Ch10 Test Bank Docx The Respiratory System Exchange of Gases

Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, 8e, (Johnson)

Chapter 10 The Respiratory System: Exchange of Gases

10.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Which one of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive?

A) Oxygen is an important source of energy for cells and is used to make glucose.

B) Oxygen is essential for the production of most of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions.

C) Oxygen must be available to cells in order for them to make the sugars necessary to supply energy for cell functions.

D) Oxygen is used to drive the anaerobic breakdown of sugars for the production of ATP.

E) Oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide, which is then used to drive the production of ADP.

Topic: Sec. 10.0

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.1

GLO: G1

2) Ventilation refers to the process by which

A) gases are exchanged between the cells and the lungs.

B) gases are exchanged between the air and the blood.

C) air moves into and out of the lungs.

D) gases are exchanged between the blood and the cells.

E) ATPs are produced.

Topic: Sec. 10.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.1

GLO: G1

3) All of the following are involved in the process of breathing EXCEPT which one?

A) bones

B) respiratory system

C) circulatory system

D) skeletal muscles

E) nervous system

Topic: Sec. 10.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.1

GLO: G1

4) How does external respiration differ from internal respiration?

A) External respiration is done only by some amphibians, which can exchange gases through their skin.

B) External respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas internal respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids.

C) External respiration involves gills, whereas internal respiration involves lungs.

D) Internal respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas external respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids.

E) External respiration refers to gas exchange, regardless of its location, whereas internal respiration refers to the cellular process that metabolizes glucose and results in the production of ATP.

Topic: Sec. 10.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.1

GLO: G1

5) Which of the following occurs as air is drawn through the nose?

A) Water is removed, and the air becomes drier.

B) Carbon dioxide is removed from the air and replaced with oxygen.

C) Air is mixed with odorants to produce smells.

D) Harmful allergens and other toxic materials such as cigarette smoke and asbestos are removed.

E) Air is warmed, filtered, and humidified.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2a

GLO: G1

6) A little girl was playing in the snow one day and found that she was wiping her nose quite often. The "runny nose" that she was experiencing due to the cold temperatures resulted from

A) an insufficient production of mucus.

B) an inadequate supply of blood to the nasal epithelium.

C) the slowed activity of nasal cilia.

D) a buildup of tears in the nasal septum.

E) the inability of the sinuses to drain.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 10.2a

GLO: G5

7) When air entering the respiratory tract leaves the pharynx, it next enters the

A) bronchioles.

B) larynx.

C) alveoli.

D) bronchi.

E) sinuses.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

8) During the ingestion of food or liquid, which one of the following tips to block the opening to the trachea?

A) pharynx

B) bronchi

C) epiglottis

D) bronchioles

E) larynx

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

9) During puberty, the increased production of testosterone in males causes the rapid enlargement of which one of the following structures of the respiratory system?

A) pharynx

B) esophagus

C) larynx

D) bronchi

E) bronchioles

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

10) During a cough, what is responsible for constricting the size of the trachea?

A) closure of the soft palate

B) cartilage

C) smooth muscle

D) epiglottis

E) skeletal muscle

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

11) A small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to

A) promote the exchange of nutrients with both lungs.

B) allow gas exchange between the lungs and the blood stream.

C) allow white blood cells and macrophages access to foreign antigens entering the body through air.

D) function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation.

E) serve as a shock absorber for the lungs during body movement.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

12) Bronchioles differ from bronchi in that they

A) warm air to body temperature.

B) contain only smooth muscle.

C) filter and humidify air.

D) can have alveoli attached to them.

E) are lined by a ciliated epithelium.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

13) Arrange the following entries in the order in which air contacts them as air is drawn into the body.

a. trachea

b. bronchiole

c. pharynx

d. alveoli

e. larynx

A) e, c, b, a, d

B) c, a, e, d, b

C) b, d, a, c, e

D) c, a, e, b, d

E) c, e, a, b, d

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

14) All of the following are TRUE regarding the effect of smoking on the respiratory system EXCEPT which one?

A) The production of mucus increases in response to the presence of smoke.

B) Smoking destroys cilia lining the respiratory tract.

C) Particles and debris from the smoke accumulate in the mucus of the airway and increase the risk for infections by pathogens.

D) Antimicrobial compounds found in the respiratory mucus of smokers decrease the likelihood of infection.

E) "Smoker's cough" results from the heavy coughing that is necessary to clear accumulated mucus or particles from the airway.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

15) Which of the following structures is the location of gas exchange between the inhaled air and the blood?

