The Digestive System Verified Test Bank Wyma Ch.32

Student name:__________

1) Letter A on the figure of the digestive system shows the __________.

2) Letter B on the figure of the digestive system shows the __________.

3) The __________ is shown at letter C on the figure of the digestive system.

4) Letter D on the figure of the digestive system represents the __________.

5) The __________, which begins the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, is shown at letter E on the figure of the digestive system.

6) Letter F on the figure of the digestive system indicates the __________, which connects the mouth with the esophagus.

7) The __________ is shown at letter G on the figure of the digestive system.

8) Letter H on the figure of the digestive system represents the __________.

9) Letter I on the figure of the digestive system shows the __________.

10) Letter J on the figure of the digestive system indicates the __________.

11) The __________ is shown at letter K on the figure of the digestive system.

12) Letter L on the figure of the digestive system refers to the __________.

13) When the __________ passes too quickly through the small intestines, nutrients are not absorbed.

14) Pancreatic __________ cells produce pancreatic juice, which ultimately flows through the pancreatic duct to the duodenum.

15) In the nasopharynx, just above the palatine tonsils, are two masses of lymphatic tissue called the pharyngeal tonsils, or __________, that protect the area from bacteria and viruses.

16) The last few centimeters at the end of the rectum are known as the __________.

17) A patient with a lack of appetite, nausea, slight fever, increased white blood cells, and pain in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) that radiates throughout the abdomen and even down the right leg, may have an inflammation of the appendix called __________.

18) The __________ colon is the portion of the large intestine that runs up the right side of the abdominal cavity.

19) The substance produced in the liver that is used in the digestion of fats and is stored in the gallbladder is __________.

20) The mass created in the mouth by food mixed with the saliva and mucus is called a(n) __________.

21) The pancreatic enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin, and __________ digest proteins.

22) The __________ sphincter, also known as the esophageal sphincter, controls the movement of food into the stomach.

23) The beginning of the large intestine is the __________.

24) __________ is a type of carbohydrate found in many vegetables that provides fiber or bulk for the large intestine.

25) The hepatic duct merges with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the __________ duct, which delivers bile to the duodenum.

26) Teeth called __________, also known as the canines, are the sharpest teeth and are used to tear tough food.

27) The hepatic duct merges with the __________ duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct.

28) Mass movements of the large intestine trigger the __________ reflex, which allows anal sphincters to relax and feces to move through the anus in the process of elimination.

29) The transverse colon crosses the abdominal cavity and becomes the __________ colon as it runs through the left side of the abdominal cavity.

30) The simple sugars, monosaccharides and __________, are obtained from sweet foods and fruits.

31) When a patient has abnormal dilations or pouches in the intestinal wall that are not inflamed, the condition is known as __________.

32) The beginning of the small intestine that is C-shaped and relatively short is called the __________.

33) Excess glucose is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle cells as __________.

34) Bile leaves the liver through the __________ duct and merges with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct.

35) The liver is divided into a large right lobe and a small left lobe, which are divided into smaller parts called hepatic __________ that contain macrophages and hepatocytes.

36) Branches of the hepatic __________ carry blood from the digestive organs to the hepatic lobules.

37) Each hepatic lobule contains many cells called __________ that process the nutrients in blood and make bile.

38) When an organ pushes through a wall that contains it, a(n) __________ develops.

39) A(n) __________ illness is one for which the cause is unknown.

40) The __________ sphincter controls the movement of chyme from the ileum to the cecum, which is the beginning of the large intestine.

41) The body of the tongue is held to the floor of the oral cavity by a flap of mucous membrane called the lingual __________.

42) The back of the tongue contains two lumps of lymphatic tissue called __________ that destroy bacteria and viruses on the back of the tongue.

43) The essential fatty acid __________ must be obtained in the diet because the body cannot make it. It is found in corn and sunflower oils.

44) The jejunum and ileum are held in the abdominal cavity by a fan-like tissue called the __________, which is attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen.

45) The lining of the small intestine contains cells that have __________, which increase the surface area of the small intestine so that it can absorb many nutrients.

46) The pancreatic enzymes that digest nucleic acids are __________.

47) At the back of the mouth in the oropharynx are two masses of lymphatic tissue called __________ tonsils that protect the area from bacteria and viruses.

48) The largest of the salivary glands, located beneath the skin just in front of the ears, are the __________ glands.

49) In the stomach, chief cells secrete pepsinogen, which becomes __________ in the presence of acid.

50) The enzymes secreted by the small intestine that digest proteins are __________.

51) The __________ sphincter controls the movement of substances from the pylorus of the stomach into the small intestine.

52) The double-walled outermost layer of the alimentary canal is the __________, which also is known as the peritoneum.

53) The __________ cells of saliva secrete amylase and a fluid made mostly of water.

54) In the pelvic cavity, the descending colon forms the S-shaped tube called the __________ colon.

