Sensory Mechanisms Chapter 12 Exam Prep

Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, 8e, (Johnson)

Chapter 12 Sensory Mechanisms

12.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Texting while driving involves which types of driving distractions?

A) real and imagined

B) spatial, temporal, and peripheral

C) visual, cognitive, and manual

D) steering and speed

E) oral, auditory, and perceptual

Topic: Current Issue

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.2

GLO: G1

2) Which of the following receive(s) a physical or chemical stimulus and ultimately cause(s) nerve impulses to be generated in sensory neurons?

A) the brain

B) axons

C) Schwann cells

D) hillocks

E) receptors

Topic: Sec. 12.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.1a

GLO: G1

3) A stronger stimulus results in which one of the following?

A) larger action potentials

B) greater frequency of action potentials

C) action potentials that travel more quickly

D) activation of more receptors and initiation of more action potentials

E) neural fatigue

Topic: Sec. 12.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.1b

GLO: G1

4) Some sensory receptors stop sending action potentials even though the original stimulus persists. This is known as which one of the following?

A) receptor overload

B) receptor adaptation

C) receptor shutdown

D) receptor oversight

E) receptor discontinuance

Topic: Sec. 12.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.1b

GLO: G1

5) Which of the following receptors are MOST likely to demonstrate receptor adaptation?

A) pain receptors

B) olfactory receptors in the nose

C) photoreceptors in the eye

D) stretch receptors in the muscles and tendons

E) mechanoreceptors in the cochlea (ear)

Topic: Sec. 12.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.1b

GLO: G1

6) Receptor adaption occurs when

A) impulse transmission stops at a synapse.

B) the brain ignores the incoming action potentials.

C) the stimulus stops.

D) the sensory neuron stops sending action potentials.

E) action potentials from multiple sensory neurons cancel one another.

Topic: Sec. 12.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.1b

GLO: G1

7) Mechanoreceptors specifically designed to monitor muscle length are termed

A) thermoreceptors.

B) muscle spindles.

C) dendrites.

D) muscle fibers.

E) Pacinian corpuscles.

Topic: Sec. 12.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.2

GLO: G1

8) Somatic receptors distributed throughout the body are linked to sensory neurons that send impulses to which one of the following regions of the brain?

A) pons

B) medulla oblongata

C) parietal lobe

D) frontal lobe

E) occipital lobe

Topic: Sec. 12.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.2

GLO: G1

9) Receptors for fast pain

A) generally arise from muscles or internal organs.

B) give rise to a phenomenon called referred pain.

C) transmit action potentials to the brain along the same neurons used by spinal neurons.

D) generally occur in or near skin.

E) initiate action potentials that travel more quickly.

Topic: Sec. 12.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.2

GLO: G1

10) A student noticed that when he closed his eyes, he could still determine the position of his arms and legs. This is largely due to the activity of

A) pain receptors.

B) mechanoreceptors.

C) Merkel disks.

D) Meissner's corpuscles.

E) chemoreceptors.

Topic: Sec. 12.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.2

GLO: G2

11) Slow pain originating from an internal organ is often perceived as coming from an area of the body totally unrelated to the source. This is known as

A) delayed perception.

B) threshold propagation.

C) indirect tolerance.

D) "shooting" pain.

E) referred pain.

Topic: Sec. 12.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.2

GLO: G1

12) Olfactory receptors are located in which one of the following?

A) taste buds

B) muscles

C) upper part of nasal passages

D) skin surrounding nasal openings

E) upper regions of mouth

Topic: Sec. 12.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.3

GLO: G1

13) Whereas the sense of taste is based on ________ (how many?) classes of taste receptors, the sense of smell has over ________ (how many?) different receptors for chemicals associated with odor.

A) 5; 1,000

B) 20; 200

C) 150; 6

D) 10; 10,000

E) 500; 5,000

Topic: Sec. 12.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.3

GLO: G1

14) ________ extend out from the exposed tip of taste cells into the mouth.

