Test Bank Docx Ch5 Test Bank Questions

Chapter 5 Test Bank Questions

Define the following terms:

1. boot camps
2. broad category
3. caseload
4. community control
5. community corrections
6. community residential centers
7. community service
8. community-based correctional facilities
9. conventional model
10. criminogenic needs
11. day reporting centers
12. dual role
13. economic sanctions
14. electronic monitoring
15. fines
16. halfway houses
17. home confinement
18. intensive supervision probation
19. intermediate sanctions
20. mental health court
21. Model System
22. need principle
23. net widening
24. new crime violation
25. numbers game model
26. presentence investigation report
27. probation
28. responsivity principle
29. revocation hearing
30. risk principle
31. service fees
32. shock incarceration
33. special assessments
34. specialized caseloads model
35. technical violation
36. victim impact statement
37. Options that lie somewhere between regular probation and prison are best known as?
    1. community corrections
    2. intermediate sanctions
    3. indeterminate sentences
    4. community service
38. Consider the following lists of sanctions. Which one denotes the order of sanctions from most severe to least?
    1. traditional probation, fines, split sentences, prison/jail
    2. prison/jail, house arrest, restitution, community service
    3. intensive probation, boot camps, split sentences, fines
    4. fines, restitution, prison/jail, house arrest
39. Probation is considered one of the more effective sanctions with many studies showing that probationers have lower recidivism rates compared to those serving time in jail.
    1. True
    2. False
40. Who is considered the “Father of Probation?”
    1. John Howard
    2. Jeremy Bentham
    3. Edward Latessa
    4. John Augustus
41. In most jurisdictions, victims cannot share information about how the offense affected them in the presentence investigation report.
    1. True
    2. False
42. Which of the following reasons would a judge not grant defendants probation?
    1. Age and rehabilitation potential of the defendant
    2. Judge’s feelings towards the particular offender or the offense
    3. The attitude of the community toward the particular offense and the particular offender
    4. a and b only
    5. a, b, and c
43. Which of the following probation conditions seek change and are intended to motivate conforming behavior once probation has ended?
    • 1. No association permitted with known offenders
      2. No use of alcohol or drugs
      3. Community service
      4. Payment of fines
      5. Restitution to the victim
      6. Mandatory drug/alcohol testing or treatment
44. I, and II
45. I, III, and V
46. III, IV, V, VI
47. I, III, V, VI
48. VI only
49. Leaving the jurisdiction while on probation would be a ________________violation.
    1. technical
    2. new crime
    3. service
    4. control
50. Probation officers play a variety of roles when supervising probationers. What is the name of the role that involves telling clients about services and programs in the community that could benefit them?
    1. Detector
    2. Broker
    3. Advocate
    4. Mobilizer
    5. Information Manager
51. What role is a probation officer carrying out when they remove barriers that may be in the way of their clients who are accessing the benefits and resources they need to be successful on probation?
    1. Enabler
    2. Evaluator
    3. Mediator
    4. Advocate
    5. Enforcer
52. Which probation officer role involves preventing problems before they occur by making sure the right resources are made accessible for their clients or creating structure for their clients to make ensure compliance with probation conditions occurs?
    1. Detector
    2. Evaluator
    3. Mediator
    4. Mobilizer
    5. Information Manager
53. Probation officers are given what is called a ___________________ of clients to manage.
    1. convention
    2. caseload
    3. list
    4. report
    5. sample
54. In this type of case assignment, clients are randomly assigned to available probation officers in the department.
    1. Numbers Game model
    2. Conventional Model
    3. Conventional Model with Geographic Considerations
    4. Specialized Caseload Model
    5. Model System
55. Probation officers are assigned cases based on their expertise in handling clients with certain characteristics in this model.
    1. Numbers Game Model
    2. Conventional Model
    3. Conventional Model with Geographic Considerations
    4. Specialized Caseload Model
    5. Model System
56. In the _______________, clients are classified based on how many hours per month a probation officer will need to spend on the client related to their risks and needs to determine the total caseload size.
    
