Exam Prep The Respiratory System Wyma Chapter 28

Student name:__________

1) Letter K on the figure represents the __________, a muscle that contracts and relaxes to control the amount of space in the thoracic cavity.

2) Letter J designates the __________, which contain the bronchial trees and alveoli.

3) Letter I on the figure represents the __________, which branch off the tertiary bronchi within the lungs.

4) The __________, designated by letter H, are the main stems off the distal end of the trachea.

5) Letter G is the __________, which extends from the larynx to the bronchi.

6) The __________ (letter F) lies just above the trachea; it moves air in and out of the trachea and produces the sounds of the voice.

7) The opening between the vocal cords (Letter E on the figure) is the __________.

8) Letter D on the figure is the __________. a flap-like structure that closes off the larynx during swallowing.

9) Letter C on the figure is the __________, which belongs to both the respiratory system and the digestive system.

10) Letter B on the figure is the __________, which is made of bones and cartilage.

11) Letter A is the __________, a passage through which air flows to the pharynx.

12) The structure indicated by letter G is the __________, which is considered the "working tissue" of the lung.

13) The alveolar sac is connected to letter D, which is a(n) __________.

14) Letter A is a(n) __________, which branches off the tertiary bronchi.

15) The structure indicated by the letter F is a(n) __________.

16) The structure indicated by the letter E on the figure is the __________.

17) Allergic __________ is a hypersensitivity reaction to various airborne allergens.

18) Lung diseases that result from years of exposure to different environmental or occupational types of dust are called __________.

19) Another name for an upper respiratory tract infection (URI) or the common cold is __________.

20) The third cartilage of the larynx is called the __________ cartilage, which forms most of the posterior wall of the larynx and a small part of the anterior wall.

21) Symptoms of atelectasis include dyspnea, __________ or excessive perspiration, anxiety, tachycardia, and intercostal muscle retraction.

22) The medical term for a collapsed lung is __________.

23) The medical term for when a patient has difficulty breathing is ______.

24) A pleural effusion caused by an infective process may result in a pus buildup, which is known as __________.

25) The larynx is formed by three cartilages: the thyroid cartilage, the __________ cartilage, and the cricoid cartilage.

26) The __________ is the flap-like structure that closes off the larynx during swallowing so that food and liquids do not enter the respiratory system when swallowing occurs.

27) The __________, shown at letter E in the figure, transports air to the bronchi.

28) Letter D in the figure represents the __________, which forms most of the posterior wall of the larynx.

29) Letter A in the figure is the __________, which forms the framework for the epiglottis.

30) The largest cartilage in the larynx, indicated by letter C, is the __________.

31) The respiratory symptoms of lung cancer include a cough that worsens over time and __________, or coughing up blood.

32) A pleural effusion may consist of blood in the pleural cavity, called a(n) __________.

33) A pleural effusion caused by fluid in the pleural cavity is called a(n) __________.

34) Breathing rapidly and deeply, which decreases the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood, is called __________.

35) Inadequate oxygenation of the cells is called __________.

36) Difficulty breathing, especially when lying down, is a condition known as __________.

37) A pleural __________ may consist of blood, fluid, air, or pus in the pleural cavity.

38) Pleuritis, or __________, is a condition in which the pleura of the lungs become inflamed.

39) A condition in which the pleura become inflamed is __________ or pleurisy.

40) A pleural effusion that consists of air in the pleural cavity also is called a(n) __________.

41) A pleural effusion that consists of pus in the pleural cavity is called a(n) __________.

42) The fatty substance that helps maintain the inflation of the alveoli so that they do not collapse in on themselves between inspirations is called __________.

43) When a patient has fluid and/or pus in the pleural cavity, a(n) __________ is done to remove it.

44) A(n) __________ requires insertion of a tube into the pleural cavity to continually drain the fluid.

45) In severe cases of snoring, patients may need surgery to trim excess tissues in the throat; this is called a(n) __________.

46) The function of the respiratory system is to move air in and out of the lungs. This process is called __________, respiration, or breathing.

47) Most of the oxygen in the bloodstream binds to the heme portion of __________ in red blood cells.

48) Hemoglobin bound to oxygen is bright red in color and is called __________.

49) When carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin, it forms __________.

50) Most of the carbon dioxide that enters the blood is converted to __________ by red blood cells.

51) Carbon monoxide gas is poisonous to humans and is particularly dangerous because it binds to the same receptor sites on hemoglobin as does __________.

52) How does the level of carbon dioxide in the person’s blood change when a person hyperventilates?

