Test Bank Docx Young Adulthood Ch.10 - Human Development ANZ Edition -Test Bank by Jensen Arnett. DOCX document preview.
Arnett, Human Development: A Cultural Approach, First edition
Chapter 10: Young adulthood
Section 1: Physical development
Multiple choice: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. For individuals in developed countries, what is the most important marker of the transition to adulthood?
A. Accepting responsibility for oneself
B. Getting married
C. Having children
D. Graduating from university
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: The transition to adulthood
2. Jefferson was late to work, speeding and was pulled over and given a ticket. Without too much fuss, he reluctantly paid the fine, knowing full well he should not have been speeding. Which of the following characteristics of adulthood most closely resembles Jefferson’s attitude?
A. Accepting responsibility for oneself
B. Making independent decisions
C. Becoming financially independent
D. Possessing emotional stability
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
3. From studies of young people from their early teens to their late 20s, which of the following is the second most important marker of the transition to adulthood?
A. Possessing emotional stability
B. Accepting responsibility for oneself
C. Becoming financially independent
D. Making independent decisions
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
4. From studies, young people from their early teens to their late 20s agreed that the most important markers of the transition to adulthood are ____.
A. making independent decisions, living independently and being emotionally stable
B. becoming emotionally stable, possessing behavioural control and having cognitive maturity
C. accepting responsibility for oneself, making independent decisions</ITAL> and <ITAL>becoming financially independent
D. possessing cognitive with-it-ness, accepting responsibility for oneself and living independently
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
5. From studies of young people from their early teens to their late 20s, which of the following is a correct order of the three major markers of adulthood?
A. Accepting responsibility for oneself, becoming financially independent and making independent decisions
B. Becoming financially independent, making independent decisions and accepting responsibility for oneself
C. Making independent decisions, accepting responsibility for oneself and becoming financially independent
D. Accepting responsibility for oneself, making independent decisions</ITAL> and <ITAL>becoming financially independent
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
6. From studies of young people from their early teens to their late 20s, which of the following is the third most important marker of the transition to adulthood?
A. Becoming financially independent
B. Accepting responsibility for oneself
C. Making independent decisions
D. Possessing the ability to self-regulate one’s emotions
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
7. Britney is 23 years old and has been working full-time for the past 2 years. She has her own apartment, a balanced check book and a substantial savings account. This is not by chance, because Britney’s parents instilled in her the idea that wise financial decisions are important in life. The way things are headed, it looks as if Britney will be able to purchase her own house in a few years. Which of the following markers of adulthood has Brittany achieved?
A. Accepting responsibility for oneself
B. Making independent decisions
C. Becoming financially independent
D. Possessing emotional stability
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
8. If a culture were to promote individualism, it would emphasise the importance of ____.
A. family unity and societal cohesiveness
B. learning to stand alone as a self-sufficient person
C. altruistic behaviours and prosocial engagement
D. cooperative learning and group cohesion
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
9. What do young Israelis view as an important criterion that signals adulthood?
A. Completing military service
B. Supporting a spouse and child financially
C. Being able to support their parents financially
D. Emotional self-control
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
10. What do young Argentines view as an important criterion that signals adulthood?
A. Completing military service
B. Supporting a family financially
C. Being able to support their parents financially
D. Emotional self-control
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
11. What do emerging adults in Korea and China view as an important criterion that signals adulthood?
A. Completing military service
B. Supporting a family financially
C. Being able to support their parents financially
D. Emotional self-control
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
12. Which of the following markers of adulthood is more similar to the beliefs of a collectivistic culture?
A. Living independently in one’s house or apartment
B. Having graduated from high school and university
C. Being financially independent and self-sufficient
D. Being able to support one’s parents financially
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
13. What do emerging adults in India view as the most important criterion that signals adulthood?
A. Completing military service
B. Supporting a family financially
C. Being able to support their parents financially
D. Emotional self-control
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
14. You and your roommate are discussing what you believe to be the most important aspect of what defines adulthood. Your roommate is arguing that emotional self-control is the most important criterion for adulthood. Based on the text, she is likely from what country?
A. Argentina
B. Israel
C. Korea
D. India
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
15. Anthropologists have found that in virtually all ____, the transition to adulthood is clearly and explicitly marked by <ITAL>marriage.</ITAL>
A. modern individualistic cultures
B. non-traditional, Western cultures
C. traditional, non-Western cultures
D. historical developed nations
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
16. Anthropologists have found that in virtually all traditional cultures, the transition to adulthood is clearly and explicitly marked by ____.
A. leaving the parental household
B. completing secondary education
C. marriage
D. the birth of first child
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
17. In developed countries, how many young people believe that marriage is an important marker of the transition into adulthood?
A. Very few
B. Some
C. Most
D. Nearly all
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
18. Your brother met many new friends while he was in the Peace Corps. One of them, who is from a small village in Central Africa, is visiting and you are having a discussion regarding when adulthood begins. He argues that you are officially an adult when you get married. As a Westerner, what is your opinion most likely to be?
A. You agree, adulthood begins with marriage.
B. You are not sure, but all of your friends believe that marriage marks the beginning of adulthood.
C. You argue that people from his village get married too young.
D. You disagree with him, but realise that your opinions reflect cultural differences.
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
19. In developed countries, where does marriage rank in surveys of possible criteria for adult status?
A. Near the bottom
B. Towards the middle
C. Near the top
D. At the very top
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
20. What do traditional cultures value as the key transition to adulthood because they prize the collectivistic value of interdependence more highly than the individualistic value of independence?
A. Financially supporting siblings, parents and grandparents
B. Remaining in the parental house
C. Marriage
D. Having a large family
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
21. Which of the following personal characteristics is highly prized in collective cultures?
A. Interdependence
B. Independence
C. Self-promotion
D. Assertiveness
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
22. Which of the following personal characteristics is highly prized in individualistic cultures?
A. Interdependence
B. Independence
C. Group cohesion
D. Conformity
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
23. In traditional cultures, the collectivistic value of ____<KT> is more highly prized than the individualistic value of ____.
A. self-promotion; assertiveness
B. assertiveness; self-promotion
C. independence; interdependence
D. interdependence; independence
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
24. Davis and Davis (2007) asked young Moroccans how they knew they were grown up. What did they emphasise?
A. Completion of formal education
B. Chronological age or physical development
C. The religious ceremony that marked adulthood
D. Marriage
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
25. For most people, how much physical decline occurs through the thirties?
A. Little
B. Some
C. None
D. Quite a lot
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
26. What is the most obvious indicator that ageing begins in young adulthood?
A. Thinning skin
B. Greying hair
C. Decrease in bone density
D. Cataracts
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
27. Your 32-year-old sister noticed a couple of grey hairs and is now worried that she is ageing prematurely. What do you tell her?
A. She is ageing prematurely! Hardly anyone in young adulthood has any grey hair!
B. The beginning of grey hair occurs for many individuals during young adulthood, so she should not be worried.
C. Developmentalists do not consider grey hair as a sign of ageing.
D. She probably did not actually see any grey hair. It would be rare to find a grey hair in young adulthood.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
28. At what age do people generally find their first grey hair?
A. 20s
B. 30s
C. 40s
D. 50s
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
29. For most individuals, signs of ageing, such as having grey hair, appear in their ____.
A. 20s
B. 30s
C. 40s
D. 50s
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
30. About ____ of men of European descent experience substantial hair loss by age 40.
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 66%
D. 75%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
31. Frank is of European descent, and about 10 years ago he noticed his first grey hair. At first he wasn’t bothered; however, now his grey hairs are getting more numerous and his hairline has begun to recede. Based upon the information provided, what is Frank’s estimated age?
A. Frank is in his 20s.
B. Frank is in his 30s.
C. Frank is in his 40s.
D. Frank is in his 50s.
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
32. It is estimated that ____ of adult women in the West and in Asia colour their hair, in part to conceal grey hairs and maintain a youthful appearance.
A. one-eighth to one-fourth
B. one-third to one-half
C. two-third to three-fourth
D. nearly all
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
33. What do about 30% to 50% of Western and Asian women do to their hair during young adulthood?
A. Cut it very short for convenience
B. Colour or dye it
C. Replace it with wigs and hair pieces
D. Nothing
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
34. Which of the following is why the skin becomes looser and why muscle mass decreases during young adulthood and beyond?
