Test Bank + Answers | Psychopathology Of Emotions In – Ch12

Chapter 12:

Psychopathology of Emotion in Childhood

1. Most mental disorders of childhood and adolescence are:

a. impairments of emotional functioning.

b. anxiety disorders.

c. anger-related disorders.

d. depressive disorders.

Source: Page 309.

2. The fact that there are a large number of mental disorders, that there tends to be excessive co-occurrence between multiple disorders, and that subclinical emotional disturbances need to be dealt with are all criticisms of:

a. the bio-psycho-social model

b. psychometric assessment

c. the dimensional approach

d. the categorical approach

Source: Page 310.

3. Which of the following is true about internalizing disorders in children?

a. Anxiety disorders and depression forms of internalizing disorders.

b. Apart from mood disruption, other symptoms of internalizing disorders include weight changes, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and the inability to concentrate.

c. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is a form of internalizing disorder.

d. both a & b.

Source: Page 310.

4. Which of the following is true about externalizing disorders in children?

a. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is a form of internalizing disorder.

b. Eating disorders and substance abuse are key symptoms of externalizing disorders.

c. Disruptive behavior is characteristic of externalizing disorders.

d. It is rare for children to experience both externalizing and internalizing forms of psychopathology.

Source: Page 310.

5. Children with internalizing problems tend to have a depressogenic style of appraisal. This observation was used as evidence for which of the following explanations of emotion-based disorders in children?

a. Emotion-based disorders are due to an imbalance among emotions.

b. Children with emotion-based disorders react to events with atypical emotional responses.

c. Psychological patterns that are viewed as disordered by society actually reflect strategic adaptations to negative environments that children have experienced.

d. Children with emotion-based disorders are poor emotion regulators.

Source: Page 311.

6. Children with internalizing problems struggle to reappraise difficult situations in a positive light, and this contributes to depression and anxiety. This observation was used as evidence for which of the following explanations of emotion-based disorders in children?

a. Emotion-based disorders are due to an imbalance among emotions.

b. Children with emotion-based disorders react to events with atypical emotional responses.

c. Psychological patterns that are viewed as disordered by society actually reflect strategic adaptations to negative environments that children have experienced.

d. Children with emotion-based disorders are poor emotion regulators.

Source: Page 312.

7. The proportion of a population who suffer from some disorder over a particular time period describes:

a. frequency

b. incidence

c. prevalence

d. diffusion

Source: Page 312.

8. Epidemiological studies have shown that males and females differ in terms of emotion-based disorders. Specifically:

a. Externalizing problems are more commonly observed in males than females, a gender difference that persists from early childhood through adolescence.

b. Internalizing problems are more commonly observed in females than males, a gender difference that persists from early childhood through adolescence.

c. In general, behavioral disturbances of boys are observed at an early age, whereas some of the emotional disturbances of females become noticeable only at later ages.

d. All of the above.

Source: Page 313, Table 12.1.

9. According to Bronfenbrenner’s (1979, 2005) bioecological model of human development, children are influenced by proximal factors which include:

a. their culture

b. the school they attend

c. their relationships with family and friends.

d. their personality

Source: Page 322

10. The view that children are either “orchids” or “dandelions” is consistent with which of the following models?

a. diathesis-stress model

b. differential susceptibility model

c. medical model

d. biopsychosocial model

Source: Page 318.

11. Research about differential parenting has concluded that high levels of differential parenting impact children in which of the following ways?

a. Favored children come to feel greater love for their parents than unfavored children.

b. Favored and unfavored children will show equally high levels of disturbance.

c. The further apart in age the favored and unfavored children are, the more jealous the unfavored children feel.

d. Female children are more likely to be favored than male children.

Source: Page 323.

12. A method of treatment for both internalizing and externalizing disorders in children is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Which one of the following is untrue about this form of treatment?

a. CBT is a family- or child-focused treatment approach.

b. CBT improves psychological adjustment by changing hostile appraisal biases in depression.

c. CBT focuses on children’s cognitive distortions, problematic thought patterns, emotion regulation, and social problem solving.

d. CBT may be a component of multisystemic treatment.

Source: Pages 333.

13. Alexithymia refers to:

a. an enhancement in the identification and description of one’s own emotions.

b. an impairment in the identification and description of other people’s emotions.

c. an enhancement in the identification and description of other people’s emotions.

d. an impairment in the identification and description of one’s own emotions.

Source: Page 312

14. Heritability estimates for all of the most common childhood disorders are ______. According to Lahey et al., (2011). _____________ and ___________have the highest proportion of variance attributable to genetics.

a. low; Conduct disorder and inattention

b. high; Inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity

c. low; Social phobia and major depressive disorder

d. high; Major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder

Source: Page 319 and Table 12.2

15. Which of the following is NOT true of epigenetics.

a. It describes how the circumstances of children’s lives, both pre-and postnatally, can influence the activity of genes

b. It occurs through biological processes such as methylation.

c. It describes how the DNA sequence is altered depending on a child’s circumstances

d. Adversities can act on genes to alter the production of neurochemicals that are central to our experience of emotion.

Source: page 320

16. Allostatic load:

a. refers to repeated exposure to stress

b. results in overaction, and not underactivation, of the HPA-axis

c. results in underactivation, and not overaction, of the HPA-axis

d. both a and b

Source: Page 321

17. Romanian children who were placed into foster care versus those who were kept in institutions experienced recovery in intellectual functioning, as well as in cortisol reactivity, PNS reactivity, and brain electrophysiology. These effects were most prominent when children were placed in foster care before the age of ______, suggesting a ____________ for early intervention.

a. 4 years; timepoint

b. 1 year; sensitive period

c. 2 years; sensitive period

d. 3 years; timepoint

Source: Page 325

18. _____________ are among the strongest predictors of mental and physical health in children and adults.

a. Family conditions

b. Socioeconomic conditions

c. Genes

d. Hierarchies

Source: Page 327

19. Homotypic continuity describes:

a. the within-disorder stability of symptoms over time.

b. early conduct problems predicting later conduct problems.

c. the cross-over in symptoms between different disorders over time.

d. both a and b

Source: Page 329

20. Approximately ___% of individuals have life-course persistent conduct problems.

a. 10

b. 25

c. 15

d. 30

Source: Page 330, Figure 12.6