Exam Prep 1st Edition Ch.7 Test Bank Questions

Chapter 7 Test Bank Questions

Define the following terms:

1. aftercare
2. balanced probation
3. balanced approach
4. boob tube therapy
5. boot camps
6. Bridewell Institution
7. child savers
8. community treatment
9. cottage
10. day-night centers
11. detention centers
12. electronic monitoring
13. Elmira Reformatory
14. evidence-based practices
15. family group conferencing
16. formal probation
17. global positioning system (GPS)
18. goal confusion
19. home confinement
20. house of refuge
21. informal probation
22. intensive probation supervision
23. Lancaster State Industrial School for Girls
24. Lyman School for Boys
25. nonsecure detention
26. nullification
27. operant conditioning
28. parens patriae
29. pre-disposition report
30. preventive detention
31. probation
32. probation plus
33. reformatories
34. restitution
35. restorative justice
36. secure detention
37. shock incarceration
38. social history investigation
39. state training schools
40. therapeutic detention
41. token economy programs
42. wilderness programs
43. What were the first official and separate institutions for juveniles known as?
    1. juvenile institutions
    2. houses of refuge
    3. reformatories
    4. training facilities
44. All of the factors below were thought to contribute to crime committed by juveniles except?
    1. Alcohol consumption
    2. Immigration
    3. Religion
    4. Commercial Entertainment
45. What system or model is based on the 19^th century philosophy that aimed to create a homelike environment in juvenile institutions the reformers felt was missing from youth’ lives?
    1. Residential
    2. Reformatory
    3. Training
    4. Congregate
46. Which statement is false concerning the first placement of youth into the house of refuge?
    1. The children sent there did not really commit crimes.
    2. Sometimes juveniles were placed in the facilities despite parental objections.
    3. The length of commitment was based on a youth’s sentence.
    4. Some children ran away from the facilities.
47. Of the major types of institutions for juveniles, which list below is correct in terms of chronological order of their development? In other words, which came first, second, and third.
    1. Reformatories, Houses of Refuge, Training Schools
    2. Houses of Refuge, Reformatories, Training Schools
    3. Training Schools, Houses of Refuge, Reformatories
    4. Reformatories, Training Schools, Houses of Refuge
48. Prior to the establishment of the juvenile court, juvenile institutions were all of the following except?
    1. basically prisons for youth
    2. did not offer real treatment
    3. relied on strict discipline
    4. not as crowded as their adult counterparts
49. Reformatories were better at separating deviant and destitute youth from true criminal youth compared to previous institutions.
    1. True
    2. False
50. State training schools are the juvenile justice system’s equivalent of the adult prison.
    1. True
    2. False
51. Since the mid-1970s, there has been a movement toward placing status offenders and delinquents in the same state-operated institutions.
    1. True
    2. False
52. What are the characteristics of the cottage model?
    1. setup closely paralleled the family
    2. they were located in cities
    3. youth could be placed in foster homes
    4. a and b
    5. a and c
53. Which juvenile facility type’s primary purpose is to hold youth awaiting the next stage in the juvenile process?
    1. detention centers
    2. training schools
    3. reformatories
    4. jails
54. Most youth are held in publically funded facilities.
    1. True
    2. False
55. The number of youth in residential placement __________________ between 1977 to present day.
    1. increased
    2. decreased
    3. remained steady
56. Which of the following lists of characteristics best represents the largest population of youth held in detention centers?
    1. white, male, status offenders
    2. black, male, status offenders
    3. white, male, non-status offenders
    4. black, male, non-status offenders
57. In general, state statutes would not agree with which of the following reasons a judge placed a juvenile in detention?
58. Evidence that the juvenile is a fugitive from another jurisdiction
59. The commission of truancy as the offense for which the juvenile is being adjudicated
60. An objective risk prediction instrument finding that the juvenile is likely to commit another offense while awaiting further proceedings
61. Notice that the juvenile has no home to reside in while waiting future proceedings
62. Of the different factors that may prompt a detention decision, the risk of additional offending and being a danger to the community are the most important.
    1. True
    2. False
63. Which United States Supreme Court case held that preventive detention was permissible in keeping with the parens patriae philosophy of the juvenile court?
    1. Miller v. Alabama
    2. Schall v. Martin
    3. Mapp v. Ohio
    4. Thompson v. Oklahoma
64. Of the following, who would be more likely to be held in secure detention?
    1. victims of abuse or neglect
    2. youth who need assistance
    3. juveniles who commit serious personal crimes
    4. youth who are not a danger to themselves or society
65. In addition to educational services, detention is required to provide essential health care to the youth.
    1. True
    2. False
66. Many training schools follow the ________________ system in terms of their structure.
    1. cottage
    2. family
    3. reformatory
    4. integrated
67. ____________________ are short-term programs incorporating a basic military model that relies on strict discipline, physical training, and drilling.
    1. Wilderness camps
    2. Training schools
    3. Probation plus
    4. Boot camps
68. The goal of these programs are to teach youth survival skills, limits, and self-esteem.
    1. Wilderness programs
    2. Training schools
    3. Probation plus
    4. Boot camps
69. The popularity for boot camps and wilderness programs has ________________.
    1. diminished
    2. intensified
    3. remained consistent
70. ____________ of the youth in custody in the United States experience at least one type of victimization.
    1. One third
    2. Half
    3. Three-quarters
    4. All
71. Which of the following are technical violations of misconduct youth engage in during custody?
    1. refusing the participate in required activities
    2. being in prohibited areas of the facility
    3. possessing weapons or drugs
    4. a and b
    5. b and c
    6. a, b, and c
72. Female residents commit more serious violations in residential facilities than males do.
    1. True
    2. False
73. Treatment for mental health and co-occurring disorders is severely lacking in institutions for youth.
    1. True
    2. False
74. Which of the following would not be considered an example of community treatment for youth?
    1. Small group homes
    2. Training school
    3. Probation
    4. Restitution
    5. All of the above are examples
75. What is the most common form of community treatment for juveniles?
    1. Community service
    2. Detention
    3. Probation
    4. Group counseling
    5. Restitution
76. The development of the juvenile court and probation were justified as appropriate under the belief that?
    1. juveniles were in need of punishment
    2. juveniles could be rehabilitated
    3. the public had a responsibility in protecting wayward youth
    4. a and c
    5. b and c
77. What is the most frequent status offense resulting in a probation disposition?
    1. ungovernability charges
    2. liquor law violations
    3. truancy
    4. vaping
    5. running away
78. What document in the juvenile court system is similar to the presentence investigation report utilized in the criminal court?
    1. social history investigation report
    2. recommendation report
    3. diversionary report
    4. indictment
79. All of the following are common for youth under informal probation except?
    1. close monitoring by a probation officer
    2. used in cases for youth committing minor transgressions
    3. youth released on promise that they will not engage in future offending
    4. often reserved for cases where juveniles have limited offense histories
80. Juvenile probation officers assume a role similar to that of ______________, which can entail referral to other sources of help or providing counseling services.
    1. police officers
    2. school teachers
    3. parents
    4. social workers
    5. judges
81. Which of the following would not be considered an example of a probation plus program?
    1. boot camp
    2. restorative justice
    3. intensive supervision probation
    4. home confinement
    5. balanced probation