A) increases
B) decreases
C) increases only during inhalation
D) increases only during exhalation
E) decreases only during exhalation

53) Normally, when blood levels of carbon dioxide rise, __________.

A) the rate and depth of breathing increase
B) the rate of breathing increases, and breathing becomes shallow
C) the rate of breathing decreases, and breathing becomes shallow
D) the rate of breathing decreases, but depth of breathing increases
E) the rate and depth of breathing decrease

54) Which of the following can normally cause an increased respiratory rate and depth?

A) increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
B) decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
C) increased oxygen level in the blood
D) increased pH in the blood
E) decreased pH in the blood

55) Which of the following describes the function of cilia?

A) mucus-secreting cells in the lower bronchial tree
B) tiny structures in the airways that trap and hold foreign material
C) tiny hair-like structures in the airways that push mucus toward the pharynx
D) composed of macrophages and destroy inhaled pathogens
E) flap-like structures that close off the larynx during swallowing

56) Which of the following extend(s) from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

A) pharynx
B) nasal septum
C) nasal conchae
D) cilia
E) paranasal sinuses

57) Which of the following lines the nasal cavity and helps remove pathogens?

A) pharynx
B) nasal septum
C) nasal conchae
D) cilia
E) paranasal sinuses

58) The nasal cavity is divided by the __________.

A) pharynx
B) nasal septum
C) nasal conchae
D) cilia
E) paranasal sinuses

59) Which of these are tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange occurs?

A) bronchioles
B) alveoli
C) pleura
D) cilia
E) bronchi

60) Which of the following allow the lungs to move freely in the thorax due to the secretion of a serous fluid?

A) bronchioles
B) alveoli
C) cilia
D) glottis
E) pleura

61) The __________ are the part of the respiratory tree to which the alveoli are attached.

A) bronchioles
B) alveoli
C) pleura
D) epiglottis
E) capillaries

62) What is the medical term for the opening between the vocal cords?

A) bronchus
B) nasal cavity
C) glottis
D) epiglottis
E) pharynx

63) Which of the following prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing?

A) alveoli
B) pleura
C) glottis
D) epiglottis
E) pharynx

64) Which of the following does not occur when air enters the lungs?

A) Thoracic pressure decreases.
B) The diaphragm flattens.
C) The diaphragm relaxes.
D) The intercostal muscles raise the ribs.
E) The amount of space in the thoracic cavity increases.

65) Which of these occurs when air leaves the lungs?

A) The diaphragm relaxes.
B) Thoracic pressure decreases.
C) The diaphragm flattens, enlarging the thoracic cavity.
D) The intercostal muscles raise the ribs.
E) Air pressure in the lungs becomes lower than atmospheric pressure.

66) Which of the following does not affect the respiratory rate?

A) pons
B) carbon dioxide in the blood
C) medulla oblongata
D) pH of the blood
E) pain

67) Which of the following exerts control on the respiratory rhythm?

A) fear
B) pons
C) pH of the blood
D) medulla oblongata
E) pain

68) Which of the following is the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume?

A) inspiratory capacity
B) residual volume
C) vital capacity
D) total lung capacity
E) forced vital capacity

69) What is the amount of air forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation called?

A) tidal volume
B) inspiratory reserve volume
C) peak expiratory flow
D) residual volume
E) expiratory reserve volume

70) The amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs during a normal breath is the __________.

A) tidal volume
B) inspiratory reserve volume
C) expiratory reserve volume
D) residual volume
E) inspiratory capacity

71) What is the amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation called?

A) tidal volume
B) inspiratory reserve volume
C) expiratory reserve volume
D) residual volume
E) inspiratory capacity

72) What is the amount of air that remains in the lungs at all times called?

A) expiratory reserve volume
B) functional residual capacity
C) vital capacity
D) total lung capacity
E) residual volume

73) The __________ is the total amount of air that the lungs can hold.

A) expiratory reserve volume
B) residual volume
C) vital capacity
D) total lung capacity
E) peak expiratory flow

74) The total amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after the deepest inhalation possible is the __________.

A) expiratory reserve volume
B) residual volume
C) vital capacity
D) total lung capacity
E) tidal volume

75) Which of the following is caused by a virus and lasts 5–10 days?

A) COPD
B) influenza
C) Legionnaire's disease
D) pleurisy
E) emphysema

76) In which condition does inflammation cause an obstruction in the tubes of the bronchial tree?

