon
C) dendrites
D) Schwann cells
E) nerve fibers

67) What components of a neuron are usually short and branch profusely near a cell body?

A) cell bodies
B) axons
C) dendrites
D) Schwann cells
E) neuroglial cells

68) The function of __________ is to send information or nerve impulses away from the cell body.

A) cells
B) axons
C) dendrites
D) Schwann cells
E) neuroglial cells

69) Which of the following has membranes that contain large amounts of myelin that insulates the axons and allows them to send nerve impulses quickly?

A) cell body
B) axon
C) dendrites
D) Schwann cells
E) nerve fibers

70) Which of the following are only found in the central nervous system and act as interpreters between the afferent and efferent nerves?

A) sensory neurons
B) microglia
C) motor neurons
D) astrocytes
E) interneurons

71) Which of the following has an effect on the speed of impulse conduction?

A) synaptic knob
B) neurotransmitter
C) axon diameter
D) interneuron
E) dendrite length

72) What is located at the end of the axon branches that allows impulse transmission to continue to other neurons?

A) synaptic knob
B) neurotransmitter
C) axon diameter
D) interneuron
E) cell body

73) The __________ causes muscles to contract or relax and glands to secrete products.

A) synaptic knob
B) axon diameter
C) neurotransmitter
D) interneuron
E) cell body

74) Which of the following can either stimulate neurons to send a nerve impulse or inhibit them from sending an impulse?

A) synaptic knob
B) axon diameter
C) neurotransmitter
D) interneuron
E) cell body

75) The toughest and outermost layer of the meninges is the __________.

A) subarachnoid space
B) dura mater
C) pia mater
D) arachnoid mater
E) epidural space

76) Which of the following are the membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord?

A) meninges
B) dermatomes
C) neurotransmitters
D) interneurons
E) ganglia

77) The middle layer of the meninges, named for its spider web-like appearance, is the __________.

A) subarachnoid space
B) dura mater
C) pia mater
D) epidural space
E) arachnoid mater

78) The __________ is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater and contains cerebrospinal fluid.

A) dura mater
B) pia mater
C) meninges
D) subarachnoid space
E) epidural space

79) What is the innermost delicate layer of the meninges, which sits directly on top of the brain and spinal cord and holds blood vessels onto the surface of these structures?

A) subarachnoid space
B) dura mater
C) pia mater
D) arachnoid mater
E) epidural space

80) Which of the following describes the gray matter of the spinal cord?

A) It is the outer part of the spinal cord.
B) It contains neuron cell bodies.
C) It contains myelinated axons.
D) Its divisions are called columns.
E) It has groups of axons called nerve tracts.

81) Which of the following describes the white matter of the spinal cord?

A) It is the inner part of the spinal cord.
B) It contains neuron cell bodies.
C) Its divisions are called horns.
D) It contains myelinated axons.
E) It has bulges or sections called horns.

82) The __________ of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain to the muscles and glands.

A) ascending track
B) descending track
C) central canal
D) reflex
E) neuroglia

83) Which of the following structures of the spinal cord carries sensory information to the brain?

A) ascending track
B) descending track
C) central canal
D) reflex
E) neuroglia

84) Which of the following can cause a motor response without getting information from the brain?

A) ascending track
B) descending track
C) central canal
D) reflex
E) neuroglia

85) A(n) __________ is an automatic response to a stimulus.

A) ascending track
B) descending track
C) ganglia
D) reflex
E) neuroglia

86) Which of the following is the groove between the two hemispheres of the brain?

A) corpus callosum
B) lateral sulcus
C) gyrus
D) central sulcus
E) longitudinal fissure

87) What are the “bumps” of brain matter between the sulci are called

A) gray matter
B) white matter
C) lobes
D) gyri
E) longitudinal fissures

88) The __________ is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two halves.

A) cerebrum
B) corpus callosum
C) pons
D) medulla oblongata
E) midbrain

89) A thick bundle of nerve fibers called the __________ connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

A) cerebrum
B) corpus callosum
C) gyri
D) longitudinal fissure
E) sulci

90) Which of the following are the grooves on the surface of the cerebrum?

A) cerebellum
B) corpus callosum
C) sulci
D) gyri
E) convolutions

91) Which lobe of the brain interprets auditory stimuli?

A) frontal
B) parietal
C) temporal
D) occipital
E) midbrain

92) Which lobe of the brain interprets visual stimuli?

A) frontal
B) parietal
C) temporal
D) occipital
E) midbrain

93) Which lobe of the brain controls motor activity?

A) frontal
B) parietal
C) temporal
D) occipital
E) midbrain

94) Which lobe of the brain interprets sensations felt in or on the body?

A) frontal
B) parietal
C) temporal
D) occipital
E) midbrain

95) Which of the following connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord?

A) cerebrum
B) brainstem
C) cerebellum
D) diencephalon
E) cortex

96) Which of the following coordinates complex skeletal muscle contractions as well as fine movements?

A) cerebrum
B) spinal cord
C) cerebellum
D) pons
E) medulla oblongata

97) Which of these is located behind the pons and medulla oblongata?

A) cerebrum
B) brainstem
C) cerebellum
D) diencephalon
E) midbrain

98) What part of the brainstem regulates respiration?

A) cerebrum
B) brainstem
C) cerebellum
D) pons
E) diencephalon

99) Which of the following controls visual reflexes?

A) midbrain
B) pons
C) thalamus
D) medulla oblongata
E) hypothalamus

100) Which of these controls blood pressure, as well as coughing and sneezing reflexes?

A) midbrain
B) pons
C) thalamus
D) medulla oblongata
E) hypothalamus

101) Which of the following cranial nerves innervates muscles for chewing?