A. There is an increase in white blood cells
B. There is an increase in the production of vitamin D
C. There is a substantial decrease in iron
D. There is a decrease in human growth hormones
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
35. People who have what colour skin generally experience skin ageing sooner?
A. Black
B. Brown
C. Yellow
D. White
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
36. Your 35-year-old roommate has very white skin and likes to have a tan for the summer. She is also very concerned about looking as young as possible. What would be the best advice that you could give her regarding her skin?
A. Keep on tanning, it makes her look beautiful.
B. Make sure to only use SPF 10 sunscreen so that she can get the darkest tan.
C. Exposing her skin to direct sunlight will prematurely age her skin.
D. Not to worry, people who are white have skin that ages the slowest.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
37. During young adulthood, what age-related change occurs to the heart muscle?
A. It becomes more rigid.
B. It does not change.
C. It becomes stronger, which aids in endurance training.
D. It becomes more elastic, aiding in oxygen delivery to muscles during intense exercise.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
38. During young adulthood, the heart muscle starts to become ____, but this is not noticeable except during times of ____.
A. more pliable; deep relaxation
B. more rigid; intense physical activity
C. more pliable; intense physical activity
D. more rigid; deep relaxation
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
39. In terms of the respiratory system, vital capacity is the maximum ____.
A. speed with which a person can exhale one breath of air
B. amount of air that can be contained in the lungs
C. number of inhalations per minute during intense exercise
D. amount of carbon dioxide that can be exhaled during intense exercise
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
40. During young adulthood, rigidity gradually develops in the tendons and muscles of the lungs, chest and ribs, which leads to a decrease in vital capacity, defined as ____.
A. the maximum amount of air that can be contained in the lungs
B. the minimum amount of air needed to sustain life
C. the maximum amount of carbon dioxide needed to avoid death
D. the minimum amount of pressure the diaphragm needs to exert to expand the lungs
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
41. At what age does vital capacity begin to decrease?
A. 25
B. 30
C. 35
D. 40
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
42. You and your 27-year-old brother decide to get in shape and start running. After the first run of 3 miles, your brother is winded and tired. He is surprised because he was a cross-country runner in high school. What would you tell him?
A. He is experiencing a normal decline in vital capacity.
B. He really needs to go to the doctor, there must be something wrong with him.
C. He is simply too old to run any longer.
D. After years of a sedentary lifestyle, he is probably at risk of a heart attack.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
43. The ____ is a gland in the upper part of the chest that is responsible for the production of disease-fighting T cells.
A. thymus
B. hippocampus
C. thyroid
D. hypothalamus
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
44. During young adulthood, the thymus gradually reduces its production of ____.
A. T cells
B. B cells
C. Y cells
D. H cells
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
45. During young adulthood, the immune system experiences a decrease in effectiveness because ____.
A. the production of T cells and B cells declines
B. the production of white blood cells and red blood cells increases
C. the production of melatonin and vitamin D decreases
D. the speed of the central nervous system and the frontal lobe decreases
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
46. Human growth hormone production declines in young adulthood and beyond, the result of which includes the skin becoming looser, muscle mass declining and wrinkles appearing around the eyes, forehead and neck. What is something that people with light skin can do to slow the progress of wrinkles?
A. Wash with mild soap
B. Avoid direct sunlight on their faces
C. Take large doses of Vitamin D
D. Use make-up
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
47. What leads to changes in vital capacity with ageing?
A. Contaminants inhaled during adolescence
B. Rigidity in the tendons and muscles of the lungs, chest and ribs
C. Weakening of the heart walls
D. Hormone changes that affect the cardiovascular system
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
48. Your aunt has been gaining weight fairly consistently over the past few years and she is concerned about it. She is not obese, but has gained at least 8 to 10 pounds. each year for the past 5 years. According to your text, this is common in developed counties due to the availability of:
A. too much food loaded with fats and sugars.
B. too much food with high levels of protein.
C. too little food containing vitamins.
D. too little food containing DHA.
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
49. BMI is calculated by examining a person’s _____.
A. heart rate after 1 minute of intense exercise
B. skin fold thickness
C. ratio of height to weight
D. maximum carbon dioxide replacement
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
50. What is a difficulty associated with BMI?
A. There is no link between BMI and obesity.
B. BMI is an indirect measure of body fat.
C. Health workers do not understand the meaning of BMI.
D. Studies using BMI are flawed in their methods.
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: physical health
51. A person’s body mass index (BMI) is his or her ____.
A. ratio of height to weight
B. percentage of body fat
C. weight as compared to age
D. type of body style
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
52. Becky is an adult with a BMI of 27. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Becky would be classified as ____.
A. underweight
B. average in weight
C. overweight
D. obese
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
53. Some individuals can have the very same BMI, but have differing amounts of body fat. Accumulation of body fat in what area(s) of the body is a good predictor of health problems?
A. Chest
B. Abdomen
C. Buttocks and upper thighs
D. Triceps area of arms
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: physical health
54. George is a young adult with a BMI of 32. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, George would be classified as ____.
A. underweight
B. average in weight
C. overweight
D. obese
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
55. For adults, having a BMI of more than what defines being obese?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 25
D. 30
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
56. Your father has been steadily getting heavier. You would like for him to begin exercising to help reduce his weight. He thinks that he is doing really well in terms of his weight for his age. After visiting the doctor, he still thinks that he is doing well, even though he has a BMI of 34. What would you tell him? His BMI ____.
A. indicates that he is doing very well for his age
B. indicates that he is obese and definitely needs to lose weight
C. indicates that he is very strong and muscular
D. is actually lower than most people his age
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
57. For adults, a person with a BMI of over ___ is classified as overweight, and a person with a BMI over ____ is obese.
A. 15; 20
B. 20; 25
C. 25; 30
D. 30; 35
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
58. The amount of energy the body uses when at rest is referred to as _____.
A. basal metabolic rate
B. body mass index
C. set-point metabolism
D. glucose consumption index
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
59. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy the body uses when it is _____.
A. at rest
B. working at peak performance
C. repairing itself
D. fighting an infection
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
60. What happens to the basal metabolic rate (BMR) between ages 25 and 50 years?
A. It increases
B. It declines
C. It remains consistently the same
D. It increases until age 40 and then decreases
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
61. In developing countries, particularly the United States and Canada, people are gaining weight and becoming obese. Vogels et al. (2005) found that most people who try to lose weight are either at their original weight or heavier after 2 years. What are the strategies that can be used to lose weight and keep it off?
A. Eat less, eat more healthy foods and exercise more.
B. Use one of the popular diet programs.
C. Any strategy will work that includes adding meditation.
D. Surgical strategies are the only mechanisms that are effective.
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: physical health
62. Your 42-year-old uncle has been very health-conscious for many years. He runs and exercises with weights and thinks that he can eat like he always has. What would you tell him with regard to BMR?
A. BMR declines as a function of exercise.
B. BMR does not play a role in weight gain.
C. BMR naturally increases, so he is correct. What he eats will be burned quickly.
D. BMR naturally decreases beginning at age 25 and he will likely be gaining weight if he does not reduce his intake of calories.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
63. Your friend, who is 29 years old, has steadily gained weight since graduating from high school. What would be the best advice you could give her with regard to losing weight?
A. Due to increased BMR, she will need to do very little to lose weight. She just needs to stop overeating.
B. Due to increased BMR, she will need to begin exercising and/or eating more.
C. Due to decreased BMR, she will need to eat less.
D. Due to decreased BMR, she will need to begin exercising and/or eating less.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
64. A recent national New Zealand Health Survey found that how many adults (aged 15 and over) were obese?
A. 1 in 2
B. 1 in 3
C. 1 in 4
D. 1 in 5
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
65. Rates of obesity are lowest in
A. Europe.
B. the United States.
C. Australia.
D. Africa.
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
66. People living in the United States are more likely than in other countries to be
A. underweight.
B. normal.
C. overweight.
D. obese.
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
67. Your father has been concerned about his cognitive functioning as he has become older. He is particularly concerned since his father seemed to lose many higher functioning abilities as he aged. Among staying mentally active by playing games, reading and stimulating problem-solving activities, what is another suggestion that you could make based on Padilla et al.’s (2014) work?
