Test Bank Questions Complete Test Bank Ch6

Chapter 6 Test Bank Questions

Define the following terms:

1. Alexander Maconochie
2. autonomous boards
3. back-door options
4. banishment
5. clemency
6. collateral contacts
7. commutation of sentence
8. consolidated boards
9. determinate sentencing
10. discretionary release
11. Elmira Reformatory
12. evidence-based practices
13. executive clemency
14. executive pardon
15. expiration or unconditional mandatory release
16. front-door options
17. indentured servants
18. indeterminate sentencing
19. intermediate system
20. Irish system
21. mark system
22. new crime violation
23. notice of revocation of parole
24. parole d’honneur
25. parole officers
26. presumptive parole date
27. reentry
28. Reentry Movement
29. revocation hearing
30. Second Chance Act of 2008
31. Sir Walter Crofton
32. Strengths-Based Case Management
33. supervised mandatory release
34. technical violation
35. ticket-of-leave
36. transportation
37. Zebulon R. Brockway
38. What term represented a promise from prisoners of war who were released on the condition that they would not return to battle?
    1. mea culpa
    2. parole d’honneur
    3. parens patriae
    4. stare decisis
    5. habeas corpus
39. Probation is an early release mechanism that occurs while offenders are incarcerated.
    1. True
    2. False
40. ________________is where criminals are forced out their village or town for life.
    1. Banishment
    2. Transportation
    3. Parole
    4. Indentured servitude
41. How was Alexander Maconochie different from former penal colony governors?
    1. He treated prisoners with respect by getting to know them.
    2. Built churches and schools.
    3. Used flogging and chains to gain compliance.
    4. a, b, and c
    5. a and b
42. Upon accomplishing the steps of Maconochie’s mark system, what did prisoners earn?
    1. full marks
    2. exit slips
    3. ticket-of-leave
    4. parole
43. In Sir Walter Crofton’s intermediate system, what occurred during the initial stage?
    1. Inmates earned marks by finishing assigned tasks.
    2. Inmates served time in solitary confinement.
    3. Inmates were worked in free society.
    4. Inmates were supervised in the community.
44. In Crofton’s system, once prisoners earned their ticket-of-leave, they were released into the community and supervised by local police. This is similar to modern day?
    1. House arrest
    2. Indeterminate sentencing
    3. Probation Plus
    4. Parole
45. What type of sentencing model works best for inmates to reduce their time imprisoned?
    1. Determinate sentencing
    2. Indeterminate sentencing
    3. Mandatory sentencing
    4. Rehabilitative sentencing
46. The Elmira Reformatory implemented all of the following except?
    1. Earned privileges for good behavior
    2. Purposeful labor
    3. Corporal punishments
    4. Educational training
47. What factor did not lead to the move to abolish parole in the 1980s?
    1. Rehabilitation was viewed as not working
    2. Determinate sentencing was seen as being incompatible with parole
    3. Recidivism rates began to climb
    4. Parole became too expensive
48. Which two statements below best capture the dual meaning of parole?
    1. Parole is the conditional release of an offender from incarceration after part of the prison sentence has been served.
    2. Parole is the required discharge of an inmate to conditional supervision.
    3. Parole is when an offender spends a period of time under supervision in the community.
    4. a and b
    5. a and c
    6. b and c
49. Which of the following release mechanisms do not require supervision of offenders in the community?
    1. Parole
    2. Supervised mandatory release
    3. Discretionary release
    4. Expiration release
50. Set shortly before arrival to prison, a ____________________ is when the inmate will be released assuming the inmate does not violate any laws or prison rules and continues to follow any treatment or other programs while incarcerated.
    1. presumptive parole date
    2. predetermined parole date
    3. discretionary release date
    4. prepared parole date
51. Most members of state parole boards are elected.
    1. True
    2. False
52. State X’s parole board is comprised of individuals who are part of the department of corrections. What type of board does state X have?
    1. Autonomous
    2. Consolidated
    3. Presumptive
    4. Selective
53. The United States Supreme Court has held that discretionary parole is a right of offenders and should be protected.
    1. True
    2. False
54. Research confirms that persons released under conditional supervision tend to recidivate ________________ than those who are released outright without any supervision.
    1. more
    2. about the same
    3. less

Consider the following factors that often appear on instruments that assess risk for parole success. Which ones are static factors and which ones are dynamic factors?