A) trachea

B) bronchioles

C) alveoli

D) bronchi

E) pleura

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

16) During inspiration, intercostal muscles function to

A) flatten the diaphragm.

B) pull the rib cage up and out, so that lung volume increases.

C) constrict the lungs so that intrapulmonary pressure increases.

D) separate the layers of pleural membranes.

E) increase blood flow to lung tissue.

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

17) Which one of the following muscles separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A) intercostal

B) intracostal

C) cardiac

D) diaphragm

E) spleen

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

18) Air in the airways that does not participate in gas exchange is known as

A) expiratory reserve volume.

B) tidal volume.

C) inspiratory reserve volume.

D) dead space volume.

E) vital capacity.

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

19) All of the following are part of an individual's vital capacity EXCEPT which one?

A) tidal volume

B) inspiratory reserve

C) expiratory reserve

D) residual volume

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

20) During exhalation, the pressure inside the lungs

A) initially is higher than atmospheric pressure, but drops as air leaves the body.

B) must be maintained higher than atmospheric pressure.

C) must be maintained lower than atmospheric pressure.

D) gradually elevates as air enters the lungs.

E) rapidly elevates.

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

21) External respiration is the process of

A) transporting gases in the blood stream to target cells.

B) exchanging air in lungs with the surrounding environment.

C) moving gases into or out of the blood stream within lung tissue.

D) gas uptake by target cells.

E) carbon dioxide release by cells into the bloodstream.

Topic: Sec. 10.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.4a

GLO: G1

22) Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the venous supply in what form?

A) free carbon dioxide gas

B) oxyhemoglobin

C) soluble bicarbonate ion

D) bound to hemoglobin

E) carbon monoxide

Topic: Sec. 10.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.4a

GLO: G1

23) In which one of the following situations is hemoglobin most likely to bind oxygen?

A) in a tissue with a low partial pressure of oxygen

B) in a tissue with a neutral pH

C) in a tissue with a high temperature

D) in a tissue with a low pH

E) in a metabolically active tissue (e.g., muscle)

Topic: Sec. 10.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.4b

GLO: G1

24) Oxygen-rich blood flows through the heart

A) by entering the right atrium and continuing through the aortic arch.

B) via the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit.

C) on the left side of the heart following returning from the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.

D) right to left.

E) only through the coronary arteries.

Topic: Sec. 10.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.4a

GLO: G1

25) Carbaminohemoglobin differs from hemoglobin in that carbaminohemoglobin

A) is found in blood plasma.

B) binds carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide.

C) is found in red blood cells.

D) is bound to carbon dioxide.

E) transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells.

Topic: Sec. 10.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.4b

GLO: G1

26) Carbon dioxide is carried from the tissues to the lungs by a variety of mechanisms. Which of the following lists these mechanisms in order representing the mechanism that carries the most carbon dioxide to the mechanism that carries the smallest amount?

A) bicarbonate—carbaminohemoglobin—dissolved in plasma

B) bicarbonate—dissolved in plasma—carbaminohemoglobin

C) dissolved in plasma—bicarbonate—carbaminohemoglobin

D) carbaminohemoglobin—bicarbonate—dissolved in plasma

E) carbaminohemoglobin—dissolved in plasma—bicarbonate

Topic: Sec. 10.4

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 10.4a

GLO: G1

27) The respiratory control center is located

A) in the pulmonary veins.

B) in the pulmonary arteries.

C) in the medulla oblongata.

D) in the right lung.

E) throughout the arteries.

Topic: Sec. 10.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.5

GLO: G1

28) The rate and depth of normal breathing are determined by

A) oxygen levels in the blood.

B) carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

C) a pacemaker in the diaphragm.

D) a pacemaker in the intercostal muscles.

E) carbon monoxide levels in the blood.

Topic: Sec. 10.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.5

GLO: G1

29) All of the following are involved in the regulation of the rate and depth of breathing EXCEPT which one?

A) carotid and aortic bodies

B) blood levels of CO2

C) blood levels of O2

D) bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

E) medulla oblongata

Topic: Sec. 10.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.5

GLO: G1

30) Which of the following disorders is described as follows: damage to motor nerves innervating skeletal muscle; skeletal muscles weaken; death usually results within five years of diagnosis?

A) amytrophic lateral sclerosis

B) pleurisy

C) cystic fibrosis

D) emphysema

E) botulism

Topic: Sec. 10.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.5

GLO: G1

31) All of the following statements are TRUE regarding lung cancer EXCEPT which one?

A) Symptoms include chest pain, chronic cough, and wheezing.