A. Eat plenty of foods containing DHA.
B. Play with his grandchildren frequently.
C. Avoid getting the flu.
D. Engage in physical exercise on a regular basis.
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
68. Which of the following includes aerobic exercise?
A. Running
B. Swimming
C. Dancing
D. All of the above
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
69. Rates of obesity can be correlated with what?
A. Genetics
B. Affluence
C. Age
D. All options are correct
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
70. Which of the following is more likely to be similar in weight?
A. Monozygotic twins reared in different environments
B. Dizygotic twins reared in the same environment
C. Siblings reared in different environments
D. Cousins reared in the same environment
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: physical health
71. What is released by fat cells to signal that the body has had enough to eat, and also influences BMR?
A. Insulin
B. Thyroid stimulating hormone
C. Dopamine
D. Leptin
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
72. ____is released by fat cells to signal that the body has had enough to eat, and also influences basal metabolic rate (BMR).
A. Acetylcholine
B. Serotonin
C. Melatonin
D. Leptin
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
73. What countries have the highest obesity rates?
A. Wealthy countries
B. Poor countries
C. Countries in the northern hemisphere
D. Landlocked countries
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: physical health
74. What is a major contributor to the increasing obesity rates in developing countries?
A. The adoption of Western foods
B. Eating foods low in sugar and fat
C. The desire to look more ‘Western’ by gaining weight
D. The sedentary lifestyles that most people in developing countries have
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: physical health
75. Brianna is a 30-year-old woman who lives in a very low SES neighbourhood and raises her two children alone. Within a mile of her apartment, there are several fast food restaurants and some convenience stores. Like many of her neighbours, Brianna is obese and her children are overweight. What makes Brianna and her children typical among low-SES families?
A. Her neighbourhood is not characteristic of lower SES families, as this portion of the population is most likely to embrace the values of a healthy lifestyle.
B. She is actually atypical. Lower SES individuals have the lowest rates of obesity.
C. Many lower SES families grow their own vegetables, and the surplus of food means that they frequently overeat.
D. Unhealthy foods are the most convenient and least inexpensive to purchase.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
76. Jameson has just graduated from university and is starting to look for work. He’s just as concerned about gaining weight as he is about being able to find a job. What makes these concerns related?
A. He will probably have to accept a job that will include high levels of manual labour.
B. He is likely to find a job that involves sedentary work.
C. The only jobs available will be in the fast-food industry and he will get free meals.
D. He will be exercising so much that he might overeat because he will be hungrier.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
77. Where are obesity rates the lowest?
A. In Africa
B. In the wealthiest countries
C. In Europe
D. In South America
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
78. What is related to high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep disorders and digestive problems?
A. Depression
B. Poor socioeconomic status
C. Obesity
D. Low self-esteem
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
79. Which of the following are commonly known problems associated with obesity in young adulthood?
A. High blood pressure, diabetes, sleep disorders and digestive problems
B. Eczema, allergies, influenza and psoriasis
C. Hypersomnia, low blood pressure, a rapid heart rate and jaundice
D. Nearsightedness, tachycardia, hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
80. Your 29-year-old aunt is obese. She has not been out on a date in a very long time and she is very depressed. What advice should you give her?
A. Being obese has nothing to do with depression.
B. She should try an online dating service.
C. She should join a women’s only group.
D. Obesity is related to depression in young adult women. She would probably feel better if she lost weight.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
81. What happens to most people who embrace a strategy to lose weight?
A. They end up gaining that weight back and generally gain more weight.
B. They are likely to keep that excess weight off permanently.
C. They are not likely to ever lose any weight.
D. They might lose weight if they are paid to do so.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: physical health
82. What happens to physical activity through the 20s and 30s across developed countries?
A. Because of starting families, young adults are more physically active because they are likely playing with their children.
B. Due to starting careers, physical activity increases tremendously.
C. Physical activity continuously drops.
D. Since most jobs require considerable physical activity, young adults engage in increasingly more physical activity.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: physical health
83. Aerobic exercise is best described as exercise that
A. feels good and has a calming effect that occurs within 30 seconds.
B. triggers a fight or flight response within 1 minute.
C. is conducted with a group of people to rhythmic music.
D. triggers a substantial elevation in heart rate for at least 30 minutes.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
84. According to the text, activities such as running and swimming are known as what type of exercise?
A. Anaerobic
B. Aerobic
C. Endurance
D. Kinisi
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
85. Which of the following is an example of aerobic exercise?
A. Playing the piano for 10 minutes
B. Playing soccer for 45 minutes
C. Playing video games for 60 minutes
D. Lifting weights for 20 minutes
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: physical health
86. Aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce body fat and also
A. increase metabolic rate.
B. increase hypotension.
C. decrease white blood cells.
D. decrease levels of serotonin.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
87. What reduces the risk of a variety of illnesses and diseases in middle adulthood including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and several types of cancers?
A. Taking vitamin supplements
B. Exercising
C. Laughing to reduce stress
D. Completing a degree in higher education and getting a high-paying job
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
88. Regular exercise in young adulthood reduces the risk of a variety of illnesses and diseases in middle adulthood, including ____.
A. farsightedness, diabetes and jaundice
B. diabetes, cardiovascular disease and several types of cancer
C. nearsightedness, hemophilia and dementia
D. eczema, psoriasis and various allergies
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
89. Your 23-year-old brother has never been interested in exercising. He has a rather fast metabolism and has never gained any weight. You are trying to get him to exercise and he sees no value in doing so. What argument could you use?
A. He will keep his hair on his head longer.
B. As soon as he turns 25, he will likely gain 10 pounds.
C. Exercise will lower the probability of acquiring diabetes, cardiovascular disease and several types of cancer.
D. He will likely lose 35% of his muscle mass before age 30 if he does not exercise.
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
90. What does the text define as a brain chemical that provides a pleasurable feeling and increases well-being?
A. Morpheme
B. Endorphins
C. Adrenaline
D. Gonadotropin
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
91. Exercise generates brain chemicals called ____ that provide a pleasurable feeling and increase well-being.
A. endorphins
B. epinephrine
C. dopamine
D. adrenaline
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
92. How would you describe endorphins?
A. Brain chemicals that provide a pleasurable feeling and a feeling of well-being
B. Brain chemicals that allow short-term memory to transfer to long-term storage
C. Neurological circuits associated with pain reception
D. Neurological circuits involved in attentional abilities
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: physical health
93. Thomas has just finished the Boston Marathon and is feeling great. His blood pressure is high, his respirations are rapid and he is extremely sweaty, but he feels elated to be alive. He’s experiencing a ‘runner’s high’. Which of the following is primarily responsible for this pleasurable feeling?
A. Endorphins
B. Melatonin
C. Dopamine
D. Testosterone
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
94. Health authorities recommend aerobic exercise at a moderate-to-vigorous level for at least 2 ½ hours per week along with strength training. About what per cent of Australians actually practice this advice?
A. 20%
B. 35%
C. 56%
D. 72%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Physical development: physical health
95. Which of the following individuals is likely to spend the least amount of time exercising?
A. Jerome, who is of high SES and male
B. Tammy, who is of low SES and female
C. Mike, who is of low SES and male
D. Ramona, who is of middle SES and female
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
96. You are a single mother in young adulthood living in a developed country. How likely do you think that you will be exercising on a regular basis?
A. You are very likely to exercise on a regular basis.
B. You do not even need to exercise, but find many ways to do so.
C. You are generally too tired after working and taking care of your family to even think about exercising.
D. Your BMR is so high that simply doing your daily routine is equivalent to intense exercise.
Difficulty: Complex
Page: 470–471
Learning Objective: 10.4
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
Short
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
98. In traditional cultures, what marks the transition to adulthood? Explain.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.1
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
99. Are there changes in immune function during young adulthood? Explain.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
100. Describe one obvious and one less obvious physical change of emerging adulthood.
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.2
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: the transition to adulthood
101. Why is the BMI considered only an indirect measure of body fat? In other words, why is this not always considered a 100% accurate measure of overweight and obesity?
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: physical health
Essay: Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
102. Why are rates of obesity increasing among young adults in Western countries when this is still a relatively healthy part of the lifespan? In addition, discuss two of the following variables that have been linked with obesity: gender, ethnicity and SES.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Physical development: physical health
103. Imagine that you ask your friend to come with you to the gym. Explain what would you say if her response was ‘I don’t need to go to the gym. I’m not overweight, nobody in my family is, and I don’t have time.’
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.3
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Physical development: physical health
Section 2: Cognitive development
Multiple choice: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which of the following best summarises the relationship between intelligence and academic success?