A) olfactory nerves
B) trochlear nerves
C) trigeminal nerves
D) facial nerves
E) abducens nerves

102) The __________ nerves act in the muscles that move the eyeball.

A) olfactory
B) trochlear
C) trigeminal
D) facial
E) optic

103) The cranial nerves that carry sensory information from the tongue are the __________.

A) olfactory nerves
B) trochlear nerves
C) trigeminal nerves
D) abducens nerves
E) facial nerves

104) The __________ nerves carry information about odors to the brain.

A) olfactory
B) trochlear
C) trigeminal
D) facial
E) glossopharyngeal

105) Which of these cranial nerves carry sensory information from the skin of the scalp and face?

A) olfactory nerves
B) trochlear nerves
C) trigeminal nerves
D) facial nerves
E) oculomotor nerves

106) Which cranial nerves innervate the muscles of the throat, neck, and voice box?

A) hypoglossal nerves
B) accessory nerves
C) vagus nerves
D) vestibulocochlear nerves

107) What type of nerves carry sensory information from the throat and tongue to the brain for interpretation?

A) Hypoglossal
B) Accessory
C) Vagus
D) Glossopharyngeal
E) Abducens

108) Which cranial nerves innervate the muscles of the tongue?

A) Hypoglossal nerves
B) Accessory nerves
C) Vagus nerves
D) Glossopharyngeal nerves
E) Trigeminal nerves

109) Which nerves carry sensory information from the thoracic and abdominal organs to the brain?

A) hypoglossal
B) accessory
C) vagus
D) glossopharyngeal
E) trigeminal

110) Which of the following describes the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A) It secretes norepinephrine.
B) It increases the heart rate.
C) It prepares the body for "fight or flight."
D) It releases acetylcholine.
E) It inhibits the stomach muscles.

111) Which of the following describes the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A) It secretes norepinephrine.
B) It slows the heart and respiratory rates.
C) It releases acetylcholine.
D) It activates the digestive glands.
E) It prepares the body for resting.

112) Which of the following tests can be used to detect bleeding in the brain or spinal cord?

A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) cerebral angiography
D) electroencephalography
E) computerized tomography

113) Which type of test can be used to diagnose Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases?

A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) cerebral angiography
D) electroencephalography
E) lumbar puncture

114) Which of the following diagnostic procedures enables the examination of cerebrospinal fluid?

A) MRI
B) lumbar puncture
C) cerebral angiography
D) electroencephalography
E) computerized tomography

115) The diagnostic test that detects electrical activity in the brain is a(n) __________.

A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) cerebral angiography
D) electroencephalography
E) computerized tomography

116) Which of the following diagnostic tests is useful in detecting aneurysms in the brain?

A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) cerebral angiography
D) electroencephalography
E) lumbar puncture

117) Which type of headache causes soreness in the temples and can occur daily for weeks?

A) migraine
B) cluster
C) tension
D) circular
E) neural

118) Which type of headache often has an aura that may appear as jagged lines or flashing lights and the detection of strange odors?

A) migraine
B) cluster
C) tension
D) circular
E) neural

119) __________ headaches are generally more severe and intense than other types and are more often experienced by men.

A) Migraine
B) Cluster
C) Tension
D) Circular
E) Neural

120) __________ is a degenerative disease of the brain.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) Guillain-Barré syndrome
D) Stroke
E) Multiple sclerosis

121) Which condition is generally caused when brain cells die because of an inadequate blood flow?

A) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
B) multiple sclerosis
C) epilepsy
D) Bell’s palsy
E) stroke

122) A chronic disease caused by demyelination of nerve tissue is __________.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) multiple sclerosis
D) epilepsy
E) sciatica

123) Which disorder occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system?

A) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
B) multiple sclerosis
C) epilepsy
D) Bell's palsy
E) Guillain-Barré syndrome

124) Which of the following occurs when parts of the brain receive a burst of electrical signals that disrupt normal brain activity?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) multiple sclerosis
D) epilepsy
E) Bell's palsy

125) Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, __________ is a degenerative disease of the spinal cord and brain.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) multiple sclerosis
D) epilepsy
E) meningitis

126) In what order does an impulse flow through a typical reflex?

A) interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons, receptors, effectors
B) receptors, motor neurons, interneurons, sensory neurons, effectors
C) receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons, effectors
D) effectors, motor neurons, interneurons, sensory neurons, receptors
E) interneurons, motor neurons, effectors, sensory neurons, receptors

127) Mrs. Tanneman has brought her husband to your office because she says "he just doesn't seem to understand anything anymore." She says he often just sits on the couch for hours staring into space and does not respond when she speaks to him. When he does respond to her questions, sometimes his answers don't have anything to do with the question she asked. Which of the following neurological tests would provide the most helpful information about Mr. Tanneman's health?

A) lumbar puncture
B) computerized tomography
C) MRI
D) X-ray
E) PET scan

128) Vanessa has just been diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome. She is very worried because she has heard terrible things about this syndrome. “I don’t want to die!” she says. Which of the following would be the best response to give her?

A) “Physical therapy can help keep your muscles strong after paralysis sets in.”
B) “With proper medical treatment, this disease is not fatal; you may recover completely.”
C) “We can use respirators and heart machines to keep you alive.”
D) “You will not die, but you will probably be permanently paralyzed.”
E) “There is no cure for Guillain-Barré syndrome.”

129) Marc is in the office today because his face has felt “numb” for the last 24 hours. He also has a headache, and he says his eyes have been “watering.” Which of the following diagnoses would the practitioner be likely to make, considering these symptoms?

A) Guillain-Barré syndrome
B) Lou Gehrig's disease
C) Bell's palsy
D) meningitis
E) neuralgia

130) Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, __________ is a degenerative disease of the spinal cord and brain.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) multiple sclerosis
D) epilepsy
E) meningitis