Test Bank Answers The Reproductive Systems Ch.31

Student name:__________

1) The female reproductive cycle is initiated when the pituitary gland releases __________.

2) The hormone __________ causes the uterine lining to thicken.

3) In the female cycle, it is the falling levels of estrogen and __________ that cause the uterine lining to break down and menses to start.

4) Two hormones essential to effective breastfeeding are prolactin and __________.

5) The cell that is formed by the union of the sperm and egg is called a(n) __________.

6) Lack of ovulation is one cause of female __________.

7) Decreased levels of the hormone __________ can cause male infertility.

8) Women over the age of 40 have less than a(n) __________% chance of conceiving each month.

9) The structure indicated by number 1 in the figure is the __________.

10) Number 2 on the figure represents the __________.

11) Number 3 on the figure of the male reproductive system is the __________.

12) Number 4 on the figure of the male reproductive system shows the __________.

13) Number 5 on the figure of the male reproductive system shows the __________.

14) The __________ is shown at number 6 on the figure of the male reproductive system.

15) Number 7 on the figure of the male reproductive system is the __________.

16) Number 8 on the figure shows the __________ which is not part of the male reproductive system.

17) Number 10 on the figure of the male reproductive system represents the __________.

18) Number 11 on the figure of the male reproductive system is the __________.

19) On the figure of the male reproductive system, number 12 identifies the __________.

20) Number 13 on the figure of the male reproductive system shows the __________.

21) On the figure of the male reproductive system, number 14 shows the __________.

22) Number 15 on the figure of the male reproductive system represents the __________.

23) Number 1 on the figure of the female reproductive system shows the __________.

24) On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 2 indicates the __________.

25) On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 3 represents the __________.

26) On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 4 shows the __________.

27) Number 5 on the figure of the female reproductive system represents the __________.

28) On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 6 shows the __________.

29) Number 7 on the figure of the female reproductive system shows the __________.

30) On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 8 represents the __________.

31) On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 9 shows the __________.

32) On the figure of the female reproductive system, number 10 represents the __________.

33) The head of the sperm is covered with an enzyme-filled sac called a(n) __________, which helps the sperm penetrate an ovum at the time of fertilization.

34) Mammary glands contain __________ glands that produce milk under the influence of the hormone prolactin.

35) The pigmented area that surrounds the nipple is called the __________.

36) The surgery performed to deliver an infant through the mother’s abdominal wall is called a __________.

37) During the menstrual cycle, the __________ secretes progesterone, which causes the uterine lining to become more vascular and glandular.

38) Bulbourethral glands, also known as __________ glands, are inferior to the prostate gland and produce a mucus-like fluid that is secreted before ejaculation into the urethra.

39) The medical term __________, which is an undescended testicle, is a predisposing factor for testicular cancer.

40) The __________ is the innermost lining of the uterus, which is vascular with a rich blood supply and contains numerous tubular glands that secrete mucus.

41) The __________ is a highly coiled tube that receives spermatids from seminiferous tubules as these cells are formed and where spermatids mature to become sperm cells.

42) When the sperm cell unites with an ovum, it is called __________.

43) The infundibulum and its __________ "catch" an ovum as it leaves an ovary.

44) When a vasectomy is performed as a form of birth control, the vas deferens is cut and tied, or __________, to prevent sperm from reaching the ovum.

45) The upper, domed portion of the uterus is called the __________.

46) The surgical removal of the uterus is called a(n) __________.

47) A group of cells in the blastocyst that gives rise to an embryo is called the __________.

48) The cells located between the seminiferous tubules that produce testosterone are the __________cells.

49) The labia __________ are rounded folds of adipose tissue and skin that serve to protect the other external female reproductive organs.

50) The labia __________ are folds of skin with a high degree of vascularity that merge together anteriorly to form a hood over the clitoris.

51) The __________ ducts deliver milk through openings in the nipples.

52) The hormone that stimulates the enlargement of mammary glands is __________.

53) The first menstrual period is known as __________.

54) At their anterior ends, the labia majora form the__________, which is a fatty area that overlies the pubic symphysis.