55) The smallest of the salivary glands, located in the floor of the mouth beneath the tongue, are the __________ glands.

56) The salivary glands located in the floor of the mouth just inside the surface of the mandible are the __________ glands.

57) The layer of the alimentary canal just inferior to the mucosa that contains loose connective tissue, blood vessels, glands, and nerves is the __________.

58) The ascending colon becomes the __________ colon as it crosses the abdominal cavity.

59) The most abundant dietary lipids are __________, which are found in meats, eggs, milk, and butter.

60) The back of the soft palate hangs down into the throat. This portion of the soft palate is called the __________.

61) Projecting off the cecum is the __________, which is made mostly of lymphoid tissue and is thought to have a role in immunity.

62) What is the palate’s main function?

A) assists in speech
B) destroys bacteria and viruses
C) separates the oral and nasal cavities
D) secretes saliva
E) prevents food from entering the nose during swallowing

63) Which of the following enzymes, which breaks down carbohydrates, is contained in saliva?

A) amylase
B) trypsin
C) chyme
D) pepsin
E) lactase

64) What is the main function of the epiglottis?

A) It helps propel food to the esophagus.
B) It secretes digestive enzymes.
C) It contains vocal cords.
D) It covers the opening of the larynx.
E) It separates the nasal and oral cavities.

65) The esophageal hiatus is the __________.

A) lower section of the esophagus
B) upper section of the esophagus
C) part of the esophagus that connects to the stomach
D) part of the esophagus that connects to the pharynx
E) hole in the diaphragm that the esophagus goes through

66) The gallbladder’s only function is to __________.

A) perform digestion of fat
B) store bile
C) increase the absorption of fatty acids and cholesterol
D) produce the enzymes amylase and lipase
E) store vitamins and iron

67) The practitioner has determined that Janellyn, a 55-year-old patient, is at risk for cirrhosis of the liver. The practitioner would like the medical assistant to educate Janellyn on how to minimize this risk. Which of the following statements might be included in this type of teaching?

A) "Avoid drinking alcohol."
B) "Wash your hands frequently."
C) "Try to gain a little weight to offset the risk."
D) "Use only over-the-counter drugs when you are ill."
E) "Limit your intake of red meat to no more than twice a week."

68) Gerri is a 32-year-old mother of two children who is in the office for a routine annual examination. She tells you that she feels good most of the time, but she has frequent problems with constipation. Which of the following recommendations would help Gerri?

A) "Stop taking any medications that list constipation as a side effect."
B) "Increase the amount of fiber in your diet."
C) "Reduce your daily fluid intake."
D) "Reduce your level of activity when constipation occurs."
E) "Use an enema once or twice a week."

69) Larry is a 47-year-old patient who reports several episodes of diarrhea. While taking his history, you discover that his favorite foods are sushi, beef, cabbage, broccoli, and new potatoes. He exercises four times a week at a local gym, when diarrhea does not prevent it. What would you review with him to try to prevent diarrhea in the future?

A) activity level
B) fluid intake patterns
C) food handling practices
D) duration of his symptoms
E) personal cleanliness

70) Mr. Beall is an elderly patient who has severe arthritis in both hands. When you ask how he manages the pain, he tells you about taking what seems like a large dose of acetaminophen. You will respond by

A) asking if it relieved his symptoms.
B) explaining that too much acetaminophen could damage his liver.
C) telling him that it is a very safe drug and may be used liberally.
D) telling him he should not take acetaminophen.
E) suggesting that ibuprofen might work better.

71) Which layer of the wall of the alimentary canal contracts to move materials through the canal?

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) muscular layer
D) serosa
E) peritoneum

72) The __________, which is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal wall, absorbs nutrients.

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) muscular layer
D) serosa
E) peritoneum

73) Which of the following layers of the alimentary canal wall has blood vessels that carry nutrients away?

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) muscular layer
D) serosa
E) peritoneum

74) Also known as the visceral peritoneum, the __________ of the alimentary canal wall secretes serous fluid to keep other organs from sticking to the structures of the alimentary canal.

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) muscular layer
D) serosa
E) alimentary layer

75) Which layer of the alimentary canal wall secretes mucus and enzymes?

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) muscular
D) serosa
E) peritoneum

76) Which organ of the digestive system begins the chemical breakdown of foods?

A) mouth
B) pharynx
C) esophagus
D) stomach
E) gallbladder

77) Which organ of the digestive system connects the mouth and the esophagus?

A) larynx
B) pharynx
C) epiglottis
D) hiatus
E) palate

78) The proximal portion of the __________ absorbs water and electrolytes.

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) large intestine
E) rectum

79) The __________ is the main site of nutrient absorption.

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) large intestine
E) rectum

80) Which of the following uses peristalsis to push food to the stomach?

A) mouth
B) pharynx
C) esophagus
D) larynx
E) trachea

81) Food is mixed with bile and pancreatic juices in which of the following?

