The Endocrine System Test Questions & Answers Chapter.33

Student name:__________

1) The outermost portion of the adrenal gland is the adrenal __________.

2) The central portion of the adrenal gland is the adrenal __________.

3) Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by activating __________, which use excess blood calcium to build new bone tissue.

4) Letter F on the figure indicates the __________.

5) Letter E on the figure indicates the __________.

6) The gland at letter B on the figure is the __________.

7) The __________ is shown at letter A on the figure.

8) The __________ is shown at letter K on the figure.

9) Letter J on the figure identifies the __________.

10) Letter I on the figure identifies the __________.

11) Letter D on the figure indicates the __________.

12) Letter G on the figure shows the __________.

13) __________ disease is a condition in which the adrenal glands fail to produce enough corticosteroids.

14) The __________ hormone (ADH) stimulates the kidneys to conserve water by decreasing urine output and assists in the maintenance of blood pressure.

15) The __________ hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones.

16) Diabetes __________ is a condition in which the kidneys fail to reabsorb water, causing excessive urination. Its primary cause is the hyposecretion of ADH.

17) A common sign of Graves' disease includes __________, or protrusion of the eyes.

18) Hormone levels are controlled by a mechanism known as a(n) __________, which can be either negative or positive.

19) The hormone that increases glucose concentrations in the bloodstream and slows down protein synthesis is __________.

20) Nonsteroidal hormones bind to receptors on the surface of the cell and activate a(n) __________ that causes enzymes inside the cell to be turned on.

21) A(n) __________ is a chemical secreted by a cell that affects the functions of other cells.

22) Structures in the pancreas, known as __________ of Langerhans, secrete the hormones glucagon and insulin into the bloodstream.

23) __________-stimulating hormone (MSH) stimulates synthesis of melanin and its disbursement to the skin cells of the epidermis.

24) A severe type of hypothyroidism that is most common in females over age 50 is __________.

25) Hormones made of amino acids or proteins that bind to receptors on the surface of the cell are __________ hormones.

26) The four small glands embedded into the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are the __________ glands.

27) The __________ gland is a small gland located between the cerebral hemispheres that secretes a hormone called melatonin.

28) The hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is __________, sometimes called the lactogenic hormone.

29) The __________ stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormones.

30) The hormones __________ and thymopoietin promote the production of T lymphocytes.

31) The gland that lies between the lungs and secretes the hormones thymosin and thymopoietin is the __________.

32) The __________ is located in the diencephalon of the brain and produces the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

33) The __________ gland, also known as the hypophysis, is located at the base of the brain and is controlled by the hypothalamus.

34) Any stimulus that produces stress is called a(n) __________.

35) The body's physiologic response to stress consists of a group of reactions called the general __________, which is primarily caused by the release of hormones.

36) Prolonged stress causes the release of the hormone __________.

37) Which of the following is considered a physical reaction to a stressor?

A) decreased blood sugar
B) decreased blood pressure
C) increased heart rate
D) increased urinary output
E) decreased breathing rate

38) Prolonged stress inhibits the body’s immune responses by __________.

A) using up all body reserves
B) increasing the release of cortisol
C) causing sodium and water retention
D) causing weight loss
E) increasing protein synthesis

39) Which of these assessments would help to identify an endocrine problem in a child?

A) tracking the child's development on a standard growth chart
B) vision testing as early as possible
C) evaluating the child's balance and gait as soon as he or she begins to walk
D) evaluating the child's joint mobility
E) evaluating the child's speech patterns

40) Chessie will have surgery next week to have her pituitary gland removed. She asks what effects this might have on her overall health. Which of the following conditions could she experience after this type of surgery?

A) hyperthyroidism
B) hyperadrenalism
C) hypothyroidism
D) disturbed circadian rhythms
E) diabetes

41) Which of the following hormone categories requires G-protein to activate enzymes inside a cell?

A) steroidal
B) nonsteroidal
C) prostaglandins
D) gonadal
E) adrenal

42) Which type of hormone can cross a cell membrane easily?

A) steroidal
B) nonsteroidal
C) prostaglandins
D) gonadal
E) adrenal

43) Which hormones are made of amino acids and do not cross cell membranes easily?

A) steroidal
B) nonsteroidal
C) prostaglandins
D) gonadal
E) adrenal

44) Which of the following local hormones is produced by many body organs, is derived from lipid molecules, and does not need to travel in the bloodstream to find their target cells?

A) Steroidal
B) Nonsteroidal
C) Prostaglandins
D) Gonadal
E) Adrenal

45) The __________ hormones turn genes on or off in the nucleus.

A) steroidal
B) nonsteroidal
C) prostaglandins
D) gonadal
E) adrenal

46) Which gland or organ secretes epinephrine and aldosterone?

A) thyroid
B) parathyroid
C) adrenal
D) pancreas
E) thymus

47) The __________ gland secretes the hormone calcitonin.

A) thyroid
B) parathyroid
C) adrenal
D) pancreas
E) thymus

48) Which gland or organ secretes growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A) anterior pituitary
B) parathyroid
C) posterior pituitary
D) adrenal
E) thymus

49) Which gland or organ has cells that release glucagon?

A) thyroid
B) parathyroid
C) adrenal
D) pancreas
E) hypothalamus

50) Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are released by the __________.

A) anterior pituitary gland
B) parathyroid gland
C) posterior pituitary gland
D) adrenal gland
E) pineal body

51) Which gland or organ releases luteinizing hormone?