A) asthma
B) bronchitis
C) pleurisy
D) pneumonia
E) atelectasis

77) Smokers are much more likely to develop __________ than are nonsmokers, and repeated episodes increase a person's chance of eventually developing lung cancer.

A) asthma
B) bronchitis
C) pleurisy
D) pneumonia
E) atelectasis

78) In which disorder is airflow to the lungs limited and do the alveoli become enlarged?

A) asthma
B) tuberculosis
C) COPD
D) pneumonia
E) allergic rhinitis

79) Which of the following is an acute type of bacterial pneumonia caused by bacteria found in air conditioning systems?

A) COPD
B) influenza
C) Legionnaire's disease
D) pleurisy
E) laryngitis

80) Which of these is a chronic condition that damages the alveoli in the lungs due to stretching of the spaces between the alveoli and paralyzes the cilia of the respiratory system?

A) asthma
B) emphysema
C) pleurisy
D) pneumonia
E) SARS

81) Which of the following is a collection of air in the chest around the lungs, which may cause atelectasis?

A) pulmonary edema
B) pulmonary embolism
C) SARS
D) emphysema
E) pneumothorax

82) Which of the following conditions may occur when heart function declines and fluid fills spaces of the lungs?

A) pulmonary edema
B) pulmonary embolism
C) TB
D) pneumothorax
E) RDS

83) __________ is a blockage in an artery in the lungs and is frequently the result of immobility.

A) pulmonary edema
B) pulmonary embolism
C) pneumothorax
D) sinusitis
E) pneumoconiosis

84) Which of the following is a relatively new respiratory disease caused by a virus that is very contagious and sometimes fatal?

A) SARS
B) sinusitis
C) SIDS
D) TB
E) RDS

85) It is best to position a baby on its back for sleep to decrease the chance of __________. This is especially important for those known to be at risk, those with previous apneic episodes, or those who have lost a sibling.

A) SARS
B) COPD
C) SIDS
D) TB
E) RDS

86) Which of the following is caused by smoking or by exposure to radon, asbestos, or industrial carcinogens?

A) influenza
B) Legionnaire's disease
C) lung cancer
D) pleuritis
E) atelectasis

87) Which of these is not caused by cigarette smoking?

A) laryngitis
B) bronchitis
C) pleuritis
D) lung cancer
E) emphysema

88) Which of the following is not a form of pneumoconiosis?

A) anthracosis
B) bronchitis
C) asbestosis
D) silicosis
E) black lung disease

89) Mr. Adams is 46 years old, is 5 feet 6 inches tall, and weighs 278 pounds. He has no physical complaints, but has come to the office because lately his wife has been complaining more and more about his snoring. She says it keeps her awake at night. He wonders if there is anything he can do about it, but he warns, "I won't wear one of those machine things at night!" When taking his history, you note that his tonsils were removed when he was 14. He has no allergies and does not complain of nasal congestion. He does not drink alcohol. Which of the following suggestions is most likely to help Mr. Adams with his snoring problem?

A) "Drink a glass of wine before going to bed each night."
B) "Surgery is probably the best way to relieve your snoring."
C) "Take an over-the-counter sleep aid so you will sleep more soundly."
D) "A CPAP machine is a good option, and you won't mind it once you get used to it."
E) "Losing weight is a good way to help reduce your snoring, and you'll be healthier, too."

90) Georgia is a 27-year-old patient who has allergic rhinitis. She has a severe allergy to animal dander, which causes sneezing and severe congestion. She is engaged to marry Bob, who has a cat. The cat is almost 15 years old and has been with Bob since it was a kitten. Finding another home for the cat is not an option—neither Bob nor Georgia wants to do that. Unfortunately, over-the-counter antihistamines have not worked and Georgia states that she is still very congested. What alternatives might the practitioner suggest for Georgia?

A) Double the amount of antihistamine she is taking.
B) Wear a mask when the cat is in the room.
C) Do not allow the cat into the bedroom at night.
D) See an allergist for desensitization injections.
E) There is no other option but to get rid of the cat.

91) Denise is a 24-year-old who has been diagnosed with SARS. She has a fever, headache, and says she just aches all over. She is very worried, though, because she is a single mother and has two young children, ages 3 and 5. She knows that SARS is highly contagious and sometimes fatal, and she does not want to transmit the disease to her children. Which of the following might be your best suggestion for Denise?

A) "Don't worry; children have a natural immunity to most diseases."
B) "Just be sure to wash your hands before feeding the children."
C) "Is there someone else your children could stay with until you recover?"
D) "Wear a mask and gloves at all times."
E) "Make sure the children wash their hands frequently."