A. Intelligence tests are in no way correlated with school success
B. Intelligence tests administered at any time are weak predictors of school success
C. Intelligence tests administered during infancy and childhood are strongly correlated with academic success
D. Intelligence tests administered during childhood and adolescence are moderately correlated with school success
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
2. Intelligence tests are often used to help identify ____.
A. children who might have learning disabilities
B. a child’s temperament
C. an adolescent’s attachment style
D. the amount of cognitive load exerted during school hours
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
3. A meta-analysis (Strenze, 2007) of longitudinal studies examining adult intelligence found that IQ was a powerful predictor of ____.
A. income and occupational status
B. happiness and well-being
C. length of marriage if the partners were close in IQ
D. cardiovascular fitness
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
4. IQ tests are powerful predictors of ____.
A. a person’s temperament and their predisposition to respond to their environment
B. an individual’s personality type
C. an individual’s rating on his or her sociometric scale
D. income and occupational status in adulthood
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
5. Adults who score in the highest 25% of the IQ distribution ____.
A. often do well in their careers in terms of income, achievement and awards
B. often are diagnosed with mental retardation and need assistance with life skills
C. are average and generally go unnoticed
D. are often diagnosed as gifted and have deficiencies in social skills
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
6. Your best friend who has a very high IQ just began a new job that seems to be a perfect fit for her. However, she has been stressed about how she will perform. What could you tell her?
A. She should be nervous, as high IQ employees generally have very high turnover.
B. She has good reason to be worried. People in the highest 10% of IQ are usually made fun of by other employees for being ‘nerds’.
C. She is likely to succeed. Research has found that people in the highest 25% in IQ will do well in their careers.
D. There is no relationship between IQ and career success. She will just need to work very hard.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
7. Several longitudinal studies have examined children with high IQ scores. These studies discovered that IQ is strongly and positively related to ____.
A. adult success
B. marriage failure
C. children with behaviour problems
D. having few adult friends, just like during childhood
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
8. Longitudinal studies of children with high IQs show that IQ is a ____.
A. weak predictor of academic success
B. strong predictor of adult success
C. strong predictor of temperament
D. weak predictor of career and financial success
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
9. Louis Terman was ____.
A. the developer of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
B. the father of psychoanalysis and the developer of psychoanalytic therapy
C. one of the original developers of the Stanford-Binet test
D. the co-author of the book The Origin of Species
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
10. Louis Terman, one of the original developers of the Stanford-Binet test, began a study in the 1920s of 1,500 children with exceptionally high IQ scores of ____ or higher.
A. 120
B. 130
C. 140
D. 150
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
11. What were the children with exceptionally high IQs (140 or higher) called who participated in Louis Terman’s study that followed them into adulthood?
A. Lifers
B. Geniuses
C. Geeks
D. Termites
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
12. What was one of the results that was found in the Terman longitudinal study that examined children who had exceptionally high IQ scores (140 or higher)? These children____.
A. had very difficult childhoods, in that other children constantly made fun of them
B. had dozens of patents, hundreds of books written and many other achievements
C. were more likely to be severely depressed
D. were more likely to be in childless marriages
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
13. Louis Terman, one of the original developers of the Stanford-Binet test, began a study in the 1920s of 1,500 children with exceptionally high IQ scores and as compared to the control group, these ‘Termites’, as they were referred to, ____.
A. had a great deal of personal distress and were often depressed, anxious and manifested high hostility towards others
B. had a great deal of educational and occupational success, with dozens of patents and hundreds of books
C. had a higher rate of alcoholism, divorce and mental disorders
D. were similar in few ways, illustrating that IQ has very little predictive value
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
14. What was one of the results found in the Terman longitudinal study that examined children who had exceptionally high IQ scores (140 or higher)? The high IQ children ____.
A. were less likely to have a strong circle of friends
B. were more likely to have mental disorders
C. were less likely to have personal problems
D. were more likely to be alcoholics
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
15. Louis Terman, one of the original developers of the Stanford-Binet test, began a study in the 1920s of 1,500 children with exceptionally high IQ scores. When compared to the control group, the high IQ participants were ____.
A. less likely to have personal problems such as alcoholism, divorce and mental disorders
B. more likely to have personal problems such as anxiety, depression and alcoholism
C. more likely to experience career failure and financial ruin
D. less likely to experience educational and occupational success
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
16. It is difficult to say that IQ tests predict career success in a definitive way because ____.
A. most real world problems are often complicated and do not have the kind of simple, definite solutions IQ tests reward
B. IQ exams lack the ability to measure a person’s working memory and intellectual quotient accurately
C. most IQ questions are too complex and cannot be applied to everyday situations
D. most IQ tests are given in a group format and this does not lend itself to measuring a person’s ability to manage his or her social environment
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
17. Although the body of research examining the relationship between IQ and adult career success is large, nearly all of it is concentrated ____.
A. in developed countries
B. in non-Western countries
C. solely in the United States
D. exclusively outside of the United States
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
18. What IQ scholar has asserted that people in non-Western cultures may have quite different ideas about what constitutes intelligence than people in Western cultures?
A. Alfred Binet
B. Louis Terman
C. Robert Sternberg
D. Jean Piaget
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
19. In what culture is there a common theme that intelligence includes humility, self-knowledge and freedom from conventional standards of judgment?
A. Chinese
B. Kenyan
C. American
D. Icelandic
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
20. Among Chinese adults, one is considered highly intelligent if he or she possesses ____.
A. high levels of humility, self-knowledge and freedom from conventional standards of judgment
B. high school and university degrees, and a high-paying corporate job
C. high analytical intelligence, low practical intelligence and a moderate level of creative intelligence
D. low analytical intelligence, but measures high on interpersonal and body-kinaesthetic intelligences
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
21. In what cultures is there a common theme that intelligence includes skills that help promote group harmony and social responsibility?
A. Asian
B. African
C. American
D. European
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
22. Peter is from an African country that emphasises cooperativeness and obedience as qualities of intelligence. According to the text, Peter is most likely from ____.
A. Zimbabwe
B. Zambia
C. Kenya
D. Oman
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
23. Which of the following countries is more likely to view participation in family and social life as important aspects of intelligence?
A. The United States
B. Denmark
C. Russia
D. Kenya
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
24. In Zimbabwe, the word for intelligence, ngware, actually means ____.
A. a person who is outspoken and self-confident
B. to be adventurous and high in sensation-seeking activities
C. a person who possesses many belongings
D. to be prudent and cautious, especially in social relations
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
25. In what two cultures is there a common theme among conceptions of intelligence, in that it includes social elements as well as cognitive elements such as knowledge.
A. Asian; African
B. North American; South American
C. Middle Eastern; European
D. European; North American
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
26. For <P>Piaget, the culmination of cognitive maturation is the attainment of formal operations around ages ____.
A. 8–10
B. 11–14
C. 15–20
D. 21–25
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
27. Which of the following are two aspects of cognitive development that occur during young adulthood?
A. The acquisition of expertise and creativity
B. Decentration and the conception of false beliefs
C. Egocentrism and an imaginary audience
D. Reversibility and personal fables
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
28. Your girlfriend has an amazing ability to put ideas or materials together in new, culturally meaningful ways. What skill does she possess?
A. Cultural relativism
B. Social engineering
C. Expertise
D. Creativity
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
29. Expertise is defined as ____.
A. losing knowledge or skills in only one specific field
B. developing knowledge and skills in all specific fields
C. lacking knowledge or skills in any specific field
D. extensive knowledge and skills in a specific field
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
30. What is the term used to define ‘extensive knowledge and skills in a specific field’?
A. Business savvy
B. Experience
C. Field knowledge
D. Expertise
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
31. An individual who maintains a(n) ____ status is one who possesses an extensive knowledge and skills in a specific field.
A. freshman
B. expert
C. greenhorn
D. rookie
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
32. According to scholars of expertise, how long does it take in most fields to attain expertise?
A. 5 years
B. 10 years
C. 15 years
D. 20 years
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
33. It takes about ____ years for an individual to develop expertise in most fields.
A. 2
B. 5
C. 10
D. 15
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
34. Adam is a landscape architect and has a thriving business. His clients believe that he is the best, an expert in the field. Leaving high school at the age of 18, he enrolled at Cornell University and earned his bachelor’s degree in landscape architecture at the age of 22. Knowing how long it takes to develop an expertise in any given field, what is the minimum age Adam is likely to be?
