Test Bank Jenkins Emotions And Thinking Ch.10

Chapter 10:

Emotions and Thinking

1. It is _______________ signaling that interrupts action when we encounter something that we fear.

a. informational

b. organizational

c. phenomenological

d. subliminal

Source: Page 258.

2. Niedenthal and Setterlund (1994) found that participants in a happy mood were quicker at identifying happy words compared to sad words. This finding provides evidence for which of the following perspectives about emotion and cognition?

a. styles of processing

b. evolutionary

c. feelings as information

d. emotion congruence

Source: Page 265.

3. According to the Affect Infusion Model of Joseph Forgas, emotions infuse into a cognitive task, and are more likely to influence memory and judgment if the task is:

a. simple

b. complex

c. familiar

d. novel

Source: Page 260.

4. Goel and Vartanian (2011) found an effect of mood infusion in their study of syllogistic reasoning. Specifically, Goel and Vartanian reported that __________ by their prior beliefs when judging syllogisms.

a. negative emotions helped reasoners to avoid being biased

b. positive emotions helped reasoners to avoid being biased.

c. negative emotions made it more likely that reasoners would be biased

d. positive emotions made it more likely that reasoners would be biased

Source: Page 260.

5. People often use affect as information when making judgments. This perspective is one that rests on the hypothesis that:

a. emotions are more reliable than thoughts.

b. emotions provide us with a signal, for instance that our goals are in jeopardy.

c. many of our judgments are too complex to enable us to review all the relevant evidence.

d. both b & c.

Source: Page 261.

6. The claim that emotions are heuristics assumes that emotions are:

a. physiological states that intervene between situations and actions.

b. cognitive states that help us to learn and retain information.

c. guesses that work better than chance much of the time.

d. error-prone modes of reasoning about the world.

Source: Page 261.

7. Schwarz and Clore (1983) studied the effects of bright sunny days and gloomy overcast days on people’s emotional lives. The key finding that emerged from this study was that:

a. people tend to be happier if they live in a warm climate.

b. the weather can unconsciously impact people’s sense of well-being.

c. Seasonal Affective Disorder is more common in cold climates.

d. actively thinking about the weather diminishes perceived life satisfaction when it is gloomy and overcast outside but does not enhance perceived life satisfaction when it is bright and sunny outside.

Source: Page 261, Figure 10.2.

8. According to Dutton and Aron’s (1974) study, young male passers-by were most likely to contact a female confederate after meeting her:

a. in the presence of other men.

b. on a sturdy and secure bridge.

c. on an anxiety-inducing suspension bridge.

d. both a & c.

Source: Page 262.

9. When making predictions about their future lives, people who are feeling angry expect to encounter ______________ more often than _______________ .

a. negative life events that have been caused by situational factors; unfair events that have been caused by other people.

b. unfair events that have been caused by other people; negative life events that have been caused by situational factors.

c. situations where they have to compete with others; situations in which others cooperate with them.

d. situations in which others cooperate with them; situations where they have to compete with others.

Source: Page 263.

10. When making predictions about their future lives, people who are feeling sad expect to encounter ______________ more often than _______________ .

a. situations where they have to compete with others; situations in which others cooperate with them.

b. situations in which others cooperate with them; situations where they have to compete with others.

c. negative life events that have been caused by situational factors; unfair events that have been caused by other people.

d. unfair events that have been caused by other people; negative life events that have been caused by situational factors.

Source: Page 263.

11. The styles of processing perspective assumes that:

a. distinct emotional modes correspond with the Big Five personality types.

b. different emotions lead to different forms of reasoning.

c. culture determines one’s emotional style.

d. women tend to be more intuitive than men due to evolutionarily distinct roles of women and men.

Source: Page 263.

12. “What do cows drink?” If System 1 is engaged, the likely answer to this question is__________. According to Kahnemann and Tversky, humans naturally prefer to use __________ to make decisions about the world.

a. milk; System 1

b. milk; System 2

c. water; System 1

d. water; System 2

Source: Pages 264.

13. A person who is feeling sad and anxious is likely to process events in the world in which one of the following ways?

a. They will rely on heuristic thinking.

b. They will rely on deliberative thinking.

c. They will be more apt to apply stereotypes than if they were in a happy mood.

d. They will attend to the big picture and pay less attention to little details.

Source: Page 264.

14. A person may be persuaded to change their attitude about an issue (e.g., raising taxes) by reading a newspaper article. If the person is feeling sad when they are reading the article, what might we hypothesize about this person’s experience based on the research studies described in Chapter 10’s section about persuasion?

a. If the message in the article is sadness-framed it is more likely to promote attitude change than if the message is anger-framed.

b. If the message is happiness-framed it is more likely to promote attitude change than if the message is sadness-framed.

c. Being in a sad mood makes it unlikely that the person will be persuaded, regardless of what they read about in the newspaper.

d. Being in a sad mood makes it highly likely that the person will be persuaded, regardless of the quality or approach taken by the article.

Source: Page 269.

15. Brinol, Petty and Barden (2007) found that emotion affects persuasion by influencing how confident people feel about their thoughts. If one reads an argument and is then induced to feel _____ , Brinol and colleagues would predict that ______________.

a. happy; one will be more confident about their thoughts.

b. sad; one will be less confident about their thoughts.

c. angry; one will be more confident about their thoughts.

d. both a & b.

Source: Page 269.

16. Jonathan Haidt (2007) discussed emotions and morality. He distinguished between the following categories of moral intuition:

a. sympathy and empathy.

b. emotions related to harm and emotions related to the condemnation of others.

c. basic and social emotions.

d. self-oriented and other-oriented emotions.

Source: Page 271 and 272.

17. In the Ultimatum Game there are two players: a proposer who offers to share some proportion of a sum of money, and a responder who decides to accept or reject the offer. Which of the following has been documented during studies using this paradigm?

a. When proposers offer to share the money equally, such offers are typically seen as fair and accepted.

b. When proposers offer to give a meager sum (e.g., a quarter of the money), such offers usually upset responders who reject the offer and consequently end up with no money at all.

c. When responders feel that an offer is unfair this judgment is normally accompanied by activity in the amygdala.

d. All of the above.

Source: Page 259.

18. Rejections of unfair offers in the Ultimatum Game are more usually prompted by emotions:

a. of withdrawal such as disgust, than by emotions of approach such as anger.

b. of approach such as anger, than by emotions of withdrawal such as disgust.

c. of high intensity , than by emotions of low intensity.

d. that are social in nature, such as embarrassment or shame, than by non-social emotions.

Source: Page 259.

19. What does it mean to say that emotions are locally rational?

a. Emotions are rational if we experience them in certain locations.

b. Emotions are rational in relation to certain concerns.

c. Emotions are not globally rational because they may exclude consideration of other concerns.

d. Both b and c.

Source: Page 256

20. After interviewing children who attended a school with a recent incidence of gun violence, Pynoos and Nader (1989) found that:

a. children who were wounded tended to place themselves nearer to the events.

b. children who were wounded tended to distance themselves emotionally from the event.

c. children who were not wounded tended to distance themselves emotionally from the event.

d. both b and c

Source: Page 268