55) The__________ carries sperm cells from an epididymis to the urethra in the pelvic cavity of the male.

56) The surgical method used in males in which each vas deferens is cut to prevent sperm from being ejaculated is called a(n) __________.

57) The space enclosed by the labia minora is called the __________.

58) Only one sperm cell unites with the ovum, penetrating the follicular cells and a layer called the __________, which surrounds the cell membrane of the ovum.

59) The __________ is the middle, thick, muscular layer of the uterus.

60) An immature ovum is called a primary __________.

61) The process of ovum formation is called __________.

62) The fallopian tube is also called a(n) __________.

63) The forceful contractions and abdominal compressions that force the fetus from the uterus into the vagina are called expulsion or __________.

64) The __________ is a thin layer that covers the myometrium. It secretes serous fluid that coats and protects the uterus.

65) The __________ allows nutrients and oxygen from maternal blood to pass to embryonic blood. It also allows waste products from the fetal blood to pass into maternal blood.

66) The piece of skin that covers the glans penis is called the __________.

67) The cells of the inner cell mass organize into layers called __________ layers, from which all organs are formed.

68) Before a female child is born, __________ develop in her ovarian cortex, which contain primary oocyte and follicular cells.

69) The __________ test is performed shortly after a baby is born to determine how well the baby is breathing and how well the heart is working.

70) Which of the following begin the process of developing sperm cells?

A) testes
B) bulbourethral glands
C) glans penis
D) spermatogenic cells
E) epididymis

71) At the beginning of spermatogenesis, cells are called __________ and contain 46 chromosomes.

A) spermatogenic cells
B) semen
C) spermatogonia
D) spermatocytes
E) sperm cells

72) Which of the following carries sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra?

A) vas deferens
B) seminal vesicle
C) seminiferous tubule
D) bulbourethral gland
E) prostate gland

73) The __________ produces a milky, alkaline fluid and secretes this fluid into the urethra just before ejaculation to protect the sperm when they enter the acidic environment of the female vagina.

A) bulbourethral gland
B) prostate gland
C) seminal vesicle
D) testis
E) epididymis

74) Which structure secretes an alkaline fluid rich in sugars and prostaglandins?

A) bulbourethral glands
B) prostate gland
C) seminal vesicles
D) testes
E) epididymis

75) What surrounds the proximal urethra in the male?

A) bulbourethral gland
B) prostate gland
C) seminal vesicle
D) testis
E) epididymis

76) A mixture of sperm cells and fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands forms __________.

A) spermatogenic cells
B) spermatogonia
C) spermatogenesis
D) seminal fluid
E) semen

77) Which of the following are considered the primary organs of the male reproductive system because they produce sperm and testosterone?

A) testes
B) bulbourethral glands
C) seminiferous tubules
D) spermatogenic cells
E) seminal vesicles

78) Each lobule of the testes is filled with __________, which are filled with the spermatogenic cells that give rise to sperm cells.

A) spermatogonia
B) spermatocytes
C) seminiferous tubules
D) bulbourethral glands
E) spermatids

79) Which of the following makes a fluid that lubricates the penis for sexual intercourse?

A) testes
B) bulbourethral glands
C) seminiferous tubules
D) spermatogenic cells
E) prostate gland

80) Which of the following is the inability to maintain an erection long enough to complete sexual intercourse?

A) testicular cancer
B) impotence
C) prostate cancer
D) prostatitis
E) benign prostatic hypertrophy

81) Which of these conditions can cause pain during bowel movements?

A) testicular cancer
B) impotence
C) prostate cancer
D) prostatitis
E) benign prostatic hypertrophy

82) A lower sperm count is a sign of which of the following disorders?

A) testicular cancer
B) impotence
C) prostate cancer
D) prostatitis
E) benign prostatic hypertrophy

83) A lump in the testes can be caused by __________.

A) testicular cancer
B) impotence
C) prostate cancer
D) prostatitis
E) benign prostatic hypertrophy

84) Which of these structures of the female reproductive system produces progesterone and estrogen?