A. 28
B. 32
C. 36
D. 44
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
35. Frankie trained as a mechanic while she was in high school. As part of her schedule, she spent the morning completing her academic coursework and then spent the afternoon at a vocational training centre learning from a master mechanic. Upon high school graduation, she was hired by an auto repair shop. After years of working, Frankie is considered an expert in auto repair. Based upon how long it takes to develop expertise in any particular field, what is Frankie’s likely minimum age?
A. 22
B. 25
C. 28
D. 32
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
36. As compared to novices, experts tend to be ____.
A. more laid back and engage in greater degree of social loafing
B. quicker and more efficient in solving problems
C. more patient and meticulous at problem-solving
D. consciousness and diligent in problem-solving
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
37. Your cousin, who is in his early 30s, owns his own Internet marketing company. Before starting the Internet marketing company, he ran another Internet start-up for 8 years before selling it. Whenever any problems arise with the company, he draws from his wide range of knowledge and experience with similar problems in the past in order to devise an effective solution. What would experts say your cousin has?
A. Experience
B. A successful business
C. Expertise
D. Problem-solving skills
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
38. A burst of brain development takes place during ____, as dendritic connections between neurons multiply vastly.
A. late childhood
B. adolescence
C. young adulthood
D. middle adulthood
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
39. Gaining _________ allows people to address problems and tasks in their field more quickly and efficiently.
A. expertise
B. creativity
C. schooling
D. an apprenticeship
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
40. Dendritic connections between neurons are pared down through synaptic ____.
A. pruning
B. cutting
C. rooting
D. underregulation
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
41. When does synaptic pruning no longer take place at a high rate?
A. By the late 20s
B. At the end of adolescence
C. By early adolescence
D. By the end of middle childhood
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
42. The maturity of what brain area promotes the kind of focused attention and goal-directed behaviour that leads to expertise?
A. Auditory cortex
B. Cccipital cortex
C. Frontal cortex
D. Parietal cortex
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
43. Researchers believe that the continued maturity of which lobe of the cortex during young adulthood is responsible for cognitive changes such as focusing attention and goal-directed behaviours that lead to expertise.
A. Frontal
B. Parietal
C. Occipital
D. Temporal
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
44. What do experts call a person who is able to put ideas or materials together in new, culturally meaningful ways?
A. Intelligent
B. An idea person
C. A problem-solver
D. Creative
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
45. Minke has an antique restoration business and has a great ability to envision a piece of junk as a restored final masterpiece. Throughout his life he has always tinkered with innovative ideas and has always invented new products. It is clear that Minke possesses a high level of____.
A. concreteness
B. objectiveness
C. congestion
D. creativity
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
46. Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison were all great American inventors. It is clear that these individuals were highly ____.
A. creative
B. operationalised
C. conceptual
D. concrete
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
47. It is difficult to measure creativity objectively because ____.
A. creative answers are ones that no one else has thought of before
B. it is too challenging to ask subjects to problem-solve in creative ways
C. it is difficult to operationalise a formal definition of creativity
D. creativity is intuitive, and therefore, difficult to conceptualise
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
48. A number of studies of persons with outstanding accomplishments have found that their creative achievements rise during young adulthood and peak in the ____ then gradually decline.
A. 30s and early 40s
B. 40s and early 50s
C. 50s and early 60s
D. 60s and early 70s
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
49. Jackson has been a software developer for his entire career. He found early success with an application he designed during his free time in university, and has been able to expand on that success as the head of a successful software company. He is considered an expert among his peers, and his innovative solutions have helped his company become profitable. He is at his creative peak. Based upon cited research studies, how old is Jackson most likely to be at this point in his career?
A. 18 years old
B. 27 years old
C. 39 years old
D. 62 years old
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
50. At what ages are novelists generally the most creative?
A. 20s through 30s
B. 30s through 40s
C. 40s through 60s
D. 60s through 80s
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
51. According to scholars, when are people capable of producing creative work?
A. After expertise has been established
B. After receiving post-secondary education
C. After working in an area for 12 years
D. After completing formal operations
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
52. Gaining ____ allows an individual to solve problems, whereas ____ allows an individual to find problems to solve.
A. a hypothesis; speculation
B. speculation; a hypothesis
C. creativity; expertise
D. expertise; creativity
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
53. Expertise is analogous with ____, whereas creativity is analogous with ____.
A. problem-solving; problem finding
B. problem-solving; problem awareness
C. problem cognition; problem-solving
D. problem subconsciousness; problem-solving
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
54. Problem-solving is to ____ as problem finding is to ____.
A. creativity; expertise
B. expertise; creativity
C. cognition; subconscious
D. subconscious; cognition
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
55. When are artists, musicians, inventors, mathematicians and physicists the most creative?
A. In their 70s
B. In their 60s
C. In their 40s and 50s
D. In their 20s and 30s
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
56. Creative people tend to be creative _____.
A. throughout their whole lives
B. through middle age
C. through young adulthood
D. through emerging adulthood
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
Short
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.6
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
58. Why is problem finding considered a more advanced ability than problem-solving? Explain.
Alternative: What is problem finding and when does it emerge? (same as below, but include young adulthood/after the formal operations stage)
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
Essay: Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
59. Who are the Termites? What did researchers learn about them?
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.5
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: adult intelligence
60. According to the definition used by researchers, can adolescents attain expertise in a specific field? What if their area of expertise is video gaming? Could these adolescents be considered an exception?
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.7
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
61. According to researchers, why does creativity tend to peak in young adulthood rather than continuing to increase throughout the lifespan?
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.8
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Cognitive development: cognitive changes in young adulthood
Section 3: Emotional and social development
Multiple choice: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. In Erik Erikson’s theory of the lifespan, what is the central emotional and psychosocial issue of young adulthood?
A. Identity vs. role confusion
B. Intimacy vs. isolation
C. Generativity vs. stagnation
D. Ego-integrity vs. despair
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.9
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
2. According to Erikson, before an individual can establish intimacy with another, he or she must successfully establish his or her ____.
A. identity in love, work and ideology
B. congruency between real, ideal and feared selves
C. sense of righteousness and that the world is just
D. sense of integrity knowing that their life, thus far, has been satisfying
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.9
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
3. Which of the following best describes Erik Erikson’s notion of intimacy?
A. When an individual becomes cognisant of their private and public selves, blends them and creates a shared self to present to another person within a relationship
B. When the ego works in conjunction with the superego to satisfy the desires of the id in a socially acceptable way
C. The uniting of one’s newly formed identity with another person in an enduring, committed intimate relationship
D. When an individual develops the skills necessary for a relationship by modelling it after what he or she has observed from the environment
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.9
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
4. Your roommate has a new significant other. All he can do is talk about her and plan when he will see her next. He is totally devoted to her and is willing to do whatever she wishes to do without even considering his wants and desires. What is wrong with the way your roommate is acting?
A. Nothing. This is the way intimacy develops.
B. He needs to spend more time with her rather than just thinking about being with her.
C. He is ‘losing himself’ in devotion to her, which is not healthy intimacy.
D. He needs to lose his identity and reinvent a new identity that is defined by the relationship.
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.9
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
5. Healthy intimacy means having a strong enough identity to become emotionally close to someone ____.
A. without submerging oneself into the relationship
B. while emerging oneself into the relationship
C. while totally losing oneself in total devotion to the other person
D. without sacrificing or compromising in any way
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.9
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
6. Who developed the triangular theory of love?
A. Jean Piaget
B. Robert Sternberg
C. Alfred Binet
D. Erik Erikson
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
7. What type of love involves physical attraction and sexual desire?
A. Intimacy
B. Commitment
C. Passion
D. Desire
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
8. According to the triangular theory of love, intimacy is best described as ____.
A. feelings of closeness and emotional attachment
B. pledging to love someone over a lengthy period of time
C. physical attraction and sexual desire for another person
D. psychological attraction for another based upon the physical characteristics
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
9. What type of love involves feelings of closeness and emotional attachment?
A. Intimacy
B. Commitment
C. Passion
D. Desire
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
10. According to the triangular theory of love, ____ involves physical attraction and sexual desire, whereas ____ is a feeling of closeness and emotional attachment.
A. passion; intimacy
B. intimacy; passion
C. commitment; intimacy
D. passion; commitment
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
11. What type of love involves the pledge to love someone over the long run, through the ups and downs that are often part of love?
