Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves Exam Prep Chapter 12 - Seeley’s Anatomy and Physiology 12e Complete Test Bank by Cinnamon VanPutte. DOCX document preview.
Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology, 12e (VanPutte)
Chapter 12 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
1) There are ________ enlargements of the spinal cord where nerves supplying the extremities enter and leave.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
E) six
2) The spinal cord
A) controls the reticular activating system.
B) stores reflexive memory.
C) forms memory engrams.
D) links the peripheral nervous system to the brain.
E) is characterized by conscious activity.
3) The spinal cord begins at the ________.
A) cerebellum
B) medulla oblongata
C) foramen magnum
D) conus medullaris
E) 1st cervical vertebrae
4) The conus medullaris
A) anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx.
B) is a tapered, cone like region immediately inferior to the lumbar enlargement.
C) marks the exit of nerves to the upper extremity.
D) is located adjacent to the foramen magnum.
E) is inferior to the cauda equina.
5) The spinal cord ends at the ________.
A) sacrum
B) coccyx
C) 5th lumbar vertebrae
D) 2nd lumbar vertebrae
6) The thickest of the meninges is the ________.
A) pia mater
B) arachnoid mater
C) subdural space
D) subarachnoid space
E) dura mater
7) The sac surrounding the spinal cord is the ________.
A) dural sac
B) meningeal sac
C) thecal sac
D) epidural sac
8) The middle, thin, spider-like meninx is the ________.
A) dura mater
B) pia mater
C) ecto mater
D) arachnoid mater
9) What space, found between the vertebral wall and the dura mater, is the area for injecting anesthesia for childbirth?
A) Subarachnoid space
B) Subdural space
C) Epidural space
D) Epipial space
10) During a spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid is obtained from which of the following locations?
A) Dural sinus
B) Epidural space
C) Subarachnoid space
D) Subdural space
E) Sagittal sinus
11) Which structure anchors the thecal sac and conus medullaris to the coccyx?
A) Filum terminale
B) Denticulate ligaments
C) Pia mater
D) Cauda equina
12) Where is cerebrospinal fluid found around the spinal cord?
A) Subdural space
B) Epidural space
C) Thecal sac
D) Subarachnoid space
13) Which of the following statements concerning structures of the spinal cord is false?
A) The dorsal root of the spinal cord conveys sensory (afferent) nerve impulses to the spinal cord.
B) The posterior horn of the cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons.
C) The ventral root is formed by the axons of neurons in the lateral and anterior horns.
D) The dorsal and ventral roots unite to form spinal nerves.
E) The ventral root of the spinal cord conveys motor (efferent) nerve impulses away from the spinal cord.
14) The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains ________.
A) only sensory fibers
B) only motor fibers
C) only afferent fibers
D) both sensory and motor fibers
E) a ganglion
15) The sensory root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as ________ root.
A) anterior
B) dorsal
C) efferent
D) ventral
E) lateral
16) The motor root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as the ________ root.
A) afferent
B) dorsal
C) posterior
D) ventral
E) sensory
17) The cross-sectional view of the spinal cord reveals white matter on the
A) inside, gray matter on the outside, and a dorsal motor root.
B) outside, gray matter on the inside, and a ventral motor root.
C) inside, gray matter on the outside, and a dorsal sensory root.
D) outside, gray matter on the inside, and a ventral sensory root.
18) In the spinal cord, white matter is organized into
A) horns and the gray matter into columns.
B) horns and the gray matter into roots.
C) columns and the gray matter into horns.
D) columns and the gray matter into tracts.
19) Which structure makes the dorsal root different from the ventral root?
A) The dorsal root has a ganglion.
B) The dorsal root has a tract.
C) The dorsal root has a nucleus.
D) The dorsal root appears the same as the ventral root.
20) What is found in the dorsal root ganglion?