    1. Numbers Game Model
    2. Conventional Model
    3. Conventional Model with Geographic Considerations
    4. Specialized Caseload Model
    5. Model System
57. What is the ideal caseload per probation officer?
    1. Depends on the risk level of the clients
    2. There is not one
    3. Whatever makes sense for that jurisdiction
    4. As many as they can handle
58. Smaller probation officer caseloads means reduced recidivism.
    1. True
    2. False
59. What promising option is available for probationers with mental illnesses and/or substance use disorders?
    1. Multijurisdictional court
    2. Mental health court
    3. Drug court
    4. Revocation court
60. Intermediate sanctions are the same as community corrections.
    1. True
    2. False
61. Which of the following was not an unstated purpose of intermediate sanctions?
    1. They created an “appearance” of correctional reform.
    2. They helped institute a mechanism for reclaiming limited probation and parole resources.
    3. They could provide probation administrators and legislators with an effective response to the more punitive orientation of the public.
    4. They provide cost-effective alternatives to incarceration for prison and jail-bound offenders.
62. Intermediate sanctions may not work any better than traditional forms of punishment, but they certainly are not any worse and are cheaper.
    1. True
    2. False
63. Of the following intermediate sanctions, which would be most successful at helping offenders remain employed?
    1. Probation
    2. Home confinement
    3. Boot camps
    4. a, b, and c
    5. a and b only
64. Why is intensive supervision probation considered probation plus?
    1. There are added security and controls.
    2. It sounds tougher.
    3. The legislature mandated it.
    4. There are extra days on probation.
65. For intensive supervision probation, probation officer caseloads should be __________________ and contacts should be ___________________.
    1. reasonable, restricted
    2. small, frequent
    3. balanced, made in person
    4. conventional, systematic
66. What is one reason why offenders serving intermediate sanction sentences might be more likely to fail?
    1. The sanctions are not developed enough to really know why.
    2. The clients are failing the treatment component of the sanction.
    3. Clients are often under more surveillance and get caught committing more technical violations.
    4. Prisons are just more effective sanctions with or without rehabilitation programming.
67. By the mid-1980s, the main reason to sentence offenders to HC was?
    1. the need to control overcrowding jail and prison populations.
    2. for humanitarian purposes.
    3. to prevent offenders from being subjected to the destructive environment of incarceration.
    4. to rehabilitate and reintegrate offenders into the community.
68. Sentencing offenders to an intermediate sanction who normally would not have been sent to prison anyway can lead to?
    1. institutional gapping
    2. diversion lapses
    3. net widening
    4. plus monitoring
69. In what intermediate sanction are smartphones beginning to play a large role in monitoring offenders serving their sentence in the community?
    1. boot camp programs
    2. probation with day reporting
    3. home confinement with electronic monitoring
    4. community residential centers
70. Electronic monitoring devices are quite effective.
    1. True
    2. False
71. Which of the crimes below could still be committed from the home?
    1. Child abuse
    2. Drug sales
    3. Assaults
    4. Identity theft
    5. All of the above
72. _________________ are different from other sanctions in that they serve as a residential facility for offenders who are being monitored or supervised on some form of early release.
    1. Intensive probation
    2. Halfway houses
    3. Boot camps
    4. Traditional probation
73. What are short-term residential facilities where there is a focus on rehabilitation and reintegration after release for individuals convicted of non-violent felonies called?
    1. day reporting centers
    2. boot camps
    3. jails
    4. community-based correctional facilities
74. In this type of intermediate sanction, offenders denote where they will be at all times and how they will get from place to place and participate in treatment programs.
    1. day reporting centers
    2. boot camps
    3. jails
    4. community-based correctional facilities
75. Many research studies report lower recidivism rates among boot camp participants compared to prison inmates.
    1. True
    2. False
76. There are higher staff turnover rates in boot camps than in prisons.
    1. True
    2. False
77. What are the most common non-custodial punishment in the U.S.?
    1. community service
    2. fines
    3. restitution
    4. probation
78. Fees for the public defender, preparing the presentence investigation report, and for drug testing or evaluations for drug/alcohol abuse are called?
    1. service fees
    2. special assessments
    3. broad category
    4. planning monies
79. All convicted offenders, regardless of income level, will pay $500 for committing a drug crime. This is known as a?
    1. Day fine
    2. Restitution fine
    3. Fixed-sum fine
    4. Report fine
80. Two offenders are convicted of shoplifting, which carries a fine that is equivalent to a specific unit of the individual’s income. This is known as a?
    1. Day fine
    2. Restitution fine
    3. Fixed-sum fine
    4. Report fine
81. While still a popular sanction for minor offenses, community service as the lone punishment is not all that common.
    1. True
    2. False
82. Which principle of effective classification would agree that we should not place individuals who are not likely to reoffend in institutions and programs with more serious offenders?
    1. Risk
    2. Need
    3. Responsivity
    4. Integrity
    5. Fidelity
83. Antisocial attitudes, anti-social friends, substance abuse, lack of empathy, and impulsive behaviors are examples of __________________.
    1. general needs
    2. responsive needs
    3. self-control needs
    4. criminogenic needs
84. If we place clients who have difficulty reading in a treatment program that requires journaling and role playing while reading off cards, we are violating what principle?
    1. Risk
    2. Need
    3. Responsivity
    4. Integrity
    5. Fidelity
85. ____________ factors are those that can be changed through intervention programs and services and ____________ factors are those that cannot be affected by programming.
    1. Static, dynamic
    2. Dynamic, static
    3. Risk, static
    4. Dynamic, risk
86. Many offenders are assessed for risk and needs but few are assessed for responsivity.
    1. True
    2. False
87. Community corrections sanctions are often better at addressing criminogenic and general needs because of all of the following reasons except?
    1. There are usually more programs available in free society.
    2. There are more services available in the community than there are in prisons.
    3. There are similar services and programs available in prison.
    4. There is less difficulty in having to readjust back into society.
88. Research has shown for over 25 years that few treatment programs actually work.
    1. True
    2. False
89. When the growth of intermediate sanctions surged in the mid-late 1980s and early 1990s, we witnessed numerous offenders receiving a correctional supervision sentence merely because judges had something to give them.
    1. True
    2. False
90. Once the menu of intermediate sanctions expanded, defendants who committed crimes the court usually imposed a regular probation sentence were now placed under intensive supervision probation where their behaviors were monitored more intensely and violations could lead to a revocation of the term in exchange for prison time. This is an example of?
    1. Casting stronger nets
    2. Casting wider nets
    3. Casting different nets
    4. Casting expanded nets
91. An example of casting this type of net widening is when a judge adds on community service to a regular probation sentence or imposes shock incarceration prior to serving a straight probation term.
    1. Wider nets
    2. Different nets
    3. Stronger nets
    4. Expanded nets

Short-Answer Questions

1. What are three reasons why probation is considered a more positive alternative to incarceration?
2. What are two purposes of the presentence investigation report?
3. Explain the dual role of probation officers.
4. Why does caseload size matter in probation?
5. Explain the punishment ladder relative to sanction severity.
6. Why were intermediate sanctions implemented?
7. How does home confinement differ from intensive supervision probation?
8. How can halfway houses differ from one another?
9. Name and detail how the principles of effective classification operate.
10. What are two potential problems with offender assessment?