A. Intimacy
B. Commitment
C. Passion
D. Desire
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
12. What type of love characterises most friendships and involves intimacy without passion or commitment?
A. Liking
B. Infatuation
C. Empty love
D. Romantic love
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
13. What type of love involves a heightened level of sexual desire, but without emotional closeness or an enduring commitment?
A. Friendship
B. Infatuation
C. Empty love
D. Romantic love
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
14. What type of love involves commitment alone without passion or intimacy and applies to a couple who have been married for many years, and who have lost the passion and intimacy in their relationship, but remain together?
A. Friendship
B. Infatuation
C. Empty love
D. Romantic love
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
15. Your parents have been married for 30 years, but they really do not do much together any more. You can tell that they like each other, but the romance seems to be gone. According to Sternberg, what type of love do you think they are experiencing at this time?
A. Romantic love
B. Companionate love
C. Fatuous love
D. Empty love
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
16. What type of love involves passion and intimacy but not commitment? This is the kind of love people mean when they talk about being ‘in love’.
A. Friendship
B. Infatuation
C. Empty love
D. Romantic love
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
17. What type of love combines intimacy and commitment, but without passion? This type of love also applies to unusually close friendships as well as close family relationships.
A. Romantic love
B. Companionate love
C. Fatuous love
D. Consummate love
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
18. What type of love involves passion and commitment, but without intimacy? This type of love would apply to a ‘whirlwind’ courtship where two people meet, fall passionately in love and get married, all within a few weeks before they even have time to know each other well.
A. Romantic love
B. Companionate love
C. Fatuous love
D. Consummate love
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
19. Your younger brother is absolutely crazy about his new girlfriend. They have been together for about two weeks and they are inseparable. He is already talking about a permanent situation with her. According to Sternberg, what type of love is he experiencing?
A. Romantic love
B. Companionate love
C. Fatuous love
D. Empty love
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
20. You and your boyfriend are seniors in university, but have been together since you were sophomores in high school. At this point, you have grown apart and the passion and intimacy have long been gone. According to Sternberg, what type of love are you experiencing?
A. Liking
B. Infatuation
C. Companionate love
D. Empty love
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
21. What type of love integrates passion, intimacy and commitment? This type of love represents the ideal for many people.
A. Romantic love
B. Companionate love
C. Fatuous love
D. Consummate love
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
22. Your grandparents have been married for 50 years. They go everywhere together. You have caught them kissing when they thought they were alone and they hold hands quite a bit in public. They rarely make a move without asking the other his or her opinion. You hope to have that type of relationship someday. According to Sternberg, what type of love do you think they are experiencing?
A. Romantic love
B. Companionate love
C. Fatuous love
D. Consummate love
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
23. What aspect of love fades fairly quickly in most relationships as partners become used to each other and the stresses and conflicts of daily life accumulate?
A. Intimacy
B. Passion
C. Commitment
D. Stability
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
24. What aspects of love begin more slowly and take longer to develop, but endure longest?
A. Intimacy and passion
B. Intimacy and commitment
C. Passion and commitment
D. Stability and commitment
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.10
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
25. What percentage of people in most societies eventually marry or form another kind of long-term romantic partnership?
A. 60%
B. 70%
C. 80%
D. 90%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
26. David Buss (1990 and 2003) conducted a massive study of over 10,000 young people in 37 countries. What ranked as the first criterion for marriage?
A. Bride’s/groom’s family income
B. Mutual attraction and love
C. Likelihood of becoming a good mother/father
D. Sexual ability
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
27. According to David Buss (2003),what trait ranked first among marriage criteria across countries?
A. A pleasing disposition
B. Emotional stability and maturity
C. Dependable character
D. Mutual attraction and love
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
28. In Eastern and Middle Eastern cultures, what trait was rated as highly important in a marriage partner?
A. Chastity
B. Pleasing personality
C. Emotional stability and maturity
D. Sense of humour
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
29. Research has shown that while it is clear that both males and females prize ____, men prize it more highly than women. In contrast, women are more likely to be attracted to ____.
A. a strong sense of humour; overall personality
B. overall personality; a strong sense of humour
C. ambition and financial; physical attractiveness
D. physical attractiveness; ambition and financial success
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
30. What type of marriage is it when men have more than one wife?
A. Romantic
B. Arranged
C. Monogamous
D. Polygyny
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
31. According to the text, marriage has more often been seen by cultures as ____.
A. a way to increase the likelihood of survival
B. a mechanism to create more children
C. a uniting of two individuals
D. an alliance between two families
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
32. When do people in cultures with arranged marriages believe love develops?
A. It never develops
B. Before the marriage
C. After the marriage
D. During the marriage after the first child is born
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
33. For how many years has India practiced arranged marriages?
A. 6,000 years
B. 2,000 years
C. 1,000 years
D. 600 years
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
34. What percentage of young adults living in India intend to choose their own mates?
A. over 20%
B. nearly 40%
C. about60%
D. over 80%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
35. In most Eastern cultures today, what is the most common type of marriage?
A. Semi-arranged
B. Arranged
C. Self-selected
D. Divorced
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
36. Which of the following best describes a ‘semi-arranged marriage’?
A. Parents introduce a potential mate to their child. If the young person has a favourable impression of the potential mate, they date a few times. If they agree that they are compatible, they marry.
B. Parents screen applicants as a potential mate; they convene and discuss the characteristics of applicants with other high status family members, interview top candidates and select the best one for their child.
C. Parents allow their children to date freely, and as their child introduces them to a potential mate, parents screen and interview. After this process, parents provide their child with an official recommendation of who to marry.
D. Parents use the Internet to screen and select potential mates for their child. After creating a pool of applicants, parents then facilitate an Internet relationship between potential mates and their child. Based upon the development of relationships that develop, parents select the best mate for their child.
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
37. The idea that romantic love should be the basis of marriage is only how old?
A. 600 years
B. 200 years
C. 100 years
D. 300 years
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
38. What is the term used to describe a substantial gift of money or property from the groom and his kin to the bride and her kin?
A. Bride service
B. Dowry
C. Bride price
D. Bride gift
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Outcome: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
39. A bride price is best described as ____.
A. a substantial gift of money or property from the groom and his kin to the bride and her kin
B. an arrangement in which the groom is obligated to work for the bride’s family for a designated period before and/or after the marriage
C. a transfer of money or property from the bride’s family to the groom and his family upon marriage
D. the custom of the bride’s family paying for the wedding reception
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
40. A bride service is best described as ____.
A. a substantial gift of money or property from the groom and his kin to the bride and her kin
B. an arrangement in which the groom is obligated to work for the bride’s family for a designated period before and/or after the marriage
C. a transfer of money or property from the bride’s family to the groom and his family upon marriage
D. the custom of the bride’s family paying for the wedding reception
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
41. A dowry is best described as ____.
A. a substantial gift of money or property from the groom and his kin to the bride and her kin
B. an arrangement in which the groom is obligated to work for the bride’s family for a designated period before and/or after the marriage
C. the transfer of money or property from the bride’s family to the groom and his family upon marriage
D. the custom of the bride’s family paying for the wedding reception
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: Emotional development in young adulthood
42. According to research, marital satisfaction tends to be the highest ____.
A. in the first year
B. in the third and fourth years
C. in the fifth to eighth year
D. after 10 years
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
43. There is a steady decline in marital satisfaction in the first few years, followed by a ____.
A. plateau and then another decline after 9 or 10 years of marriage
B. plateau and then a steady increase after the fifth year of marriage
C. steady increase for the remainder of the marriage
D. steady increase until year 10, then a steady decline
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
44. Albert is engaged and is looking forward to starting a new chapter of his life with his wife-to-be. He knows that many marriages end in divorce, and wants to do everything he can to ensure that he and his wife remain happy together for their entire lives. What is one of the most important things Albert can do in his marriage to ensure that he stays married?
A. Have a large salary
B. Make sure that he contributes to family duties
C. Insist that his wife perform all of the ‘woman’s’ duties while he performs the ‘man’s’ duties
D. Require that his wife stay home and raise their children
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
45. Which of the following are factors related to marital satisfaction?
A. Shared responsibilities, high emotional literacy, high cognitive stability and temperament
B. Emotional literacy, financial stability, cognitive ability and attachment style
C. Realistic expectations, shared interests, shared roles and responsibilities and shared power
D. High job satisfaction, an easy temperament, high emotional stability and good coping skills
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.11
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
46. According to sociologist Barbara Whitehead, people in the West today expect marriage to fulfil their emotional needs for love and intimacy, and if it ceases to do so, they often seek to leave the marriage, or seek what she has coined ____.