A) The cell bodies of multipolar motor neurons
B) The cell bodies of pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons
C) The cell bodies of multipolar interneurons
D) The cell bodies of bipolar sensory neurons
21) What is found in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord?
A) The cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
B) The cell bodies of sensory neurons
C) The cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
D) The cell bodies of somatic sensory neurons
22) Structurally, the simplest reflex is the ________.
A) stretch reflex
B) Golgi tendon reflex
C) reciprocal reflex
D) alternating reflex
E) withdrawal reflex
23) Reflex arcs
A) are capable of receiving a stimulus and yielding a response.
B) are the basic structural units of the nervous system.
C) occur primarily in the cerebral cortex of the brain.
D) involve inhibitory neurons.
E) do not involve the spinal cord.
24) Which portion of a reflex arc is most likely to be located entirely within the central nervous system?
A) Sensory neuron
B) Motor neuron
C) Effector
D) Interneuron
E) Sensory receptor
25) Reflexes
A) are homeostatic.
B) are not homeostatic.
C) are voluntary conscious responses to a stimulus.
D) are integrated in the spinal cord, but not the brain.
E) are integrated in the brain, but not the spinal cord.
26) Reflexes function in
A) removing the body from painful stimuli.
B) keeping the body from falling.
C) maintaining blood pressure.
D) maintaining blood CO2 levels.
E) All of the choices are correct.
27) Place the following parts of a reflex arc in the correct order beginning with the sensory receptor.
(1) Motor neuron
(2) Interneuron
(3) Effector
(4) Sensory neuron
(5) Sensory receptor
A) 5, 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1
C) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
D) 5, 2, 3, 4, 1
E) 5, 4, 2, 1, 3
28) The sensory receptor of the stretch reflex is the ________.
A) Golgi tendon organ
B) muscle spindle
C) dorsal root ganglion
D) collateral axon
E) alpha motor neurons
29) Stretch reflexes
A) are learned voluntary responses.
B) aid in maintaining proper posture.
C) prevent muscles from being damaged by excessive tension.
D) cause the removal of limbs from painful stimuli.
E) prevent falling.
30) Which of the following events in a stretch reflex occurs last?
A) Alpha motor neurons transmit action potentials to muscle causing contraction.
B) Muscle spindle detects stretch of muscle.
C) Afferent neurons conduct action potentials to the spinal cord.
D) Afferent neurons synapse with alpha motor neurons.
E) Muscle is stretched.
31) Muscle spindles
A) are innervated by gamma motor neurons.
B) originate in the spinal cord.
C) are specialized nerve cells.
D) are found encapsulated in nerve endings.
E) are innervated by alpha motor neurons.
32) Muscles and glands that are capable of producing a response when stimulated by motor neurons are called ________.
A) aponeuroses
B) effectors
C) neuromodulators
D) receptors
E) sensory organs
33) The knee-jerk reflex involves which of the following?
A) Sensory and motor neurons
B) Sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron
C) Sensory neuron, motor neuron, and inhibitory interneurons
D) Sensory neuron and interneuron
E) The brain
34) Gamma motor neurons
A) are located in tendons.
B) transmit action potentials to skeletal muscle.
C) regulate the sensitivity of the muscle spindle.
D) enable the brain to perceive that a muscle has been stretched.
E) innervate the whole muscle.
35) The muscles of the back contract to straighten so that you sit at a more erect posture and subsequently the muscles are suddenly stretched as you nod off. Which of the following best represents the sequence of events when you start to nod off?
(1) Muscles of the back are stretched.
(2) The muscle spindle is stretched.
(3) Action potentials in sensory neurons of the muscle spindles increase.
(4) Action potentials in alpha motor neurons of skeletal muscle fibers increase.
(5) Skeletal muscle of the back contract.
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 5, 2, 3, 4
C) 1, 5, 3, 2, 4
D) 5, 2, 3, 4, 1
E) 4, 5, 3, 2, 1
36) Doctor Johansson wants to test a patient's reflexes by briskly striking the patellar tendon with a reflex hammer. Which reflex is Dr. Johansson testing?