A) anterior pituitary
B) parathyroid
C) posterior pituitary
D) adrenal
E) gonads

52) The __________ gland releases PTH.

A) anterior pituitary
B) parathyroid
C) posterior pituitary
D) adrenal
E) thyroid

53) Which hormone stimulates the contraction of the prostate and vas deferens during male sexual arousal?

A) aldosterone
B) FSH
C) calcitonin
D) TSH
E) oxytocin

54) Which of these hormones decreases blood sugar?

A) aldosterone
B) insulin
C) cortisol
D) glucagon
E) estrogen

55) Which hormone increases blood sugar?

A) aldosterone
B) thyroid hormones
C) cortisol
D) glucagon
E) insulin

56) Which hormone stimulates the body to retain sodium and water and is important for maintaining blood pressure?

A) aldosterone
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) cortisol
D) calcitonin
E) epinephrine

57) Which hormone increases energy production by cells, stimulates protein synthesis, and speeds up the repair of damaged tissues?

A) aldosterone
B) thyroid hormones
C) cortisol
D) TSH
E) FSH

58) The hormone __________ lowers blood calcium by activating osteoblasts, which use excess blood calcium to build new bone tissue.

A) cortisol
B) glucagon
C) calcitonin
D) oxytocin
E) melatonin

59) The hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to release hormones is __________.

A) cortisol
B) calcitonin
C) oxytocin
D) ACTH
E) TSH

60) Which of the following hormones decreases protein synthesis and triggers a decrease in inflammation?

A) aldosterone
B) thyroid hormones
C) cortisol
D) glucagon
E) calcitonin

61) The __________ secretes a hormone called erythropoietin, which stimulates blood cell production.

A) pineal body
B) heart
C) kidney
D) thymus
E) pancreas

62) The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is released by which organ?

A) stomach
B) small intestine
C) kidneys
D) heart
E) liver

63) Which of the following releases melatonin, which regulates a person's biological clock?

A) pineal body
B) ovaries
C) testes
D) stomach
E) kidneys

64) The __________ releases thymosin, which promotes the production of T cells.

A) pineal body
B) small intestine
C) kidneys
D) thyroid
E) thymus

65) Which of the following stimulates red blood cell production?

A) thymosin
B) melatonin
C) erythropoietin
D) atrial natriuretic peptide
E) calcitonin

66) __________ regulates circadian rhythms.

A) Thymosin
B) Melatonin
C) Erythropoietin
D) Atrial natriuretic peptide
E) Cortisol

67) Which hormone, released by the heart, works with ADH from the adrenal cortex to help regulate blood pressure?

A) thymosin
B) melatonin
C) erythropoietin
D) atrial natriuretic peptide
E) ACTH

68) The hormone that stimulates production of T lymphocytes is __________.

A) thymosin
B) melatonin
C) erythropoietin
D) atrial natriuretic peptide
E) ACTH

69) When the thyroid gland does not produce adequate amounts of thyroid hormones, a condition called __________ may result.

A) dwarfism
B) gigantism
C) Graves' disease
D) myxedema
E) Addison's disease

70) Which of the following is the result of excess growth hormone in children?

A) Acromegaly
B) Cretinism
C) Dwarfism
D) Gigantism
E) Goiter

71) A high glucose level due to the inadequate secretion of insulin is __________.

A) acromegaly
B) cretinism
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) diabetes mellitus
E) diabetes insipidus

72) Which of the following is the result of an excess in growth hormone in adults?

A) acromegaly
B) cretinism
C) dwarfism
D) gigantism
E) goiter

73) __________ is due to congenital hypothyroidism.

A) Acromegaly
B) Cretinism
C) Dwarfism
D) Gigantism
E) Goiter

74) In which of the following conditions is too much cortisol produced?

A) acromegaly
B) cretinism
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) diabetes mellitus
E) Addison's disease

75) __________ is a condition in which too little growth hormone is produced in childhood.

A) Acromegaly
B) Cretinism
C) Dwarfism
D) Gigantism
E) Graves' disease

76) When a person develops antibodies that attack the thyroid gland, causing the thyroid to produce too many thyroid hormones, that person has __________.

A) dwarfism
B) gigantism
C) Graves' disease
D) myxedema
E) Addison's disease

77) Clara Simmons, a 62-year-old patient, has come to the medical office with a complaint of weight gain and puffy hands and feet. "This isn't like me," she says. "I exercise regularly and watch my diet." When you check her vital signs, you find that her blood pressure is 84/50, hear heart rate is 56, and her respirations are 12. For which of the following disorders might you expect the provider to test?

A) Graves' disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) myxedema
D) diabetes mellitus
E) diabetes insipidus

78) Richard is a 36-year-old patient who is complaining of insomnia and weight loss. He tells you his heart often races. Richard's current weight is 126, and in his chart you notice that at his last visit 3 months ago, his weight was 142. He seems anxious while you are conducting the interview. For which of the following disorders might you expect the provider to test?

A) Graves' disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) myxedema
D) acromegaly
E) Addison's disease

79) Mr. Harrison came to the office last week because he was confused and concerned by recent physical developments. His hands and feet seem to be getting bigger, and he is developing gaps between his teeth. He is here today for a follow-up visit, and the provider informs him that he has a pituitary tumor that needs to be removed. Mr. Harrison's symptoms are typical of which of the following disorders?

A) Graves' disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) myxedema
D) Addison's disease
E) acromegaly

80) A person with __________ will have thin skin, high glucose levels, thin extremities, and a large abdomen.

A) Graves' disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) myxedema
D) acromegaly
E) dwarfism