1. Which of the following is an example of a balanced probation program?
   1. juveniles perform home repair for aging community members
   2. juveniles assist in voter registration
   3. juveniles create shelters for needy populations
   4. juvenile paint homes and public buildings
   5. all of the above are examples
2. When can restitution programs for juveniles be required?
   1. During probation as a condition of probation
   2. During intake as part of a diversion program
   3. only a
   4. only b
   5. a and b
3. Restitution programs have been criticized on the following grounds except?
   1. they follow a philosophy of retribution
   2. they can widen the net
   3. they are a rehabilitation program
   4. a and b
   5. b and c
4. There is evidence that youth who are ordered to make restitution tend to recidivate at lower levels than those not participating in such a program.
   1. True
   2. False
5. What is the most common type of restorative justice program used with youth?
   1. victim-offender mediation
   2. family group conferences
   3. neighborhood reparative boards
   4. sentencing circles
6. What is the parallel of adult parole for juveniles after release from secure custody?
   1. aftercare
   2. juvenile parole
   3. probation
   4. transitioning
7. The balanced approach to intervention combines which of the following philosophies?
   1. rehabilitation, retribution, deterrence
   2. deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation
   3. rehabilitation, retribution, restorative justice
   4. reintegration, retribution, incapacitation
8. What can help reduce goal confusion?
   1. balanced approach
   2. classical retribution
   3. medical model
   4. systems theory

Short-Answer Questions

1. Who were the child savers and what approaches did they advocate to control crime committed by juveniles?
2. Why were the daily operations and impact of the houses of refuge questionable?
3. Differentiate between therapeutic and preventive detention.
4. Explain how token economy programs work.
5. Provide two arguments for and two arguments against training schools.
6. What does role reversal in the institution mean and how does it affect juvenile correctional facilities?
7. What are four arguments in support of community corrections programs?
8. Name and describe one monetary and one community form of restitution.
9. What does the success of restorative justice programs rely upon? Explain.
10. Illustrate goal confusion in community corrections for juveniles.