A) Golgi tendon reflex
B) Withdrawal reflex
C) Knee-jerk reflex
D) Crossed extensor reflex
E) Reciprocal innervation
37) The reflex that prevents excessive tension in a muscle is the ________ reflex.
A) stretch
B) withdrawal
C) Golgi tendon
D) reciprocal
E) crossed extensor
38) Sam is curling very heavy weights and suddenly drops them. Which reflex forced this action by Sam to prevent tendon damage?
A) Muscle spindle reflex
B) Golgi tendon reflex
C) Gamma motor reflex
D) Withdrawal reflex
E) Alpha motor neuron reflex
39) Stimulation of the Golgi tendon organs result in which of the following changes in the reflex arc?
A) Stimulation of a stimulatory interneuron
B) Stimulation of an inhibitory neuron
C) Decreased action potentials in alpha motor neurons
D) Contraction of skeletal muscle fibers
E) Both "stimulation of an inhibitory neuron" and "decreased action potentials in alpha motor neurons" are correct.
40) A reflex that protects limbs by removing them from painful stimuli is the ________ reflex.
A) stretch
B) crossed extensor
C) Golgi tendon
D) alternating
E) withdrawal
41) Reciprocal innervation
A) is associated with the Golgi tendon reflex.
B) stimulates antagonistic muscles.
C) results in reduced resistance to the reflex.
D) reinforces the withdrawal reflex.
E) inhibits the stretch reflex.
42) Initiating the withdrawal reflex in both legs at the same time would cause one to
A) maintain posture longer.
B) fall.
C) decrease muscle tension.
D) develop resistance in one limb and reduce resistance in the other.
E) hop.
43) Because the stretch reflexes can be traced back along certain spinal nerve routes,
A) they are not used in diagnosis of brain potential brain damage.
B) they are only useful for diagnosis if there has been damage to the spinal cord.
C) they are helpful when determining at what level of the spinal cord damage may have occurred.
D) they are only helpful when diagnosing problems in the extremities.
E) they are only helpful if the patient is conscious.
44) The adaptive significance of the crossed extensor reflex when a person steps on a tack is to
A) remove the foot from the tack.
B) increase the rate at which withdrawal of the limb occurs.
C) slow the rate of removal of the foot from the tack.
D) reduce the pain sensations.
E) prevent the person from falling down.
45) The endoneurium
A) surrounds nerve cell bodies.
B) surrounds individual axons and their Schwann cells.
C) bundles axons into fascicles.
D) bundles fascicles into nerves.
E) surrounds nerve tracts in the spinal cord.
46) The epineurium
A) surrounds nerve cell bodies.
B) surrounds individual axons and their Schwann cells.
C) bundles axons into fascicles.
D) bundles fascicles into nerves.
E) bundles fascicles into axons.
47) The perineurium
A) surrounds nerve cell bodies.
B) surrounds individual axons and their Schwann cells.
C) bundles axons into fascicles.
D) bundles fascicles into nerves.
E) bundles fascicles into axons.
48) Which of the following statements concerning the structure of spinal nerves is true?
A) The ventral root contains motor or efferent fibers.
B) The ventral root has a prominent root ganglion.
C) Rootlets from the surface of the spinal cord form the dorsal and ventral rami.
D) Each spinal nerve is formed by the union of a cranial nerve and a spinal nerve.
E) Spinal nerves do not have specific cutaneous distributions.
49) Which of the following combinations indicates the correct distribution of spinal nerve pairs?
A) 7 cervical - 12 thoracic - 6 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal
B) 7 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 6 sacral - 1 coccygeal
C) 8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 6 lumbar - 4 sacral - 1 coccygeal
D) 8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal
E) 7 cervical - 13 thoracic - 6 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal
50) A collapsed intervertebral foramen could affect all of the following spinal nerves EXCEPT ________.
