Test Bank Questions Chapter.4 Exam Questions 1st Edition

Chapter 4 Test Bank Questions

Define the following terms:

1. contraband
2. convict subculture
3. deprivation model
4. desintitutionalization
5. fundamental democratization
6. gleaning
7. hands-off approach
8. hands-on approach
9. housing unit officers
10. importation model
11. industrial shop and school officers
12. mass incarceration
13. paramilitary model
14. perimeter security officers
15. prison lifestyle
16. prisonization
17. Prisonsers' Rights Movement
18. pseudofamilies
19. restrictive housing
20. social groups
21. solitary confinement
22. straight subculture
23. thief subculture
24. total institution
25. transinstitutionalization
26. work detail supervisors
27. yard officers
28. Whether inmate or officer, the informal adjustments needed to navigate and adapt to a stressful, yet monotonous interpersonal environment creates a social system that is unique to the prison.
    1. True
    2. False
29. A ____________________ a collection of individuals who share similar characteristics and circumstances and in interaction with one another become united. In the prison, this is referred to as the inmate ___________________.
    1. social group, code
    2. social group, subculture
    3. grouping, environment
    4. grouping, experience
    5. subculture, experience

1. During what time were prisons more homogenous and every inmate suffered the same deprivations?
   1. After the Prisoners’ Rights Movement
   2. Before the Prisoners’ Rights Movement
   3. Prisons are still this way for the most part
2. In the mid-1970s, life within the prison walls began to look like life on the outside: racially, politically, and religiously divided.
   1. True
   2. False
3. What events occurred that changed inmate adaption to prison in the mid-1970s?
   1. Gangs began to enter the prisons.
   2. Racial and ethnic divisions broke down the traditional inmate subculture.
   3. Political and religious differences created factions.
   4. All of the above
4. Adaptation to prison is a complex process known as _________________.
   1. transinstitutionalization
   2. prisonization
   3. social group
   4. desintitutionalization
   5. total institution
5. There is no reason to believe that elements of a unique prison subculture exist in less secure facilities.
   1. True
   2. False

For each of the following phrases, note whether what is described aligns more with the deprivation model or the importation model.

1. Lack of personal autonomy in prison environment
   1. Deprivation
   2. Importation
2. Straight and thief subcultures
   1. Deprivation
   2. Importation
3. Values and norms found in the prison subculture are similar to the ones on the streets
   1. Deprivation
   2. Importation
4. Limited to no access to goods and services
   1. Deprivation
   2. Importation
5. Constantly living in fear or victimization
   1. Deprivation
   2. Importation
6. What does it mean for an inmate to be gleaning?
   1. Doing their own time
   2. Retreating into protective custody
   3. Taking advantage of the prison’s offerings
   4. Understanding how prison works
7. Which of the following inmate subcultures would we find individuals who will likely recidivate upon release just so they can return to prison?
   1. The Mean Dude
   2. The Hedonist
   3. The Opportunist
   4. The Retreatist
   5. The Colonist
8. Of the following, which best represents when the mass incarceration era occurred?
   1. early 1950s
   2. early 1960s
   3. 1960s-1970s
   4. Late 1970s-early 1980s
   5. 1980s-2000s
9. The policies that set in motion the mass incarceration era resulted in more individuals over the age of 55 being housed in U.S. prisons today compared to 40-50 years ago.
   1. True
   2. False
10. Inmates can increase “good time credits” by participating in various prison programs.
    1. True
    2. False
11. Adjustment to prison differs across the sexes with one sex having more difficulty than the other. Which of the follow is most accurate in this regard?
    1. Women fear being abandoned.
    2. Men have lack of support from spouses and significant others on the outside.
    3. Women value privacy more.
    4. a and b
    5. a and c
12. Inmates organize into these quasi-family structures with women taking on roles as parents and children in order to compensate for the loss of emotional support, intimacy, and social ties they once had in free society.
    1. Detached families
    2. Pseudofamilies
    3. Pro-families
    4. Multi-families
13. With the arrival of the Civil Rights Movement, many groups began to seek legitimacy for their grievances and remedies to solve their problems through the use of court decisions. This is known as ___________________.
    1. Inmate litigation
    2. Fundamental democratization
    3. Writ of certiorari
    4. Legislative hearing
14. If an inmate grieves the censure of her mail, what Amendment may be violated?
    1. First
    2. Fourth
    3. Fifth
    4. Eighth
    5. Fourteenth
15. Living in overcrowded conditions in prison may be a civil rights violation of the?
    1. First
    2. Fourth
    3. Fifth
    4. Eighth
    5. Fourteenth
16. If a women’s prison does not have equal access to a law library or legal assistance, what Amendment has been violated?
    1. First
    2. Fourth
    3. Fifth
    4. Eighth
    5. Fourteenth
17. What piece of legislation restricted the number of lawsuits inmates can bring against state correctional facilities that challenge their conditions?
    1. Fundamental Democratization Act
    2. Prison Litigation Reform Act
    3. Prison Rape Elimination Act
    4. Harrison Act
    5. Three Strikes Act
18. All of the following were implications of the Prisoners’ Rights Movement, except?
    1. Inmates no longer are required to participate in treatment programs.
    2. Inmates can now buy televisions, radios, and other amenities.
    3. Inmates are now required to participate in vocational classes.
    4. Punishment for similar crime will no longer be the same for all inmates.
    5. All of the above
19. Which of the following types of inmates are more prone to victimization in the prison?
    1. Inmates with mental disabilities
    2. Elderly inmates
    3. Physically dominating inmates
    4. a, b, and c
    5. a and b
20. Which of the following are common methods utilized in prisons to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS in prison?
    1. Voluntary or mandatory testing to determine who is infected with HIV
    2. Making condoms available to reduce sexual transmission
    3. Providing prevention and education to reduce its spread
    4. b and c
    5. a and c
21. What does not appear to be effective in treating substance abuse?
    1. Programs that take place a few months before an inmate’s release from prison.
    2. Focused efforts on younger inmates who are more at risk.
    3. Services that are maintained upon and after release from prison.
    4. Intensive programs that last 9-12 months.
    5. All of the above are effective.