A) Stomach
B) small intestine
C) large intestine
D) rectum
E) liver

82) Which of the following organs of the digestive system secretes acid and enzymes?

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) large intestine
E) rectum

83) Which cells of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid and the intrinsic factor?

A) acinar cells
B) mucous cells
C) chief cells
D) parietal cells
E) serous cells

84) The __________ of the stomach secrete pepsinogen.

A) mucous cells
B) chief cells
C) acinar cells
D) parietal cells
E) serous cells

85) The cells that protect the lining of the stomach are the __________.

A) mucous cells
B) chief cells
C) parietal cells
D) acinar cells
E) serous cells

86) Which statement describes the jejunum?

A) It is directly attached to the large intestine.
B) It forms the majority of the small intestine.
C) It is the beginning of the small intestine.
D) It is C-shaped and short.
E) It passes food on to the duodenum.

87) Which statement describes the ileum of the small intestine?

A) It is directly attached to the large intestine.
B) It forms the majority of the small intestine.
C) It is C-shaped and short.
D) It is the middle portion of the small intestine.
E) It is at the beginning of the small intestine.

88) Which of these enzymes digests proteins in the small intestine?

A) intestinal lipase
B) sucrase
C) nuclease
D) lactase
E) peptidase

89) Which of these enzymes digest sugars in the small intestine?

A) intestinal lipase and amylase
B) sucrase, maltase, and lactase
C) nuclease and amylase
D) peptidase and nuclease
E) amylase and lactase

90) Which of the following enzymes digests fats in the small intestine?

A) intestinal lipase
B) sucrase
C) nuclease
D) peptidase
E) maltase

91) Which pancreatic enzyme digests protein?

A) nuclease
B) pancreatic lipase
C) pancreatic amylase
D) maltase
E) trypsin

92) The pancreatic enzyme that digests carbohydrates is __________.

A) nuclease
B) pancreatic lipase
C) pancreatic amylase
D) trypsin
E) maltase

93) Which pancreatic enzyme digests lipids, or fats?

A) nuclease
B) pancreatic lipase
C) pancreatic amylase
D) trypsin
E) maltase

94) Which of these vitamins is a fat-soluble vitamin?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin B1
D) vitamin B6
E) vitamin B12

95) Which of these vitamins is water-soluble?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin K
E) vitamin E

96) Which vitamin is essential for blood to clot?

A) vitamin D
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin K
D) niacin
E) biotin

97) Which vitamin is essential for normal growth of bones and teeth, and the production of visual receptors?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B₆
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E
E) vitamin K

98) The vitamin needed for production of collagen and absorption of iron is __________.

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B6
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E
E) vitamin C

99) Which vitamin is needed for production of DNA and red blood cells?

A) niacin
B) vitamin B6
C) folic acid
D) vitamin C
E) cyanocobalamin

100) Which vitamin is an antioxidant that prevents the breakdown of certain tissues?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B₆
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E
E) vitamin K

101) Which of the following vitamins is needed for protein synthesis?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B6
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E
E) vitamin K

102) Which vitamin is needed for metabolism of fats?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B6
C) niacin
D) folic acid
E) vitamin K

103) The vitamin needed for absorption of calcium is __________.

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B6
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D
E) vitamin K

104) In which condition are stomach acids pushed into the esophagus?

A) Crohn's disease
B) diverticulitis
C) GERD
D) gastritis
E) colitis

105) In which of these conditions does the stomach lining become inflamed?

A) Crohn's disease
B) diverticulitis
C) GERD
D) gastritis
E) cholelithiasis

106) __________ is a chronic liver disease in which normal tissue is replaced with scar tissue.

A) Hepatitis
B) Crohn's disease
C) Diverticulitis
D) GERD
E) Cirrhosis

107) Which of the following causes the stomach to rise up through the diaphragm?

A) Crohn's disease
B) diverticulitis
C) hiatal hernia
D) stomach ulcer
E) inguinal hernia

108) Which of these is an autoimmune disease?

A) Crohn's disease
B) diverticulitis
C) gastritis
D) hepatitis
E) GERD

109) __________ is a condition caused when abnormal dilations or pouches in the intestinal wall become inflamed. Treatments include following a high-fiber diet, taking antibiotics, and keeping a food diary to track foods that cause flare-ups.

A) Crohn's disease
B) Diverticulitis
C) Gastritis
D) Hemorrhoid
E) Cholelithiasis

110) Inflammation of the liver is __________.

A) diverticulitis
B) gastritis
C) hepatitis
D) cirrhosis
E) diverticulosis

111) Which of these results from the breakdown of the lining of the stomach?

A) Crohn's disease
B) gastritis
C) hiatal hernia
D) stomach ulcer
E) colitis

112) The condition in which distended veins in the rectum or anus become irritated is __________.

A) hemorrhoids
B) diverticulitis
C) gastritis
D) hiatal hernia
E) colitis