A) C2-C8
B) T1-T12
C) L1-L5
D) C1
51) There are ________ cervical spinal nerves.
A) eight
B) twelve
C) six
D) five
E) fourteen
52) A man was in an accident during which his spinal cord was severed between C6 and C7. Which of the following would NOT be a consequence of this injury?
A) Loss of sensation in the trunk below the shoulders, the lower limbs, and portions of the arms
B) Loss of use of the phrenic nerves and paralysis of the diaphragm
C) Loss of movement in the lower limbs
D) Loss of the use of the intercostals nerves, and breathing would be affected because the intercostals muscles would be paralyzed
E) Loss of touch sensation on the lower lumbar region.
53) Damage to which of these nerves would be most life-threatening?
A) Median nerves
B) Phrenic nerves
C) Lumbar nerves
D) Sciatic nerves
E) Radial nerves
54) The brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following?
A) The diaphragm
B) Intercostal muscles
C) Muscles of the arm and forearm
D) Muscles of the lower limb
E) Abdominal muscles
55) Dermatomal maps are important clinically because they
A) can be used to check for motor function.
B) locate the position of cranial nerves.
C) can be used to help locate nerve damage.
D) indicate what muscles are innervated by each spinal nerve.
E) can be used to detect cranial nerve damage.
56) The cutaneous sensory distribution of a spinal nerve can be mapped as a ________.
A) dermatome
B) plexitome
C) microtome
D) myotome
E) superdome
57) Ventral rami of some spinal nerves join with each other to form a ________.
A) ganglion
B) dermatome
C) cord
D) plexus
E) nerve
58) If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, the regions innervated by that spinal nerve would experience complete loss of ________.
A) sensation
B) movement
C) sensation and movement
D) pain
E) None of the choices are correct.
59) The branch of a spinal nerve that innervates deep muscles on the dorsal thorax is the ________.
A) ramus communicans
B) lateral ramus
C) dorsal ramus
D) ventral ramus
E) medial ramus
60) Intercostal nerves are formed from the
A) thoracic plexus.
B) ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves.
C) dorsal rami of thoracic spinal nerves.
D) rami communicans of the thoracic spinal nerves.
E) cervical plexus.
61) Which of the following nerves is a branch of both the cervical plexus and the brachial plexus?
A) Axillary
B) Femoral
C) Phrenic
D) Sciatic
E) Splanchnic
62) Damage to the phrenic nerve would result in
A) the loss of motor activity in the arms.
B) an increased heart rate.
C) an inability to swallow.
D) difficulty breathing.
E) a decreased heart rate.
63) Spinal nerves C5-T1 make up the ________ plexus.
A) sacral
B) lumbar
C) brachial
D) cervical
E) radial
64) Which of the following nerves is part of the brachial plexus?
A) Peroneal
B) Ansa cervicalis
C) Sciatic
D) Musculocutaneous
E) Femoral
65) Improper use of crutches could cause compression of the ________ nerve.
A) axillary
B) radial
C) musculocutaneous
D) ulnar
E) median
66) When a person hits their "funny bone," they cause temporary damage to the ________ nerve.
A) axillary
B) radial
C) musculocutaneous
D) ulnar
E) median
67) An injury to the wrist that results in edema in the carpal tunnel would compress the ________ nerve.
A) axillary
B) radial
C) musculocutaneous
D) ulnar
E) median
68) Using the biceps brachii to flex the forearm requires innervation by the ________ nerve.
A) radial
B) musculocutaneous
C) ulnar
D) median
E) axillary
69) When someone taps you on your shoulder, they stimulate the ________ nerve.
A) axillary
B) brachial
C) radial
D) musculocutaneous
E) ulnar
70) If you pinch your index finger in a door, pain sensations are carried via the ________ nerve.