A) Papillae

B) Taste hairs

C) Olfactory bulbs

D) Spindles

E) Tendons

Topic: Sec. 12.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.3

GLO: G1

15) The loudness (intensity) of a sound is specifically associated with the

A) frequency of sound waves.

B) area of the brain interpreting the sensory input.

C) specific hair cells that respond in the cochlea.

D) amplitude of the sound waves.

E) duration of the sound.

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.3

GLO: G1

16) Sound is amplified by components of the middle ear when they vibrate. When one of these components, the stapes, vibrates, the ________ will vibrate.

A) tympanic membrane

B) pinna

C) oval window

D) eustachian tube

E) cochlea

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

17)

The structure shown in the figure above is found in which one of the following?

A) skin

B) inner ear

C) retina

D) middle ear

E) vestibulocochlear nerve

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

18) Vibration of the ________ bends hairs of the hair cells, which ultimately generate impulses in ________.

A) basilar membrane; hair cells

B) sensory neurons; tectorial membrane

C) hair cells; sensory neurons

D) organ of Corti; hair cells

E) basilar membrane; sensory neurons

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

19) When a sound wave first arrives at the ear, the wave is directed toward the auditory canal by

A) receptors on the head.

B) tympanic membranes.

C) pinna.

D) auditory tube.

E) vestibular apparatus.

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

20) The malleus and incus function to

A) channel sounds in the inner ear.

B) amplify sound.

C) convert a sound wave into an electrical impulse.

D) convert a long wave light into an electrical impulse.

E) sense static position.

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

21) Different pitched (high- or low-toned) sounds are discriminated by the

A) tympanic membrane.

B) round and oval windows.

C) malleus, incus, and stapes.

D) hair cells in specific regions of the cochlea.

E) auditory nerve.

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

22) Within the cochlea, higher-frequency sounds are converted to electrical impulses near the

A) cornea.

B) tapered tip.

C) auditory tube.

D) oval and round windows.

E) sensory neurons.

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

23) Which one of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body?

A) vestibule

B) stapes

C) semicircular canals

D) ampulla and cupula

E) oval window

Topic: Sec. 12.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.5

GLO: G1

24) An individual never developed otoliths in the inner ear due to a genetic defect. Which one of the following will be impaired as a result?

A) hearing low-pitched sounds

B) hearing high-pitched sounds

C) sense of head position and linear acceleration

D) maintenance of balance

E) sense of rotational movement

Topic: Sec. 12.5

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 12.5

GLO: G2

25) The vestibule contains two fluid-filled chambers, called the utricle and saccule, which are alike in that

A) they both are surrounded by cupular membranes.

B) each has a gel-like substance on the inside.

C) both contain ampulla.

D) they are directly attached to semicircular canals.

E) each lines the semicircular canals.

Topic: Sec. 12.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.5

GLO: G1

26) Which one of the following parts of the eye is continuous with the cornea and forms the outer surface of the back of the eye?

A) retina

B) choroid

C) oval window

D) iris

E) sclera

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

27) The following is a list of structures in the eye through which light passes. Which one of the following answers best describes the order in which light passes through or hits each structure?

1. lens

2. pupil

3. cornea

4. aqueous humor

5. retina

A) 5, 4, 2, 1, 3

B) 3, 4, 2, 1, 5

C) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5

D) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5

E) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

28) The transparent covering of the front of the eye is the

A) cornea.

B) lens.

C) iris.

D) fovea centralis.

E) pupil.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

29) The vitreous humor fills the main chamber of the eye. Which one of the following structures of the eye would vitreous humor come in direct contact with?

A) sclera

B) cornea

C) iris

D) choroid

E) retina

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

30) The "blind spot" is associated with which one of the following?

A) optic disk

B) vitreous humor

C) choroid

D) fovea centralis

E) lens

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6b

GLO: G1

31) Which one of the following occurs when bright light hits the eye?