B) One hundred percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke.

C) Lung cancer may be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation.

D) This type of cancer typically takes many years to develop.

E) Problems associated with lung cancer include inadequate exchange of gases in the alveoli and impairment of blood flow in the pulmonary blood vessels.

Topic: Sec. 10.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.6

GLO: G1

32) Which of the following results from the stimulation by nerve impulses generated in the respiratory center when they arrive at the muscles involved in inspiration?

A) contraction of the diaphragm

B) reduction in the efficiency of oxygen transport by the blood

C) increase in air pressure in the lungs

D) opening of the trachea

E) downward movement of the ribs

Topic: Sec. 10.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.5

GLO: G1

33) An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body causes

A) a simultaneous increase in the amount of oxygen in the body.

B) an increase in the pH of the blood.

C) a decrease in the rate at which impulses are released from the respiratory center.

D) slow, shallow breathing.

E) a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Topic: Sec. 10.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.5

GLO: G1

34) A condition in which wheezing occurs with breathlessness and a persistent cough, and yields yellowish or greenish phlegm is

A) asthma.

B) bronchitis.

C) lung cancer.

D) lupus.

E) anemia.

Topic: Sec. 10.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.6

GLO: G1

35) Which one of the following is a symptom of botulism?

A) elevated stroke volume

B) paralysis of muscles used for breathing

C) cough yielding green phlegm

D) immune system attack of connective tissue

E) rash

Topic: Sec. 10.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.6

GLO: G1

36) Which of the following is a penetrating wound resulting in collapse of the lung?

A) cystic fibrosis

B) pneumonia

C) mesothelioma

D) congestive heart failure

E) pneumothorax

Topic: Sec. 10.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.6

GLO: G1

10.2 True/False Questions

1) Oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood during internal respiration.

Topic: Sec. 10.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.1

GLO: G1

2) Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with blood directly across the alveoli wall.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

3) The trachea is completely surrounded by rings of cartilage, resulting in an organ that is inflexible.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

4) Surfactant is released to reduce surface tension in the alveoli.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

5) Deoxygenated blood is transported to the pulmonary capillaries of the lungs by the pulmonary veins; oxygenated blood is transported away from the pulmonary capillaries by the pulmonary arteries.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

6) Longer vocal cords generate higher-pitched tones than longer ones.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

7)

The figure above depicts expiration.

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

8) Lung capacity is typically measured with the use of a spirometer.

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3b

GLO: G1

9) Lung diseases, such as emphysema, can be diagnosed by measuring lung volumes and the rates at which these volumes change.

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3b

GLO: G1

10) Hemoglobin in red blood cells can bind both oxygen and carbon dioxide, but not at the same time since it uses the same binding site.

Topic: Sec. 10.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.4b

GLO: G1

11) An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body results in a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid, which results in an increase in breathing rate.

Topic: Sec. 10.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.5

GLO: G1

12) E-cigarettes are often regulated as a tobacco product that contains chemicals, but they do not contain tobacco.

Topic: Current Issue

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.6

GLO: G1

13) The rate and depth of normal breathing are controlled by the need to get rid of CO2.

Topic: Sec. 10.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.5

GLO: G1

14) Antibiotics are the preferred treatment for colds.

Topic: Sec. 10.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.6

GLO: G1

15) Hemoglobin binds more tightly to carbon monoxide than to oxygen.

Topic: Sec. 10.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.6

GLO: G1

10.3 Matching Questions

Match the following processes of respiration to their definitions.

A) breathing

B) cellular respiration

C) external respiration

D) internal respiration

1) the process that results in water being produced as a byproduct

Topic: Sec. 10.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.1

GLO: G1

2) exchange of air between lungs and the environment

Topic: Sec. 10.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.1

GLO: G1

3) movement of oxygen across alveoli into the bloodstream

Topic: Sec. 10.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.1

GLO: G1

4) movement of carbon dioxide from interstitial fluids into the blood

Topic: Sec. 10.1

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.1

GLO: G1

Answers: 1) B 2) A 3) C 4) D

Match the following terms to their definitions.

A) expiratory reserve volume

B) tidal volume

C) vital capacity

D) inspiratory reserve volume

E) residual volume

5) the amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs beyond the tidal volume

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

6) the amount of air entering the lungs with every breath

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

7) the amount of air that can be inhaled beyond the tidal volume

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

8) the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

9) the air that remains in the lungs after a forceful exhalation

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

Answers: 5) A 6) B 7) D 8) C 9) E

Match each of the following disorders associated with the respiratory system with its description.