A) fallopian tube
B) cervix
C) vagina
D) ovary
E) uterus

85) In the female reproductive system, what “catches” the ovum as it leaves an ovary?

A) vestibular glands
B) infundibulum
C) vagina
D) urethra
E) cervix

86) The __________ provides a passageway for delivery of offspring as well as for uterine secretions.

A) vestibular gland
B) infundibulum
C) vagina
D) ovary
E) fallopian tube

87) Which of these secrete mucus during sexual intercourse?

A) vestibular glands
B) clitoris
C) vagina
D) ovary
E) fallopian tubes

88) Which of these contains the female erectile tissue and is rich in sensory nerves?

A) vestibular gland
B) clitoris
C) vagina
D) infundibulum
E) cervix

89) For which disorder are Pap smears often effective in early detection?

A) cervical cancer
B) cervicitis
C) dysmenorrhea
D) ovarian cancer
E) endometrial cancer

90) What is the medical term for cramps that are severe enough to limit normal activities?

A) cervical cancer
B) cervicitis
C) dysmenorrhea
D) ovarian cancer
E) fibroids

91) Which of the following disorders may cause a discharge from the nipples?

A) breast cancer
B) cervical cancer
C) cervicitis
D) dysmenorrhea
E) ovarian cancer

92) What is the medical term for benign tumors that grow in the uterine wall?

A) endometriosis
B) fibroids
C) cervicitis
D) vaginitis
E) cervical cancer

93) An abnormal amount of vaginal discharge is associated with __________.

A) ovarian cancer
B) fibroids
C) endometriosis
D) vaginitis
E) dysmenorrhea

94) The signs and symptoms of __________ are usually mild or indistinct until the disease has spread to other organs, making early detection difficult.

A) breast cancer
B) cervical cancer
C) cervicitis
D) dysmenorrhea
E) ovarian cancer

95) An inflammation of the cervix is __________.

A) endometriosis
B) fibroids
C) cervicitis
D) vaginitis
E) dysmenorrhea

96) In which of the following disorders do the tissues of the uterine lining grow outside the uterus?

A) endometriosis
B) fibroids
C) cervicitis
D) vaginitis
E) dysmenorrhea

97) Which of the following is caused by bacteria?

A) herpes simplex 2
B) crabs
C) trichomoniasis
D) chlamydia
E) AIDS

98) Which sexually transmitted infection (STI) causes contagious genital warts, has been implicated in an increased risk of cervical cancer in women, and currently has no treatment?

A) human papillomavirus (HPV)
B) crabs
C) trichomoniasis
D) chlamydia
E) syphilis

99) A parasitic protozoan causes __________.

A) herpes simplex 2
B) crabs
C) trichomoniasis
D) chlamydia
E) gonorrhea

100) __________ is caused by blood-sucking insects.

A) Herpes simplex 2
B) Crabs
C) Trichomoniasis
D) Chlamydia
E) Gonorrhea

101) Which of these implants in the wall of the uterus?

A) embryo
B) ovum
C) morula
D) blastocyst
E) zygote

102) Which period of pregnancy includes weeks 2–8?

A) embryonic
B) cleavage
C) neonatal
D) fetal
E) prenatal

103) The __________ period includes week 9 until delivery.

A) embryonic
B) cleavage
C) neonatal
D) fetal
E) prenatal

104) Which of these is the rapid cell division of the zygote?

A) embryo
B) amnion
C) morula
D) blastocyst
E) cleavage

105) Which of the following travels down the fallopian tubes to the uterus and becomes a blastocyst?

A) embryo
B) fetus
C) morula
D) cleavage
E) zygote

106) The middle layer of the embryo that becomes connective tissue is the __________.

A) amnion
B) ectoderm
C) mesoderm
D) endoderm
E) yolk sac

107) Which of these makes new blood cells for the fetus?

A) yolk sac
B) amnion
C) umbilical cord
D) mesoderm
E) ectoderm

108) The __________ is the protective sac around the embryo.

A) yolk sac
B) amnion
C) umbilical cord
D) mesoderm
E) ectoderm

109) Which of the following gives rise to epithelial tissues only?