A) The muscle arranged circularly around the iris relaxes.

B) The pupil dilates.

C) The photoreceptors no longer respond to the light.

D) The pupil decreases in size.

E) The muscle arranged radially around the iris contracts.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

32) Which one of the following conditions results when the transparency of the lens decreases?

A) glaucoma

B) retinal detachment

C) cataracts

D) color blindness

E) astigmatism

Topic: Sec. 12.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.7b

GLO: G1

33) Color blindness usually results from a decrease in the number of

A) rods.

B) optic disks.

C) foveae.

D) cones.

E) ciliary muscles.

Topic: Sec. 12.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.7b

GLO: G1

34) LASIK treatment functions to improve eyesight by

A) completely removing a defective cornea.

B) widening the iris.

C) replacing the eye lens.

D) inserting a corrective pupil.

E) changing the shape of the cornea.

Topic: Health & Wellness

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

35) Nearsightedness and farsightedness are caused by the

A) density of the aqueous and vitreous humor.

B) length of the eyeball.

C) shape of the cornea.

D) shape of the lens.

E) positioning of the rods and cones.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

36) As humans age, their ability to focus on nearby objects deteriorates. This is the result of

A) loss of rods and cones.

B) increased viscosity of the aqueous and vitreous humor.

C) stiffening of the lens and loss of accommodation capability.

D) inappropriate response of the iris to varying light intensities.

E) changing shape of the eyeball.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

37) Each of the following statements about cones is TRUE, EXCEPT which one?

A) Cones enable humans to see color.

B) Color vision is enabled by the presence of three types of cones.

C) Cones are evenly distributed throughout the retina, accounting for visual acuity.

D) Cones require more intense light for activation than rods do.

E) Visual acuity is dependent upon cones and bright light.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6c

GLO: G1

38) Which one of the following parts of the eye is affected by cataracts?

A) cornea

B) lens

C) aqueous humor

D) vitreous humor

E) retina

Topic: Sec. 12.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.7b

GLO: G1

39) An insufficient number of particular types of cones causes

A) impaired night vision.

B) macular degeneration.

C) detachment of the retina.

D) impaired color vision.

E) glaucoma.

Topic: Sec. 12.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.7b

GLO: G1

40) During eye examinations, a test is done to monitor the pressure within the eye. This test is done to detect

A) detachment of the retina.

B) glaucoma.

C) macular degeneration.

D) astigmatism.

E) cataracts.

Topic: Sec. 12.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.7b

GLO: G1

41) This phenomenon, which is a medical emergency, involves the peeling of the retina away from the choroid.

A) retinal detachment

B) optic degeneration

C) rhodopsin breakage

D) otitis media

E) myopia

Topic: Sec. 12.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.7b

GLO: G1

12.2 True/False Questions

1) The human body may stop responding to a stimulus even though the original stimulus is still present; this is a process referred to as receptor adaptation.

Topic: Sec. 12.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.1b

GLO: G1

2) Stronger stimuli activate more receptors and trigger bigger action potentials in sensory neurons.

Topic: Sec. 12.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.1a

GLO: G1

3) Pain receptors and receptors that monitor and maintain homeostasis typically do not adapt.

Topic: Sec. 12.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.1a

GLO: G1

4) Somatic sensations include temperature, touch, vibration, pressure, and pain; these sensations originate from receptors found in specific, localized areas of the body.

Topic: Sec. 12.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.1a

GLO: G1

5) Mechanoreceptors include unencapsulated dendritic endings, Merkel disks, Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, and olfactory receptors.

Topic: Sec. 12.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.2

GLO: G1

6) Taste hairs contain chemoreceptors that are specific for specific chemicals or tastants.

Topic: Sec. 12.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.3

GLO: G1

7) The vestibular apparatus located in the middle ear is a system of fluid-filled chambers that is essential to the sense of hearing.

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

8) Pressure in the middle ear is equalized with the external air pressure through the auditory tube.