A) radial
B) median
C) axillary
D) musculocutaneous
E) ulnar
71) Which of the following nerves is associated with the lumbosacral plexus?
A) Phrenic
B) Median
C) Musculocutaneous
D) Ulnar
E) Obturator
72) Spinal nerves exiting the spinal cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________ plexus.
A) lumbar
B) femoral
C) sacral
D) pelvic
E) brachial
73) The sciatic nerve is composed of the
A) femoral nerve and the tibial nerve.
B) tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve.
C) femoral nerve and the obturator nerve.
D) common fibular nerve and the pudendal nerve.
E) superior gluteal and inferior gluteal.
74) Which nerve is involved when a dancer points his/her toes?
A) Tibial
B) Femoral
C) Obturator
D) Pudendal
E) Common fibular (peroneal)
75) The gastrocnemius muscle is most likely to be innervated by the ________ nerve.
A) obturator
B) common fibular (peroneal)
C) tibial
D) femoral
E) median
76) When a person sits on a hard surface for a period of time, his foot or leg may "go to sleep." This sensation is the result of compressing the ________ nerve.
A) femoral
B) sciatic
C) obturator
D) pudendal
E) ulnar
77) Adduction of the thigh involves the ________ nerve.
A) peroneal
B) femoral
C) obturator
D) pudendal
E) tibial
78) If a person fell down the steps and then developed pain down his anterior thigh into the knee, which of the following spinal nerves was probably damaged?
A) Obturator
B) Femoral
C) Tibial
D) Common fibular (peroneal)
E) Pudendal
79) Branches of the ________ nerve are anesthetized before a doctor performs an episiotomy for childbirth.
A) genitofemoral
B) gluteal
C) cutaneous femoral
D) pudendal
E) common fibular (peroneal)
80) Label component "A" of the reflex arc.
A) Sensory receptor
B) Effector organ
C) Sensory neuron
D) Motor neuron
E) Interneuron
81) Label component "B" of the reflex arc.
A) Sensory receptor
B) Effector organ
C) Sensory neuron
D) Motor neuron
E) Interneuron
82) Label component "C" of the reflex arc.
A) Sensory receptor
B) Effector organ
C) Sensory neuron
D) Motor neuron
E) Interneuron
83) Label component "D" of the reflex arc.
A) Sensory receptor
B) Effector organ
C) Sensory neuron
D) Motor neuron
E) Interneuron
84) Label component "E" of the reflex arc.
A) Sensory receptor
B) Effector organ
C) Sensory neuron
D) Motor neuron
E) Interneuron
85) What does "A" represent?
A) Spinal nerves
B) Conus medullaris
C) Cervical enlargement
D) Filium terminale
E) Cauda equina
86) What does "B" represent?
A) Spinal nerves
B) Conus medullaris
C) Cervical enlargement
D) Filium terminale
E) Cauda equina
87) What does "C" represent?
A) Spinal nerves
B) Conus medullaris
C) Cervical enlargement
D) Filium terminale
E) Cauda equina
88) What does "D" represent?
A) Spinal nerves
B) Conus medullaris
C) Cervical enlargement
D) Filium terminale
E) Cauda equina
89) What does "E" represent?
A) Spinal nerves
B) Conus medullaris
C) Cervical enlargement
D) Filium terminale
E) Cauda equina
90) The figure illustrates a cross section of the spinal cord. Which structure is indicated by "A"?
A) Central canal
B) Ventral root
C) Dorsal root ganglion
D) Spinal nerve
E) Dorsal root
91) The figure illustrates a cross section of the spinal cord. Which structure is indicated by "B"?
A) Central canal
B) Ventral root
C) Dorsal root ganglion
D) Spinal nerve
E) Dorsal root
92) The figure illustrates a cross section of the spinal cord. Which structure is indicated by "C"?