A) amnion
B) ectoderm
C) mesoderm
D) endoderm
E) yolk sac

110) Which of these gives rise to nervous tissue?

A) amnion
B) ectoderm
C) mesoderm
D) endoderm
E) yolk sac

111) In fetal development, the __________ allows blood to bypass the liver.

A) foramen ovale
B) ductus arteriosus
C) ductus venosus
D) amnion
E) pulmonary trunk

112) Which of these is located between the right and left atria during fetal development?

A) foramen ovale
B) ductus arteriosus
C) ductus venosus
D) amnion
E) pulmonary trunk

113) During fetal development, the __________ is located between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta.

A) foramen ovale
B) ductus arteriosus
C) ductus venosus
D) amnion
E) extraembryonic cavity

114) Which method of contraception contains low doses of estrogen or progesterone?

A) rhythm
B) mechanical barriers
C) oral contraceptives
D) tubal ligation
E) chemical barriers

115) Which method of contraception relies on abstinence from intercourse when the female is ovulating?

A) rhythm
B) mechanical barriers
C) oral contraceptives
D) IUD
E) coitus interruptus

116) Which form of contraception requires the male to withdraw before ejaculation?

A) rhythm
B) mechanical barriers
C) coitus interruptus
D) IUD
E) oral contraceptives

117) The diaphragm is an example of a(n) __________.

A) rhythm method
B) mechanical barrier
C) oral contraceptive
D) IUD
E) chemical barrier

118) Which form of contraception prevents implantation of the blastocyst?

A) rhythm
B) mechanical barriers
C) oral contraceptives
D) IUD
E) chemical barriers

119) Marilyn is a patient at the OB/GYN clinic where you work. After two years of trying, she has failed to become pregnant. She has had extensive testing, which did not turn up any abnormalities. However, she says, "I know there must be something wrong with me. My husband says it has to be my fault, because men never have fertility problems." How should you respond?

A) "Don't worry; we will keep on testing until we find out exactly what your problem is."
B) "Actually, 35% of the time, infertility is due to male causes."
C) "There is nothing more we can do for you here; have you considered therapy?"
D) "Your husband is wrong; there is nothing wrong with you, so there must be something wrong with him."
E) "If you want to get pregnant, you have to start thinking more positively."

120) Geneva is 8 months pregnant when she finds out that she has acquired the herpes simplex 2 virus. She is looking forward to having the baby and plans a natural childbirth at a nearby birthing facility. What is the greatest danger with this plan?

A) Geneva may die in childbirth if she is having a herpes outbreak at the time.
B) Her husband may leave her if the baby is born with herpes.
C) There are no particular dangers, as long as both mother and baby receive antiviral medication.
D) Geneva may have trouble delivering the baby naturally because she has herpes.
E) Natural childbirth may cause the baby to contract the virus, with potentially fatal results.

121) Lee comes to the clinic with flu-like symptoms and general malaise. Upon testing, it is noted that he has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). You might expect the provider to order further tests to rule out which of the following conditions?

A) gonorrhea
B) syphilis
C) AIDS
D) herpes simplex
E) testicular cancer

122) Barth has been diagnosed with syphilis. While the provider was explaining the treatment course, you could tell that Barth was scared. After the provider left the room, Barth whispers, "I have heard the stories about syphilis! It can cause brain damage!" What is your best response to Barth?

A) "Only about 40% of people who have syphilis sustain brain damage from the disease."
B) "Yes, but effects on the brain occur in the tertiary stage—you have plenty of years before that happens."
C) "The provider will recommend an excellent neurologist to manage your disease."
D) "Syphilis is treatable with penicillin; if you follow the treatment regimen, you should not have brain damage."
E) "At least you know in advance, so you can arrange for a durable power of attorney."

123) Which of the following combined APGAR scores is considered normal for a newborn?

A) 1 to 3
B) 2 to 4
C) 4 to 6
D) 7 to 9
E) 10 to 12

124) A total APGAR score below __________ indicates that the baby may need medical support such as oxygen.

A) 11
B) 10
C) 8
D) 9
E) 7