Verified Test Bank Emotional Disorders In Adulthood Ch13

Chapter 13

Emotional Disorders in Adulthood

1. _____________ was/were recognized in 2004 by the World Health Organization as making the largest contribution to the burden of disease in middle- and high-income countries and it is/they are the leading cause of years lost due to a disability worldwide.

a. Depression

b. Anxiety-related disorders

c. Bipolar disorder

d. Impulse-control disorders

Source: Page 340.

2. American women are more likely than American men to be afflicted by a(n) ________________.

a. emotional disorder of any type.

b. depressive disorder

c. alcohol or drug disorder

d. all of the above.

Source: Page 339.

3. The category of anxiety disorders includes all but which one of the following?

a. obsessions and compulsions

b. post-traumatic stress disorder

c. panic attacks

d. acute episodic stress

Source: Page 342.

4. Brewin, Dalgleish and Joseph (1996) have concluded that the chaotic nature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be explained in terms of two memory systems. Specifically Brewin and colleagues suggest that PTSD results when:

a. long-term memory overrides working memory.

b. there is a conflict between verbal memory and a second memory system that is automatically and involuntarily triggered by aspects of situations.

c. there is a conflict between episodic and declarative memories.

d. visual and auditory memories are in conflict.

Source: Page 343.

5. According to Kendler and colleagues (2003), which one of the following kinds of adversity is likely to cause a depressive or anxiety breakdown?

a. change.

b. entrapment.

c. loneliness.

d. all of the above.

Source: Page 348, Table 13.2.

6. Disner et al. (2011) proposed a neurobiological theory of depression based on a presumed role that the amygdala plays in relation to memory. Specifically, they have argued that the amygdala:

a. is larger in people who are depressed therefore threat-cues are more likely to be incorporated into stored memories.

b. becomes hyperactivated in depression, thereby causing connected areas like the hippocampus to become more activated and thus more likely to recall negative events.

c. is smaller in people who are depressed therefore reward-cues are less likely to be incorporated into stored memories.

d. becomes inhibited in depression, thereby causing connected areas like the hippocampus to become less activated and thus less likely to recall memories of any sort.

Source: Page 358-359.

7. The main treatment for depression is drugs, of which the principal kinds are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The drugs function by ____________________________. Irving Kirsch’s (2009) meta-analysis of SSRI drug trials suggests that, compared with placebos, SSRIs have ________________ effect on depression.

a. boosting the amount of serotonin that is released by neurons; a moderate to large

b. boosting the amount of serotonin that is released by neurons; a small

c. reducing the reabsorption of serotonin so that it remains in synapses for longer; a moderate to large

d. reducing the reabsorption of serotonin so that it remains in synapses for longer; a small

Source: Page 359.

8. Chronic psychiatric and/or physical symptoms would be predicted in which of the following situations?

a. A severe adverse event is encountered and an alternative role is not available.

b. A severe adverse event is encountered and an alternative role is not available. A new role is constructed gradually over time.

c. A severe adverse event is encountered and an alternative role is not available. A new role fails to be constructed.

d. All of the above.

Source: Page 351, Figure 13.4.

9. Depression at the case level would be predicted in which of the following situations?

a. A severe adverse event is encountered.

b. A severe adverse event is encountered and an alternative role is not available.

c. A severe adverse event is encountered and an alternative role is not available. A new role fails to be constructed.

d. All of the above.

Source: Page 351, Figure 13.4..

10. Gruber and Keltner (2007) have shown that we can think of disorders as excesses of emotions. According to this perspective, an excess of disgust yields which of the following disorders?

a. depression.

b. self-medication of anxiety by alcohol and drugs.

c. anorexia.

d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Source: Page 352, Table 13.4

11. Relationships affect whether people develop major depression in response to adversities. The general term for relationships that can protect people from disorder is social support. Typical measures of social support include all but which one of the following?

a. number of friends and acquaintances

b. lack of interpersonal friction

c. accessibility of practical assistance

d. intimacy

Source: Page 353.

12. Early experience affects people’s susceptibility to emotional disorders in childhood. Brown and Harris (1978) reported that a person who loses a mother in childhood is more likely than a person who has not lost his or her mother to develop depression. The most likely interpretation of this finding according to the textbook is that the _______________ leaves individuals vulnerable to developing depression.

a. loss of one’s primary attachment relationship

b. lack of parental care following the loss of one’s mother

c. familial upheaval and stress that ensues following the loss

d. loss creates a fear of abandonment, an emotional complex that

Source: Page 354.

13. Dermott, Dobson, and Jones (2010) found, in a longitudinal study, that within a year of an episode of depression coming to an end, women were more likely to relapse into another episode of depression if they had:

a. an emotion-oriented coping style

b. moderate social support from friends.

c. an avoidant coping style

d. all of the above.

Source: Pages 355.

14. The kindling mechanism is the mechanism by which people:

a. become progressively more vulnerable to depression with each episode.

b. over-emphasize negative features of their environment.

c. come to behave narcissistically.

d. construct relationships in adulthood that are founded on primary childhood attachment relationships.

Source: Page 355.

15. In developing societies measures of health and well-being relate to:

a. national average income.

b. level of education.

c. income inequality.

d. both a & b.

Source: Page 345.

16. Mania is a disorder that consists of which of the following:

a. great happiness

b. shame

c. inflated self-esteem

d. both a and c

Source: Page 341

17. For someone who values social relationships, _____________ can cause depression, whereas for someone who values autonomy and work were most important, ___________ can cause depression.

a. loneliness; shame

b. loss of a role; failure in achievement

c. loneliness; guilt

d. failure in achievement; loss of a role

Source: page 348

18. According to Plomin et al. (2016), which of the following is NOT one of the top ten replicated findings in behavioral genetics?

a. No traits are 100% heritable

b. Age-to-age stability is mainly due to genetics

c. Heritability is typically caused by one gene of large effect

d. All psychological traits show substantial genetic influence

Source: Page 350

19. Nolen-Hoeksema and colleagues (1994) found that the mood of people with a _______________

was no lower than that of others a month after the death of a close relative; however, six months after the event their mood was still low, whereas that of ______________ had started to lift.

1. ruminative style; non-ruminators
2. non-ruminative style; ruminators
3. dismissive style; secure individuals
4. secure attachment; insecure individuals

Source: Page 357

20. The proportion of people who can be diagnosed as psychopaths is less than ______%

a. 1

b. 2

c. 7

d. 8

Source: Page 360