Ecosystems Test Bank Docx Chapter 20

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 20 Ecosystems

1) If you were creating an example of an ecosystem, which of the following would you exclude?

A) different species of plants

B) different species of animals

C) water and how it flows

D) rocks and the nutrients they provide

E) You would include all of these as part of an ecosystem.

2) Bacteria can "fix" nitrogen from the atmosphere. This results in the formation of

A) nitrogen gas.

B) phosphorus.

C) ammonia.

D) amino acid.

E) acid rain.

3) Herbivores are at what trophic level within an ecosystem?

A) level 1

B) level 2

C) level 3

D) level 4

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

4) The total amount of energy fixed by photosynthetic organisms minus the energy used in their own metabolic activities is

A) primary productivity.

B) secondary productivity.

C) tertiary productivity.

D) net primary productivity.

E) net secondary productivity.

5) Loss of water from leaf surfaces of plants occurs through a process known as

A) transpiration.

B) evaporation.

C) dehydration.

D) grafting.

E) precipitation.

6) If you were drawing a diagram of the nitrogen cycle, which of the following would be excluded?

A) animal feces

B) excretions from birds

C) bacteria associated with the plants and soil

D) ammonia production

E) All of these could be included in a nitrogen cycle drawing.

7) Phosphorus is an essential element in all living things and is a component of

A) carbohydrates.

B) nearly all vitamins.

C) most amino acids.

D) ATP and DNA.

E) all lipids.

8) A type of ecosystem characterized by luminescent creatures eating debris can be found

A) in estuaries.

B) at the open ocean surface.

C) in shallow waters overlying the continental shelves.

D) in the deep sea waters, below the level of light penetration.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

9) A ________ is a type of major land ecosystem determined mostly by the features of the climate in the area. Many are actually named for the dominant plants or lack thereof.

A) biome

B) community

C) biosphere

D) land formation

E) habitat

10) ________ are found halfway between the equator and poles, covers the interior of major continents, and have been largely converted to agricultural use.

A) Temperate rain forests

B) Taigas

C) Grasslands

D) Savannas

E) Tropical rain forests

11) Found in the northern latitudes, ________, is one of the largest ecosystem that consists of coniferous trees and long, cold winters.

A) tundra

B) taiga

C) temperate deciduous forests

D) chaparral

E) temperate grassland

12) The tropics are warmer than the temperate regions because

A) there is less wind to cool it.

B) these areas are at a higher altitude and closer to the sun.

C) the sun's rays strike at a direct angle.

D) these areas are closer to the moon.

E) the sun's rays strike at an oblique angle.

13) Which zone in a lake is open-water surface?

A) profundal zone

B) limnetic zone

C) littoral zone

D) fundal zone

E) tidal zone

14) Which part of the lake is the deep-water zone where light does not penetrate?

A) profundal zone

B) limnetic zone

C) littoral zone

D) fundal zone

E) tidal zone

15) Life exists on Earth because of the constant flow of light energy from the sun that is transformed into chemical energy.

16) Tundra tends to be more northern than taiga.

17) Deserts cover approximately 50% of the earth's surface.

18) The community plus its habitat make up an ________.

19) A ________ ________ in a community is made up of the organisms feeding at the same number of "steps" away from the sun.

20) The ________ region is the part of an ocean's shallow water zone that is exposed to air whenever the tide recedes.

21) Plants are the primary ________ in the food chain of an ecosystem.

22) Deserts that occur on the back sides of mountain ranges are due to an effect called a ________ ________.

23) Uncontrolled growth of algae in an aquatic ecosystem, caused by excessive inputs of nutrients, is known as ________.

24) ________ are intermediates between seawater and freshwater that occur when a river mouth and coastal bay meet.

25) When energy flows through an ecosystem, only ________ of energy passes from one level to the next.

A) 1% to 2%

B) 5% to 20%

C) 25% to 35%

D) 36% to 45%

E) 46% to 55%

26) The carbon cycle begins with plants building organic molecules from

A) organic compounds in the soil.

B) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

C) fossil fuels.

D) carbon dioxide in the soil.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

27) Certain bacteria are capable of transforming atmospheric nitrogen into a form other organisms can use through a process known as

A) combustion.

B) nitrogen oxidation.

C) nitrogen fixation.

D) nitrogen reduction.

E) ammonia reduction.

28) In the annual cycle of a temperate lake, thermal stratification occurs during

A) spring overturn.

B) the summer.

C) fall overturn.

D) the summer and winter.

E) the fall and winter.

29) If you were making a list of detritivores, which of the following would you exclude?

A) worms

B) vultures

C) fungi

D) crabs

E) You would include all of these as examples of detritivores.

30) Which of the following are considered decomposers?

A) worms and vultures

B) vultures and fungi

C) fungi and bacteria

D) crabs and worms

E) worms and bacteria

31) It takes the earth ________ to orbit around the sun.

A) 8 hours

B) 12 hours

C) 1 day

D) 1 year

E) 1 month

32) The earth completes one rotation about its axis every

A) 8 hours.

B) 12 hours.

C) 24 hours.

D) 30 days.

E) 365 days.

33) You observe a cat catch and eat a grasshopper. Because grasshoppers feed on leaves, the cat would be considered a

A) decomposer.

B) producer.

C) primary consumer.

D) secondary consumer.

E) tertiary consumer.

34) If you were eating corn on the cob, you would be eating at which trophic level?

A) level 1

B) level 2

C) level 3

D) level 4

E) level 5

35) The moisture that travels up from the plants and into the atmosphere falls back to the earth as rain.

36) A rain shadow lies on the leeward side of a mountain.

37) The flow of energy is in one direction, but nutrients within ecosystems ________.

38) Describe the environmental water cycle.

39) How have humans altered the global water cycle?

40) If you came across a lake and found large amounts of dead algae and dead fish, you would suspect

A) poachers.

B) thermally stratification.

C) eutrophication.

D) ozone poisoning.

E) overactive photosynthesis.

41) If you visiting a warm biome with huge herds of grazing animals in wide open landscapes, you would be in the

A) tropical rainforest.

B) taiga.

C) prairie.

D) savanna.

E) temperate grassland.

42) Which of the following biomes is characterized by having permafrost, small trees, and large grazing mammals?

A) tundra

B) taiga

C) temperate deciduous forests

D) chaparral

E) savanna

43) If you were studying the interconnections among five food chains, you would be studying a ________ ________.

44) ________ are animals at the second trophic level and are considered primary consumers of ecosystems.

45) According to the biomass pyramid, organisms at trophic level 3 have higher biomass than those at level 2.

46) ________ ________, such as coal or oil, are produced by plants that are buried under pressure.

47) In which part of the carbon cycle does carbon present in limestone return to the oceans?

A) respiration

B) combustion

C) photosynthesis

D) precipitation

E) erosion