1. Age when first admitted to a correctional facility
   1. static
   2. dynamic
2. Prior incarcerations
   1. static
   2. dynamic
3. Prison infractions and other disciplinary actions during incarceration
   1. static
   2. dynamic
4. Participation in treatment program in prison
   1. static
   2. dynamic
5. The offense that led the offender to the current prison sentence.
   1. static
   2. dynamic
6. Even those under mandatory supervised release are supervised by parole officers.
   1. True
   2. False
7. Which contacts noted below that parole officers make on their clients’ behalf would not be considered a collateral type?
   1. Parolee’s employer
   2. Parolee’s drug treatment counselor
   3. Emails to parolee
   4. Phone call to community service agency
8. What type of parole requires little to no contact with the parole officer over the length of time under supervision?
   1. Administrative parole
   2. Mandatory supervised parole
   3. Probationary parole
   4. Low risk parole
9. Parole officers with special caseloads might supervise offenders who?
   1. Have mental health needs
   2. Committed certain crimes such as sex offenses
   3. Have substance use disorders
   4. a and b
   5. a, b, and c
10. Parole revocation for a technical violation is automatic.
    1. True
    2. False
11. In parole revocation hearings, parolees are guaranteed all of the following due process rights except?
    1. Right to hear evidence against them
    2. Advance written notice of the alleged violation in a timely manner
    3. Right to be represented by an attorney
    4. The opportunity to confront and cross-examine witnesses
    5. All of the above are due process rights that must be guaranteed
12. A/an ______________________ of sentence grants the offender a reduction in prison time where the number of months or years remaining to be served are decreased.
    1. executive pardon
    2. commutation
    3. revocation
    4. administration
13. Only federal inmates can be released early from prison.
    1. True
    2. False
14. All of the following are examples of back-door options to reduce prison crowding and related costs, except?
    1. probation
    2. parole
    3. prison release without supervision
    4. transitional placement in a community residential facility
15. Physical health problems are more prevalent among the offender population, particularly those with mental illnesses with co-occurring substance abuse problems.
    1. True
    2. False
16. What is one of the greatest barriers to formerly incarcerated persons’ successful reintegration into the community?
    1. Obtaining employment
    2. Finding stable housing
    3. Having reliable transportation
    4. All of the above
17. All of the following are reasons why reliable transportation is vital for successful reentry except?
    1. If under post-release supervision, without reliable transportation ex-offenders could not make office visits to their community control/parole officer.
    2. Without transportation, keeping a job becomes challenging.
    3. Ex-offenders without reliable transportation will be returned to prison.
    4. Transportation is needed so ex-offenders can patriciate in treatment programs.
18. Of all of the following legal issues, which one is critical upon release from prison?

Restoring lost voting rights

Taking care of past due child support payments

Reinstating driving privileges

Overcoming barriers that mandate occupational licenses such as those required in certain health, education, and legal professions

Obtaining personal identification such as driver’s license or other photo identification, social security card, and birth certificate

What did the Second Chance Act of 2008 provide?

financial support through federal grant funding for formalized reentry programs

mandatory job training for persons returning to the community after a period of incarceration

funding for transitional housing programs operated by state and federal corrections agencies

funding for each state to develop mental health courts

Programs and services that apply the 11 Principles of Effective Intervention can expect to reduce recidivism by at least_____.

10%

30%

50%

75%

Evidence-based practices requires the following combined elements:

Integration of the best research evidence

Clients’ input regarding their values, beliefs, and concerns

Clinicians’ expertise on services and treatments available to the client

a and b

a, b, and c

Research studies have documented that case management approaches to service delivery ________________ recidivism among offender populations.

increase

reduce

have no effect on

At the core, what makes the strengths-based case management approach unique?

The community is a key resource in recovery and reentry.

It provides for case advocacy for clients even when resources are not immediately available.

Assessment is an important component.

The client is specifically empowered to direct treatment and helping efforts.

Short-Answer Questions

1. Describe the steps of Maconochie’s mark system.
2. What are two justifications for parole and two arguments against?
3. What benefits do parole guidelines provide?
4. Other than risk of recidivism, what are five examples of criteria that parole boards take into consideration when making decisions to grant parole?
5. Besides parole and expiration of sentence, name and describe two other forms of early release from prison.
6. Name and provide examples of the two mechanisms that can be utilized to reduce prison crowding and costs.
7. Detail the cycle of challenges ex-offenders face when they are released from prison and how they are related.
8. What is the case management approach to service delivery?