A) mesothelioma

B) congestive heart failure

C) pneumothorax

D) pneumonia

E) botulism

F) pleurisy

G) emphysema

10) inflammation of the lungs due to viral or bacterial infection; secretion of excess fluid in the lungs prevents proper gas exchange

Topic: Sec. 10.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.6

GLO: G1

11) condition that causes an accumulation of fluid in the spaces between the pulmonary capillaries and alveoli due to inadequate pumping of blood by the heart

Topic: Sec. 10.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.6

GLO: G1

12) inflammation of the epithelial membranes enclosing the lungs

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

13) collapse of one or more lobes of the lungs, usually due to a penetrating chest wound

Topic: Sec. 10.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.6

GLO: G1

14) chronic disorder that results from permanent damage to the alveoli as a consequence of smoking or exposure to pollutants

Topic: Sec. 10.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.6

GLO: G1

15) a type of food poisoning that may result in paralysis of the respiratory muscles

Topic: Sec. 10.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.6

GLO: G1

16) a deadly type of cancer associated with asbestos exposure

Topic: Sec. 10.6

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.6

GLO: G1

Answers: 10) D 11) B 12) F 13) C 14) G 15) E 16) A

The figure above shows the components of the respiratory system. Match each labeled structure (A-E) to its description.

17) Contraction of this structure causes it to flatten out, increasing lung volume.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

18) This structure is also known as the "windpipe."

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

19) Site of the vocal cords; the glottis is the opening to this structure.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

20) Large airways that enter each lung and then branch into smaller and smaller airways; walls contain connective tissue, smooth muscles, and cartilage.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

21) Site of external respiration; walls consist of one layer of squamous epithelial cells.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

10.4 Short Answer Questions

1) The respiratory system functions to ________ with the environment.

Topic: Sec. 10.0

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.1

GLO: G1

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).

2) At the end of every ________ is a cluster of ________, where gas exchange takes place.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

3) In the figure above, ________ must be released over the inner surface of the sac-like structures to reduce surface tension.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

4) Air spaces in the skull called the ________ drain into the nasal cavity.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2a

GLO: G1

5) The lower pharynx serves as a passageway for both the ________ and ________ systems.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

6) It is impossible to talk while swallowing because the ________ blocks the opening to the lower respiratory tract, routing food to the esophagus instead of the ________.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

7) The structure nicknamed the "Adam's apple" is associated with the ________, part of the respiratory passageway.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

8) Intrapulmonary ________ must be reduced prior to the process of inhalation.

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

9) Sound results from the ________ of the vocal cords as air passes through the larynx.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

10) During the cough reflex, the trachea ________ slightly to increase the velocity of air movement.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

11) Tobacco smoke contains chemicals that ________ the production of mucus and ________ the activity of cilia in the respiratory system.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2a

GLO: G1

12) The anatomical design of the paired lungs makes them easy to distinguish; the right lung has ________ lobes, whereas the left side has ________ lobes.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

13) The pleural cavity, which is located between the pleural membranes, contains small amounts of ________.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

14) The exchange of gases in the lungs occurs between the alveoli and the ________.

Topic: Sec. 10.2

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.2b

GLO: G1

15) The muscles involved in respiration include the ________ muscles located between the ribs and the ________ located between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity.

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

16) The amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs with each breath is the ________.

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G1

17) The basic pattern of inhalation and exhalation is controlled by a region at the base of the brain called the ________.

Topic: Sec. 10.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.5

GLO: G1

18) Receptor cells in the aortic and carotid bodies respond to changes in blood ________ levels.

Topic: Sec. 10.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.5

GLO: G1

19) The concentration of ________ in the blood is monitored indirectly by monitoring the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Topic: Sec. 10.5

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.5

GLO: G1

10.5 Essay Questions

1) During a normal breathing cycle, pressure changes are essential to the exchange of gases with the environment. Describe what type of pressure changes must occur during ventilation.

Topic: Sec. 10.3

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.3a

GLO: G8

2) Oxygen and carbon dioxide both have the ability to bind to hemoglobin, which would seem to be an unfavorable situation for the body, particularly in terms of cellular respiration. What features does the human body use to favor oxygen and not carbon dioxide binding to hemoglobin?

Topic: Sec. 10.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.4a

GLO: G8

3) During intense physical exercise, human cells and tissues increase their need for oxygen to provide the ATP necessary for work. Why does heart rate have to increase to meet the need for oxygen?

Topic: Sec. 10.4

Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding

LO: 10.4a

GLO: G8