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

9) Both eyes have an optic disk. When an image is focused on the optic disk, it cannot be "seen."

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6b

GLO: G1

10) The retina is composed of four layers of cells, which are the pigmented cells, photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, and the ganglion cells. Axons of the ganglion cells become the optic nerve.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

11)

The figure above is a diagram of an eye with an abnormality that would result in vision problems. A person with this condition would be considered farsighted and would require convex lenses in order to see objects in the distance.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

12) LASIK surgery involves removing the cornea and reshaping the lens to correct for vision problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.

Topic: Health & Wellness

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

12.3 Matching Questions

Match the following types of receptors to their definitions.

A) photoreceptors

B) pain receptors

C) chemoreceptors

D) mechanoreceptors

1) allow a person to taste food

Topic: Sec. 12.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.3

GLO: G1

2) respond to immediate, extreme heat or cold

Topic: Sec. 12.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.2

GLO: G1

3) detect light touch of skin

Topic: Sec. 12.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.2

GLO: G1

4) respond to tissue damage

Topic: Sec. 12.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.2

GLO: G1

5) respond to light

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6c

GLO: G1

Answers: 1) C 2) B 3) D 4) B 5) A

Using the figure above, match the structures of a taste bud with the regions (A-D) identified on the figure.

A) D

B) A

C) C

D) B

6) supporting cell

Topic: Sec. 12.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.3

GLO: G1

7) taste cell

Topic: Sec. 12.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.3

GLO: G1

8) sensory nerve cell

Topic: Sec. 12.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.3

GLO: G1

9) taste hairs

Topic: Sec. 12.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.3

GLO: G1

Answers: 6) A 7) D 8) C 9) B

Using the figure above, identify the structures of the eye.

A) pupil

B) vitreous humor

C) iris

D) aqueous humor

E) sclera

F) cornea

G) lens

H) retina

I) choroid

10) Label R represents the ________.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

11) Label S represents the ________.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

12) Label T represents the ________.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

13) Label U represents the ________.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

14) Label V represents the ________.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

15) Label W represents the ________.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

16) Label X represents the ________.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

17) Label Y represents the ________.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

18) Label Z represents the ________.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

Answers: 10) E 11) I 12) C 13) G 14) A 15) F 16) D 17) B 18) H

Match the following. Answers may be used more than once.

A) middle ear

B) inner ear

C) outer ear

19) site of the vestibular canal and tympanic canal

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

20) the air-filled chamber in temporal bone containing three small bones

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

21) sound waves moving through this area hit the tympanic membrane

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

22) location of the auditory nerve

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

Answers: 19) B 20) A 21) C 22) B

Match each of the following disorders associated with sensory mechanisms with its description.

A) otitis media

B) astigmatism

C) myopia

D) Ménière's syndrome

E) glaucoma

F) presbyopia

G) cataracts

23) chronic disorder of the inner ear; symptoms include nausea, dizziness, and loss of hearing

Topic: Sec. 12.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.7a

GLO: G1

24) condition resulting from irregularities in the shape of the lens or cornea; symptoms include blurred vision

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

25) condition that results from a decrease in the normal transparency of the lens

Topic: Sec. 12.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.7b

GLO: G1

26) condition that generally occurs after age 40 as the lens stiffens; results in the inability to focus on objects that are nearby

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

27) condition caused by blockage of the canal of Schlemm; increased amount of aqueous humor causes increased pressure in the eye; may lead to blindness

Topic: Sec. 12.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.7b

GLO: G1

28) distant objects appear out of focus because the eyeball is longer than normal; also known as nearsightedness

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

29) inflammation of the middle ear; a common cause of earaches

Topic: Sec. 12.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

Answers: 23) D 24) B 25) G 26) F 27) E 28) C 29) A

12.4 Short Answer Questions

1) ________ neurons transmit information about stimuli, in the form of electrical impulses, to integration centers.