A. bilateral divorce
B. implied divorce
C. expressive divorce
D. implicit divorce
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
47. According to Whitehead (2001), people in the West expect marriage to fulfil their emotional needs for love and intimacy. If those expectations cease to occur, what happens?
A. Divorce therapy
B. Marriage therapy
C. Expressive divorce
D. Reconcilable marriage
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
48. Which of the following areas of the world has the highest divorce rate?
A. Asia
B. Africa
C. The Middle East
D. Eastern Europe
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
49. What country has the highest divorce rate in the world?
A. New Zealand
B. Australia
C. The United States
D. Canada
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
50. According to the graph (Figure 10.4) depicting cumulative divorce by duration of marriage, which group of Americans has the lowest rate of divorce?
A. Asian Americans
B. African Americans
C. Latino Americans
D. Whites
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
51. What percentage of Americans believe that parents in an unhappy marriage should stay together for the sake of the children?
A. 55%
B. 45%
C. 35%
D. 25%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
52. Divorce risk peaks in young adulthood after about how many years of marriage?
A. 1 to 4 years
B. 5 to 10 years
C. 11 to 14 years
D. 16 to 20 years
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
53. In the United States, the divorce risk peaks in young adulthood, 5–10 years after marriage, which suggests that ____.
A. the self-concepts of each partner become established and are incongruent
B. the financial strain has become too unbearable
C. the strains of caring for young children may make maintaining marital intimacy more problematic
D. the careers of each partner begin to interfere with the amount of time they have to spend with each other
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
54. What is the 5-year divorce rate for American couples in which both partners have less than a high school education?
A. 13%
B. 20%
C. 27%
D. 33%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
55. Your cousin and her fiancé are planning on marrying. Both of them dropped out of school before completing high school. What is the likelihood that they will get divorced during the first 5 years of marriage?
A. 13%
B. 20%
C. 27%
D. 33%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
56. What is the 5-year divorce rate for American couples in which both partners have 4-year university degrees?
A. 6%
B. 13%
C. 20%
D. 27%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
57. What percentage of African American couples get divorced?
A. 70%
B. 50%
C. 30%
D. 10%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
58. What percentage of White American couples get divorced?
A. 67%
B. 47%
C. 27%
D. 7%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
59. Your best friend, who is 29 years old, just divorced after 5 years of marriage. She had a steady boyfriend in high school and married her university sweetheart. She is very concerned that she will never find another person with whom to have a romantic relationship. What do you tell her?
A. Most people who divorce in young adulthood remarry within 5 years.
B. Since she really has never been single, she better get used to it because that is the way that she is likely to remain.
C. Divorced people are usually not interested in remarrying, and they typically stay single the rest of their lives.
D. Usually couples are court-ordered not to remarry until after 10 years after the divorce.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.12
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
60. Across countries, the proportion of young adults who have neither married nor had a long-term cohabiting relationship by age 40 is usually around ____.
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 15%
D. 20%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.13
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
61. What is the term suggesting that people who do not have a serious coupled relationship are stereotyped, discriminated against and treated dismissively?
A. Relationshipism
B. Soloism
C. Singlism
D. Unism
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.13
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
62. What concept describes people who do not have a serious coupled relationship and are stereotyped, discriminated against and treated dismissively?
A. Swingers
B. Relationship phobics
C. Gays
D. Singlism
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.13
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
63. At age 40, which of the following groups has the highest rate of individuals who have never been married?
A. African Americans
B. Latinos
C. White Americans
D. Native Americans
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.13
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
64. At age 40, which of the following groups has the lowest rate of individuals who have never been married?
A. African Americans
B. Latinos
C. White Americans
D. Native Americans
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.13
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
65. In Japan, what term has been used to describe young adults who remain single into their 30s, implying that they are selfish and immature?
A. Parasite singles
B. Gay singles
C. Mother’s boy singles
D. Loser singles
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.13
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
66. Gay and lesbian couples are ____.
A. more concerned about the difficulty in having children than heterosexual couples
B. more likely to break up than heterosexual couples
C. like heterosexual couples in most ways
D. considerably different in their relationships compared to heterosexuals
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.14
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
67. How are individuals in gay or lesbian couples like heterosexual couples? Gay and lesbian couples _____.
A. tend to get divorces like heterosexual couples
B. seek long-term relationships based on love, affection and mutual respect like heterosexual couples
C. avoid marriages just like heterosexual couples
D. break up within 2 years after the relationship began just like heterosexual couples
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.14
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
68. Alicia and Avada are a lesbian couple who have been together for a few years, just as long as their friends Caitlin and Justin, a heterosexual couple. All four are out for dinner, discussing the things that cause conflict in their relationships. Listening in on the conversation, what is a likely conclusion one can draw about homosexual relationships versus heterosexual relationships?
A. Heterosexual relationships are much simpler.
B. Heterosexual relationships are considerably more complex.
C. Couples experience similar areas of conflict regardless of whether they are gay or straight.
D. Lesbian relationships are more complicated than gay relationships.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.14
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
69. The preferred current terminology in Australia to refer to diverse relationships is:
A. LGBTIQ+
B. LGBTQ
C. LGBT+
D. All of the mentioned ways are current and preferred.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.14
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
70. What percentage of people in Western countries identify as gay or lesbian?
A. 1%–10%
B. 5%–15%
C. 10%–20%
D. 15%–25%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.14
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
71. In which countries is it legal for homosexual couples to marry?
A. Canada
B. Columbia
C. New Zealand
D. All of the above
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.14
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
72. ____________ sexual activity is forbidden in many cultures.
A. Adolescence
B. Emerging adulthood
C. Young adulthood
D. Middle adulthood
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.14
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
73. In what stage of life does sexual activity peak in nearly all cultures?
A. Adolescence
B. Emerging adulthood
C. Young adulthood
D. Middle adulthood
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.15
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
74. In many cultures, young adult couples are encouraged to have frequent sexual intercourse so that they ____.
A. will produce children
B. maintain a happy and satisfying relationship
C. nurture a healthy libido
D. satisfy the unconscious id
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.15
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
75. In the West, sexual activity in young adulthood is considered to be important in promoting ____.
A. the cultural norms, values and standards of the larger mainstream group
B. a healthy balance between an individual’s id, ego and superego
C. reproductive behaviour and procreation of the next generation
D. the intimacy of the couple’s relationship as well as their mutual enjoyment and pleasure
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.15
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
76. When does masturbation peak for women?
A. In their 20s
B. In their 30s
C. In their 40s
D. In their 50s
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.15
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
77. What percentage of men in their 30s and 40s report that they always experience orgasm during sex with their primary partner?
A. 65%
B. 75%
C. 85%
D. 100%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.15
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
78. What percentage of women in their 30s and 40s report that they always experience orgasm during sex with their primary partner?
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 40%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.15
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
79. Your friend is discussing his sex life with you. He is a little worried that his wife rarely experiences orgasm when they engage in sexual activity. What would you tell him?
A. Only 30% of women report always experiencing orgasm during intercourse, so his wife’s experience is typical.
B. 44% of women never orgasm, so he should be somewhat worried.
C. 99% of women always orgasm during sexual activity, so there is definitely a problem.
D. 70% of women report always experiencing orgasm, so there might be a problem.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.15
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
80. In most countries, what percentage of young adults have at least one child?
A. 60%
B. 70%
C. 80%
D. 90%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
81. Approximately what percentage of women in Germany become parents by 40 years of age?
A. 60%
B. 70%
C. 80%
D. 90%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
82. For young adults in rural traditional cultures, becoming ____ is a highly important event in terms of their status in their community.
A. an elementary school graduate
B. a parent
C. an independent adult
D. an older brother or sister
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
83. In many rural traditional cultures, ____ is considered the main goal and function of young adult women, and women must have ____.