A) Central canal
B) Ventral root
C) Dorsal root ganglion
D) Spinal nerve
E) Dorsal root
93) The figure illustrates a cross section of the spinal cord. Which structure is indicated by "D"?
A) Central canal
B) Ventral root
C) Dorsal root ganglion
D) Spinal nerve
E) Dorsal root
94) The figure illustrates a cross section of the spinal cord. Which structure is indicated by "E"?
A) Central canal
B) Ventral root
C) Dorsal root ganglion
D) Spinal nerve
E) Dorsal root
Match the nerve to the correct function.
95) Radial nerve
A) Provides motor innervation to the biceps brachii
B) Innervates two forearm muscles plus most of the intrinsic hand muscles
C) Innervates all but one of the flexor muscles of the forearm and most of the hand muscles near the thumb
D) Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles
E) Innervates the triceps brachii
96) Musculocutaneous nerve
A) Provides motor innervation to the biceps brachii
B) Innervates two forearm muscles plus most of the intrinsic hand muscles
C) Innervates all but one of the flexor muscles of the forearm and most of the hand muscles near the thumb
D) Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles
E) Innervates the triceps brachii
97) Ulnar nerve
A) Provides motor innervation to the biceps brachii
B) Innervates two forearm muscles plus most of the intrinsic hand muscles
C) Innervates all but one of the flexor muscles of the forearm and most of the hand muscles near the thumb
D) Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles
E) Innervates the triceps brachii
98) Median nerve
A) Provides motor innervation to the biceps brachii
B) Innervates two forearm muscles plus most of the intrinsic hand muscles
C) Innervates all but one of the flexor muscles of the forearm and most of the hand muscles near the thumb
D) Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles
E) Innervates the triceps brachii
99) Axillary nerve
A) Provides motor innervation to the biceps brachii
B) Innervates two forearm muscles plus most of the intrinsic hand muscles
C) Innervates all but one of the flexor muscles of the forearm and most of the hand muscles near the thumb
D) Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles
E) Innervates the triceps brachii
Match the disorder with its description.
100) Anesthesia
A) Pain radiating down the back of the thigh and leg
B) Stiffness in the neck and headache
C) Inflammation of a nerve
D) Pain along a nerve tract
E) Loss of sensation
101) Neuritis
A) Pain radiating down the back of the thigh and leg
B) Stiffness in the neck and headache
C) Inflammation of a nerve
D) Pain along a nerve tract
E) Loss of sensation
102) Neuralgia
A) Pain radiating down the back of the thigh and leg
B) Stiffness in the neck and headache
C) Inflammation of a nerve
D) Pain along a nerve tract
E) Loss of sensation
103) Sciatica
A) Pain radiating down the back of the thigh and leg
B) Stiffness in the neck and headache
C) Inflammation of a nerve
D) Pain along a nerve tract
E) Loss of sensation
104) Meningitis
A) Pain radiating down the back of the thigh and leg
B) Stiffness in the neck and headache
C) Inflammation of a nerve
D) Pain along a nerve tract
E) Loss of sensation
Match the nerve or plexus with its appropriate description.
105) Obturator nerve
A) Innervates the iliopsoas, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris
B) Innervates muscles of the pelvic floor
C) Innervates the muscles that adduct the thigh
D) Innervates the anterior and lateral muscles of the leg
E) Branches to form the medial and lateral plantar nerves
106) Femoral nerve
A) Innervates the iliopsoas, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris
B) Innervates muscles of the pelvic floor
C) Innervates the muscles that adduct the thigh
D) Innervates the anterior and lateral muscles of the leg
E) Branches to form the medial and lateral plantar nerves
107) Tibial nerve
A) Innervates the iliopsoas, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris
B) Innervates muscles of the pelvic floor
C) Innervates the muscles that adduct the thigh
D) Innervates the anterior and lateral muscles of the leg
E) Branches to form the medial and lateral plantar nerves
108) Common fibular nerve
A) Innervates the iliopsoas, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris
B) Innervates muscles of the pelvic floor
C) Innervates the muscles that adduct the thigh
D) Innervates the anterior and lateral muscles of the leg
E) Branches to form the medial and lateral plantar nerves
109) Coccygeal plexus
A) Innervates the iliopsoas, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris
B) Innervates muscles of the pelvic floor
C) Innervates the muscles that adduct the thigh
D) Innervates the anterior and lateral muscles of the leg
E) Branches to form the medial and lateral plantar nerves
Match the action with the specific reflex.
