Full Test Bank Individual Differences In Emotionality Ch11

Chapter 11:

Individual Differences in Emotionality

1. According to David Kenny’s Social Relations Model an individual’s actor effect is the extent to which:

a. they respond sympathetically to the negative emotions expressed by another person.

b. they imitate the emotions expressed by members of an out-group.

c. their emotional expressions elicit the same emotional responses from different family members.

d. they express the same emotions to different family members.

Source: Page 286.

2. According to David Kenny’s Social Relations Model an individual’s partner effect is the extent to which:

a. they express the same emotions to different family members.

b. their emotional expressions elicit the same emotional responses from different family members.

c. they respond sympathetically to the negative emotions expressed by another person.

d. they imitate the emotions expressed by members of an out-group.

Source: Page 286.

3. The Strange Situation elicits a great deal of anger and an unwillingness to be comforted in children who have a(n) ________________ attachment with their caregiver.

a. interdependent

b. disorganized

c. ambivalent

d. avoidant

Source: Page 288.

4. Which one of the following statements accurately reflects this link between attachment style and emotional expressivity in infants during the Strange Situation Task?

a. Secure infants engage most often in positive emotions and less often in negative emotions.

b. Avoidant infants showed fewer facial and vocal displays of emotion than secure infants but had higher levels of cortisol after the test.

c. Secure infants are generally less emotionally expressive than avoidant infants.

d. both b & c.

Source: Page 288.

5. Are attachment styles genetic? Investigators have used twin studies to address this question. These studies have led to the conclusion that:

a. Genes strongly influence attachment style because they shape parental sensitivity.

b. Genes have little influence on attachment style.

c. Attachment style is influenced by environmental conditions more than genes.

d. both b & c.

Source: Pages 291-292.

6. How does marital conflict relate to behavior problems in children?

a. Marital conflict, when it is constructive, can actually aid children’s social adjustment.

b. Angry conflict between parents makes children less likely to express anger to their peers.

c. Children who do not witness marital conflict are more likely to experience marital conflict in their adult lives than children who routinely observed marital conflict when growing up.

d. All of the above.

Source: Page 295.

7. A longitudinal study in Germany by Asendorpf, Denissen and van Aken (2008) followed children aged 4 to 6 years old until they were 23. Researchers were interested in whether childhood emotionality translates to adulthood and how it may impact an individual’s relationship and occupational status in adulthood. The key finding from this study suggests that emotionality in childhood:

a. does not predict emotionality, relationship or occupational status in adulthood.

b. predicts how long it will take an individual to enter into their first stable romantic relationship as an adult but not how long it will take them to find their first full-time job.

c. predicts how long it will take an individual to find their first full-time job but not how long it will take them to enter into their first stable romantic relationship as an adult.

d. predicts how long it will take an individual to enter into their first stable romantic relationship as an adult as well as how long it will take them to find their first full-time job.

Source: Page 280, Figure 11.1.

8. All but which one of the following is true about the Big Five model of personality (John, Naumann, & Soto, 2008; McCrae & Costa, 2008) and emotionality?

a. Neuroticism involves the emotional tendencies of anxiety, hostility, and depression.

b. Love and compassion are the two components of positive emotionality that are most strongly related to Extraversion.

c. Extraversion is related to a perceived ability to maintain positive emotions.

d. High Agreeableness and Conscientiousness and low Neuroticism make up an overarching meta-trait of Stability.

Source: Page 281-282.

9. Negative life events can change personality.

a. TRUE

b. FALSE

Source: Page 283

10. Which statement is true about how emotions change over development?

a. The intensity of only negative emotions decreases across the elementary school years

b. The intensity of both positive and negative emotions decreases across the high school years

c. The intensity of only positive emotions decreases across the elementary school years

d. The intensity of both positive and negative emotions decreases across the elementary school years

Source: Page 284

11. Experience sampling is a method in which:

a. participants answer questions multiple times a day an some electronic device

b. participants answer questions once in the lab

c. participants are interviewed about their specific experiences

d. both a and c

Source: Page 285

12. The ________ refers to how our genetically influenced traits lead us to actively create environments for ourselves and the ___________ refers to how we evoke unique responses from social partners.

a. evocative rGE; active rGE

b. active rGE; evocative rGE

c. secure attachment style; avoidant attachment style

d. avoidant attachment style; secure attachment style

Source: Page 285

13. Kochanska and colleagues (2007) found that father’s power assertion (harsh caregiving) was associated with:

a. noncompliance from the child, but only when the child was low in fear.

b. compliance from the child.

c. noncompliance from the child, but only when the child was high in fear.

d. compliance from the child, but only when the child was high in fear.

Source: Page 286

14. Resistant attachment style is also sometimes called:

a. Avoidant attachment style

b. Ambivalent attachment style

c. Secure attachment style

d. Disorganized attachment style

Source: Page 288

15. Moutsiana and colleagues (2014) carried out a 22-year follow-up of individuals whose attachment status was assessed in infancy. Which of the following are TRUE about this study?

a. Effects of attachment status were most marked as individuals tried to increase positive affect

b. Individuals categorized as Insecure in infancy showed a relatively inefficient neural processing system as they tried to increase their positive responses to pictures.

c. Effects of attachment status were most marked as individuals tried to decrease positive affect

d. both a and b

Source: Page 289

16. Which of the following is not one of the styles from the Adult Attachment Interview?

a. Autonomous

b. Dismissing

c. Avoidant

d. Preoccupied

Source: Page 290

17. ___________ was a particularly potent risk factor for the development of insecure and disorganized attachment styles.

a. Maltreatment

b. Evocative rGE

c. Active rGE

d. A nurturing home

Source: Page 291

18. Parental mentalization refers to:

a. parents’ abilities to represent and hold in mind the internal states, such as emotion, thoughts, desires, and intentions of themselves.

b. parents’ abilities to represent and hold in mind the internal states, such as emotion, thoughts, desires, and intentions of their spouse.

c. parents’ abilities to represent and hold in mind the internal states, such as emotion, thoughts, desires, and intentions of their children.

d. all of the above.

Source: page 292

19. Parental talk about emotions is positively associated with which of the following outcomes:

a. the child’s own emotion talk

b. the child’s own emotion understanding

c. the child’s prosocial behavior

d. all of the above

Source: page 294

20. Evidence suggests that mothers with stronger beliefs that emotions are dangerous ________________.

a. raised children with poorer emotion understanding

b. raised children with better emotion understanding

c. raised children with better emotion regulation capabilities

d. raised children with worse emotion regulation capabilities

Source: Page 297