Topic: Sec. 12.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.1a

GLO: G1

2) When an individual first gets dressed, he or she is conscious of the clothing on his body. A short time later, however, he or she is no longer aware of it. This phenomenon of the CNS ignoring a relatively unimportant sensation is known as ________.

Topic: Sec. 12.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.1b

GLO: G1

3) A fifth primary taste quality called ________ allows people to taste foods like parmesan cheese, mushrooms, and soy sauce.

Topic: Sec. 12.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.3

GLO: G1

4) Pain caused by a heart attack in men is often felt in the left shoulder and left arm. This phenomenon is known as ________ pain.

Topic: Sec. 12.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.2

GLO: G1

5) Foods that are potentially poisonous or inedible can often be detected by the ________ taste receptors, which are located at the very back of the tongue.

Topic: Sec. 12.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.3

GLO: G1

6) Appropriately named, ________ pain oftentimes is not detected until seconds or even minutes after an injury; this is due to the activation of chemically sensitive pain receptors.

Topic: Sec. 12.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.2

GLO: G1

7) The ________ ear is the location of the pinna and auditory canal.

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

8) The ________ sorts sounds by tone and converts them into electrical impulses.

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

9) The passageway that extends from the middle ear to the throat is the ________; this structure equalizes air pressure in the middle ear with atmospheric pressure.

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

10) The structure of the cochlea that converts pressure waves to nerve impulses is the ________; it is composed of hair cells and a tectorial membrane.

Topic: Sec. 12.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4

GLO: G1

11) The two fluid-filled chambers of the vestibule are the ________ and ________.

Topic: Sec. 12.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.5

GLO: G1

12) The movement of tiny, bonelike crystals called ________, located in the vestibule of the vestibular apparatus, is important in determining the position of the head.

Topic: Sec. 12.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.5

GLO: G1

13) It is common for people who are traveling in cars or planes to experience an unpleasant sensation known as ________, which is due to conflicting sensory inputs from receptors located in muscles and tendons, the eyes, and the vestibular apparatus.

Topic: Sec. 12.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.5

GLO: G1

14) The middle layer of tissue in the back of the eye that consists of pigmented cells and blood vessels is the ________.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

15) Accommodation enabling us to switch from focusing on something nearby to something more distant is accomplished by the ________ muscle.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

16) The ________ regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

17) A student is staring directly at a bird outside the classroom window. The image of the bird is focused at the very center of the macula, a small pit called the ________, which is lined with highly packed photoreceptors.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

18) The two structures of the eye that focus light are the ________ and ________.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

19) Convex lenses can correct ________, also called farsightedness.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6a

GLO: G1

20) Dim light causes the pigment ________ in rods to change shape, which causes sodium channels on the photoreceptor cell to close and activate ganglion cells.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6c

GLO: G1

21) Vision in dim light is due to the activity of ________ cells because their rhodopsin pigment is much more sensitive to light than other photopigments.

Topic: Sec. 12.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.6c

GLO: G1

22) Hearing loss resulting from damage to the tympanic membrane or the bones of the middle ear is known as ________ deafness.

Topic: Sec. 12.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.7a

GLO: G1

12.5 Essay Questions

1) Deafness in humans can have many causes. One form of deafness is caused by damage to hair cells. Explain how damaged hair cells can result in deafness.

Topic: Sec. 12.4, 12.7

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.4, 12.7a

GLO: G1, G8

2) Pain, especially intense sensations, is unpleasant and sometimes difficult for a person to cope with. Nevertheless, pain detection is essential for human survival. Explain how pain detection is necessary for a person's survival.

Topic: Sec. 12.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.2

GLO: G1, G8

3) Receptor adaptation occurs when a sensory neuron stops sending impulses even though the original stimulus is still present. Provide several examples of receptors that adapt readily and others that adapt very slowly, if at all. Explain the survival advantage in each of these situations.

Topic: Sec. 12.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 12.1b

GLO: G1, G7, G8