1. Special offender populations include HIV/AIDs, substance abusers, elderly, and the mentally ill.
   1. True
   2. False
2. ______________ is when an inmate is first in a hospital setting, released, and then re-confined by the criminal justice system.
   1. Re-institutionalization
   2. Transfer
   3. Deinstitutionalization
   4. Transinstitutionalization
3. Which of the following has not been utilized to address the problem of HIV/AIDS in prison?
   1. Mandatory testing
   2. Provision of condoms
   3. Education of inmates
   4. Solitary confinement
4. _______________ are those who can be classified as having both substance abuse and mental health problems.
   1. Trans-institutional inmates
   2. Dual disorder inmates
   3. Socio-pathologic inmates
   4. Reentry inmates
5. The probability of engaging in recidivist behaviors is two to four times higher for those individuals who ________ abuse drugs or alcohol.
   1. Do
   2. Do not
6. By 2030, what proportion of the U.S. prison population will fall under the label of elderly inmate?
   1. 1/2
   2. 1/3
   3. 1/4
   4. 1/5
7. Who is in charge of every aspect of the prison from security to budgeting?
   1. Commander
   2. Warden
   3. Captain
   4. Lieutenant
   5. Supervisor
8. As a correctional officer I have one of the most desired posts in the prison. I provide security at the prison gates and act as watch guards. What is my officer job category called?
   1. Work detail supervisor
   2. Industrial shop officer
   3. Perimeter security officer
   4. Housing unit officer
   5. Yard officer
9. As a correctional officer, I take frequent inmate counts, distribute medicine, and open and close steel-barred doors. What is my officer job category?
   1. Work detail supervisor
   2. Industrial shop officer
   3. Perimeter security officer
   4. Housing unit officer
   5. Yard officer
10. For the most part, COs in male prisons have been, and currently are, males.
    1. True
    2. False
11. Which of the following statements represent the reality of women as correctional officers?
    1. Women are weaker and less able to protect themselves.
    2. Women perform duties just as well as men.
    3. Males may be more effective at handling physical assaults.
    4. a and b
    5. b and c
12. This role type prefers to gain compliance from inmates by using interpersonal communication skills, but will use coercive tactics and force if necessary.
    1. the Professional
    2. the Reciprocator
    3. the Enforcer
    4. the Avoider
13. This role type wants to help inmates and assist them in resolving their troubles by using social work strategies whenever possible, but tends to be inconsistent in making exceptions.
    1. the Professional
    2. the Reciprocator
    3. the Enforcer
    4. the Avoider
14. Correctional officers who have higher levels of job satisfaction and adopt a more punitive or custodial orientation toward inmates are more successful in gaining inmate compliance than officers demonstrating other interpersonal authority roles.
    1. True
    2. False
15. All of the following have been offered as reasons for prison crowding except one. Identify.
    1. Other philosophies other than rehabilitation have been more readily followed.
    2. Mandatory minimum sentencing practices
    3. Longer prison terms
    4. More reentry programs
    5. Limited use of release on parole
16. . In some facilities, the prison gym has become makeshift living quarters.
    1. True
    2. False
17. Female prisons tend to have similar levels of violence as male prisons
    1. True
    2. False
18. What piece of legislation requires the Bureau of Justice Statistics to collect data and report annually on incidences of prison rape?
    1. Prison Rape Elimination Act
    2. Prisoner Protection Act
    3. Protecting Prisons from Assault Act
    4. There is no act that has been passed as described in the question.
19. What falls under the umbrella term restrictive housing?
    1. disciplinary segregation
    2. protective custody
    3. congregate custody
    4. a and b
    5. b and c
20. All of the following are disciplinary options corrections officials use can include all of the following except?
    1. changing inmates’ classification status
    2. reducing inmates’ good-time credit
    3. remove visitation privileges
    4. require inmates to go to treatment program
21. What contraband would not be discovered using a full-body scanner?
    1. cellphones
    2. guns
    3. wood knife
    4. blunt object made of metal
22. Thanks to _________________ technology, the opportunity for drugs, weapons, and other contraband entering the prison is reduced.
    1. video visitation
    2. in-person visitation
    3. court videoconferencing
    4. prisonization

Short-Answer Questions:

1. How is the inmate subculture formed?
2. What are three insights the inmate subculture provides us about the prison environment?
3. What occurs during prisonization?
4. How did the composition of the inmate population change the inmate subculture?
5. How did the hands-on approach lessen the pains of deprivations?
6. Why are inmates with mental disabilities more difficult for correctional staff to control?
7. What options are available to manage aging inmates?
8. The relationship between correctional officers and inmates is often described as one of structured conflict. Why?
9. Identify one prison issue and its effects.
10. Detail one advantage and one disadvantage to video visitation.