A. fertility; a child to be fully accepted by their husband’s family
B. education; a university degree in order to be accepted by the larger society
C. emotional stability; the ability to control themselves regardless of the situation
D. physical stamina; the ability to run 10 miles within an hour
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
84. As compared to the gender roles in many traditional cultures, the gender roles in many developed countries are ____.
A. less sharply defined
B. more finite and rigid
C. less lateralised and more bipolar
D. more unilateral and less polarised
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
85. Following the birth of a child, what happens to marital satisfaction?
A. It increases sharply.
B. It increases slightly.
C. It does not change.
D. It often declines.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
86. Why does marital satisfaction decline during the period in which child rearing occurs?
A. There is a great dissatisfaction because of lack of sexual relations.
B. Caring for children is demanding and places additional stresses on the marriage.
C. By the time children arrive, the love in the marriage is nearly gone.
D. Job stresses increase tremendously after about 7 years of marriage.
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
87. What is the phrase used to describe parents working together to meet the challenges of child care, sharing the responsibilities of parenting and providing support to each other?
A. Bilateral parenting
B. Latch-key child care
C. Tag-team parenting
D. Co-parenting team
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
88. Across countries, about what percentage of single parents are single mothers?
A. 90%
B. 70%
C. 50%
D. 30%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
89. In Europe, Canada and the United States, what percentage of births are to single mothers?
A. 20%
B. 40%
C. 60%
D. 80%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
90. In the United States, what is the rate of single motherhood in African Americans?
A. 70%
B. 50%
C. 30%
D. 10%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
91. In the United States, what is the rate of single motherhood in White Americans?
A. Over 80%
B. Over 60%
C. Over 40%
D. Over 20%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
92. Based upon national statistics cited in the text, African American women are about ____ likely to be single mothers when compared to White American women.
A. half as
B. equally
C. twice as
D. three times as
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
93. Among American partners who both have less than a high school degree, how many marriages end in divorce within 5 years?
A. 74%
B. 54%
C. 33%
D. 14%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
94. Approximately what percentage of women in Iceland become parents by 40 years of age?
A. 25%
B. 75%
C. 80%
D. 98%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
95. Approximately what percentage of women in the United States become parents by 40 years of age?
A. 25%
B. 75%
C. 80%
D. 98%
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
96. Your best friend from elementary school moved years ago with her family to Denmark, where her grandparents and parents grew up. You have kept in touch with her and found out that she is now pregnant, but she and her long-term partner are not married. From your developmental course, what do you know about single motherhood in northern European countries?
A. That it is very common for couples to cohabit for years and have children before getting married.
B. That it is very common for single mothers to get pregnant in northern European counties and have no support from the father.
C. This is a rare event. Very few mothers get pregnant outside of marriage in northern European countries.
D. She will probably be moving back to Australia soon. Unmarried mothers are ostracised in northern Europe.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
97. Your friend and his girlfriend are breaking up. He has been very involved with their children, who are 3 and 6 years old. How likely is it that he will be the parent who will serve as the primary caregiver and custodial parent?
A. Very likely
B. Somewhat likely
C. Not likely
D. Very unlikely
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.16
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
98. According to Donald Super, during what stage do occupational choices become more focused?
A. Crystallisation
B. Specification
C. Implementation
D. Stabilisation
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.17
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
99. According to Donald Super, during what stage are education and training completed?
A. Crystallisation
B. Specification
C. Implementation
D. Stabilisation
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.17
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
100. Lawrence is 23 years old and has recently graduated with his bachelor’s degree in psychology. He has applied to several graduate programs but has been denied by all of them. Now, Lawrence is seeking employment and would like to find a job that leads to a promising career. Although not his ideal scenario, he applied for a position as an academic advisor at a university, was offered a job and accepted the position. Which stage of Donald Super’s theory of occupational development is Lawrence in?
A. Crystallisation
B. Implementation
C. Stabilisation
D. Consolidation
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.17
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
101. According to Donald Super, during what stage do young adults establish themselves in their careers?
A. Specification
B. Implementation
C. Stabilisation
D. Consolidation
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.17
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
102. During what stage of Donald Super’s stages of occupational development do individuals establish themselves in their careers? This stage is also when an individual’s occupational ‘wet feet’ period ends, and they become more stable and experienced in their work.
A. Crystallisation
B. Implementation
C. Stabilisation
D. Consolidation
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.17
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
103. According to Donald Super, during what stage do adults continue to gain expertise and seek advancement into higher-status positions as expertise grows?
A. Specification
B. Implementation
C. Stabilisation
D. Consolidation
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.17
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
104. Which of the following is the correct sequencing of stages for Donald Super’s theory of occupational development?
A. Specification, stabilisation, crystallisation, consolidation and implementation
B. Implementation, stabilisation, consolidation, crystallisation and specification
C. Crystallisation, specification, implementation, stabilisation and consolidation
D. Consolidation, stabilisation, crystallisation, implementation and specification
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.17
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
105. What theorist investigated the kinds of personality characteristics that are typical of people who hold various jobs, and of adolescents who aspire to those jobs?
A. Jean Piaget
B. John Holland
C. Donald Super
D. Robert Sternberg
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.17
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
106. How many categories does researcher John Holland use to describe personality categories that one should consider when matching a person with a prospective occupation?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 10
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.17
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
107. Even though the proportion of young women who are employed has risen in the 20th and 21st centuries, the majority of women still work in the ____.
A. science and engineering sector
B. service sector
C. business sector
D. agriculture sector
Difficulty: Basic
Learning Objective: 10.17
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
108. Although men now do more of the child care than in previous generations, wives will still do more housework than their husbands, even when both of them work full-time. What do sociologists call this phenomenon?
A. A giant rip off
B. Divorce bound
C. Second shift
D. Sexism
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.17
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
109. In young adulthood, as family and work obligations are acquired, what else also increases?
A. Marital conflict
B. Extra work obligations
C. Interfamily expansion
D. Community involvement
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.18
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
110. Of all evening leisure activities among New Zealand adults, which of the following is most popular?
A. Computer use and being on the Internet
B. Watching television
C. Attending sporting events
D. Being outdoors, camping and hiking
Difficulty: Complex
Learning Objective: 10.18
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
111. Desiree is an average young adult Australian female. Based upon statistics, which of the following is the most frequent activity that she is likely to engage in on weekday nights, between dinner and bedtime?
A. Watching television
B. Talking with friends
C. Doing chores
D. Walking the dog
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.18
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
112. Hours watching television in adulthood is negatively related to _____.
A. a higher body mass index and obesity
B. volunteerism and religious involvement
C. social anxiety and self-isolation
D. exercise and pro-health behaviours
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.18
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
113. Why do adults in developed countries devote more of their leisure time to watching television when television viewing is such an unsatisfying experience?
A. It is easy and requires little of them.
B. Most television is so educational that much can be learned.
C. People are too heavy to do much else.
D. People are so overworked that they have no energy left for anything else after the workday.
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 10.18
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
Short
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.11
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
115. Describe the semi-arranged marriages of the East. Are there any similarities to the way mate selection occurs in Western countries? Are there any benefits? Explain.
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 10.11
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
116. What is a dowry? Are there any customs in Western countries that seem to be influenced by dowries today?
Difficulty: Basic
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.11
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
117. What are two factors correlated with higher rates of divorce in the United States? How does that compare with Australia?
In the United States, divorce rates peak in young adulthood and are especially high among African Americans and young adults with low educational attainment. Young Americans believe in the value of marriage more than young people in most other Western countries, but they also believe that partners should not stay in a marriage that is unhappy. In Australia, divorce risk peaks 5–10 years after marriage, with the median duration from marriage to divorce in 2015 being 12.1 years.
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
Learning Objective: 10.12
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
118. Bill and Russell are a gay couple. Describe one way that they are likely to be similar to married couples and one way they are likely to be different.
Difficulty: Basic
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 10.14
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
119. To what was sociologist Hochschild referring when she talked about ‘the second shift’. Is there research to support her claim? Explain.
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 10.17
A-head: Emotional and social development: the social and cultural contexts of young adulthood
Essay: Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
120. Several first-year university students have told their advisors that the reason they chose their major, education, is so that they will be able to be with their children after school and in the summer while their spouse is working. Whose theory does this support? Explain.
Difficulty: Moderate
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 10.9
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood
121. Your friend surprised you when he told you that, after only a year, he was getting divorced. When you asked what happened, he said, ‘The spark just wasn’t there anymore.’ Is this statement consistent with theory and research? Explain.
Difficulty: Basic
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 10.10
A-head: Emotional and social development: emotional development in young adulthood