110) Removing hand from a hot iron
A) Stretch reflex
B) Golgi tendon reflex
C) Withdrawal reflex
D) Crossed extensor reflex
E) Reciprocal innervation
111) A reflex that helps prevent falls
A) Stretch reflex
B) Golgi tendon reflex
C) Withdrawal reflex
D) Crossed extensor reflex
E) Reciprocal innervation
112) Partially responsible for a weight lifter suddenly dropping a weight that is too heavy
A) Stretch reflex
B) Golgi tendon reflex
C) Withdrawal reflex
D) Crossed extensor reflex
E) Reciprocal innervation
113) Allows for the coordinated contraction and relaxation of opposing muscle groups
A) Stretch reflex
B) Golgi tendon reflex
C) Withdrawal reflex
D) Crossed extensor reflex
E) Reciprocal innervation
114) Knee-jerk reflex
A) Stretch reflex
B) Golgi tendon reflex
C) Withdrawal reflex
D) Crossed extensor reflex
E) Reciprocal innervation
Match the term with its correct definition.
115) Pia mater
A) Functional unit of the nervous system
B) Most superficial and thickest meninx
C) The middle meninx
D) The meninx bound tightly to brain and spinal cord
E) Separates dura mater from periosteum
116) Dura mater
A) Functional unit of the nervous system
B) Most superficial and thickest meninx
C) The middle meninx
D) The meninx bound tightly to brain and spinal cord
E) Separates dura mater from periosteum
117) Reflex arc
A) Functional unit of the nervous system
B) Most superficial and thickest meninx
C) The middle meninx
D) The meninx bound tightly to brain and spinal cord
E) Separates dura mater from periosteum
118) Epidural space
A) Functional unit of the nervous system
B) Most superficial and thickest meninx
C) The middle meninx
D) The meninx bound tightly to brain and spinal cord
E) Separates dura mater from periosteum
119) Arachnoid mater
A) Functional unit of the nervous system
B) Most superficial and thickest meninx
C) The middle meninx
D) The meninx bound tightly to brain and spinal cord
E) Separates dura mater from periosteum
120) Nerves are held together by ________.
121) Cutaneous sensory distribution of a spinal nerve can be mapped as a ________.
122) The largest nerve in the body is the ________ nerve.
123) Branches of the pudendal nerve are anesthetized during childbirth before the doctor performs a/an ________.
124) The ________ is the basic functional unit of the nervous system and is capable of receiving a stimulus and producing a response.
125) Which of the following sensory functions involves neurons in the dorsal root ganglion?
A) Smell
B) Hearing
C) Touch
D) Taste
E) Vision
126) Which of the following is not a function associated with the spinal cord?
A) Protect neurons in both the ascending and descending tracts
B) Mediate a reflex, such as the withdrawal of a hand from pain
C) Conduct sensory information up to the brain
D) Conduct motor information down the cord
E) Coordinate the alternating contraction of several muscle groups associated with locomotion
127) A patient with no sensation in the left thumb would most likely have nerve damage of the ________ spinal nerve.
A) T1
B) T5
C) C5
D) C6
E) L3
128) Which of the following is not a property of reflexes?
A) Reflex responses are very predictable.
B) Reflexes are responses to sensory inputs.
C) Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.
D) Reflexes are not voluntary.
E) Reflexes do not require a stimulus.
129) You go to the movies after a long day and you begin to nod off as soon as the movie starts. Your head starts to lower a little, but a reflex causes your head to rise. This is called the ________ reflex.
A) tendon
B) crossed extension
C) withdrawal
D) stretch
E) flexor (withdrawal)
130) In the patellar tendon reflex arc, the patellar ligament is stretched, which stretches the quadriceps femoris muscle of the thigh. This reflex will cause the quadriceps femoris to ________ and the hamstrings to ________.
A) contract; relax
B) contract; contract
C) relax; contract
D) relax; relax
131) Which reflex shows the least synaptic delay?
A) A polysynaptic reflex
B) The cross extension reflex
C) The withdrawal reflex
D) The flexor reflex
E) The Golgi tendon reflex
132) A physician must administer an anesthesia directly to the CNS via the vertebral column. How many layers of the meninges must be punctured to do so?
A) Two layers to introduce the anesthesia to the subarachnoid space
B) None to introduce the anesthesia to the epidural space
C) One layer to introduce the anesthesia to the subarachnoid space
D) Three to introduce the anesthesia directly to the spinal cord
133) The cervical region of the spinal cord lacks associated autonomic nuclei. How will a cross section of the spinal cord in this region differ from a cross section of the thoracic region?
A) Lateral gray horns are not present in the cervical region.
B) Ventral gray horns are smaller in the cervical region due to fewer motor nuclei.
C) Posterior gray horns are lacking in the cervical region.
D) There should be no difference in the appearance from one region compared to other regions.
134) Dennis has lost the ability to voluntarily raise his left arm due to damage to his spinal cord and associated nerves. Which of the following is a possible explanation for Dennis's symptom?
A) One or more ventral roots in the cervical region of the spinal cord have been damaged.
B) One or more dorsal roots in the cervical region of the spinal cord have been damaged.
C) One or more ventral roots in the thoracic region of the spinal cord have been damaged.
D) One or more dorsal roots in the thoracic region of the spinal cord have been damaged.
135) Which of the following would explain the loss of certain sensations from the skin of the posterior region of the upper limb?
A) One or more ventral roots in the cervical region of the spinal cord have been damaged.
B) One or more dorsal roots in the cervical region of the spinal cord have been damaged.
C) One or more ventral roots in the thoracic region of the spinal cord have been damaged.
D) One or more dorsal roots in the thoracic region of the spinal cord have been damaged.
136) If reciprocal innervation failed during a stretch reflex, the consequence might be that
A) the overall movement would be diminished due to opposing muscles contracting simultaneously.
B) the overall movement would be exaggerated due to the lack of regulation from opposing muscle contraction.
C) the complete loss of movement due to lack of stimulation of the effector muscle.
137) True or False? An abnormal patellar reflex indicates damage of the T10 - T12 spinal segments.
138) Which of the following best differentiates between the endoneurium and myelin?
A) Endoneurium is more complex because it is composed of connective tissue; whereas myelin is composed of individual cells.
B) Myelin is more complex as it is composed of multiple cells surrounding a neuron; whereas the endoneurium is simply connective tissue.
C) Myelin and endoneurium are essentially the same thing, a connective tissue covering surrounding axons of neurons.
D) Myelin is composed of epithelial tissue, while endoneurium is composed of connective tissue.
139) True or False? Myelin is essentially the endoneurium of myelinated axons.
140) Glen is complaining of abnormal sensations, such as cold or hot sensations, along his left hip and anterior thigh. His physician suggests that certain nerves may be compressed, causing these sensations. Which of the following are most likely affected?
A) L1 - L2
B) L3 - L4
C) T11 - T12
D) L5 - L6
141) True or False? Damage to C5 and C6 spinal nerves would result in abnormal sensations along the anterior surface of the upper limb.
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Connected Book
Seeley’s Anatomy and Physiology 12e Complete Test Bank
By Cinnamon VanPutte