Glacial and Arid Terrain – Ch4 | Test Bank – 8th Edition

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Foundations of Earth Science, 8e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)

Chapter 4 Glacial and Arid Landscapes

4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Where is the world's largest ice sheet located today?

A) Greenland

B) Alaska

C) Iceland

D) Antarctica

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.1 Glaciers and the Earth System

Focus/Concepts: 4.1

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

2) Which one of the following is true of glaciers?

A) They originate on land.

B) They exist only in the Northern Hemisphere.

C) They show evidence of flow only from the past.

D) They form from the recrystallization of water.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.1 Glaciers and the Earth System

Focus/Concepts: 4.1

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

3) When a valley glacier leaves the mountains and enters the relative flat lands below, it may spread out to form ________.

A) an ice cap

B) a piedmont glacier

C) an ice shelf

D) a lateral moraine

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.1 Glaciers and the Earth System

Focus/Concepts: 4.1

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

4) The balance or lack of balance between accumulation and wastage is called ________.

A) glacial trough

B) glacial ice

C) glacial budget

D) glacial plucking

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.2 How Glaciers Move

Focus/Concepts: 4.2

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

5) Where do crevasses form?

A) in the zone of fracture

B) below the zone of fracture

C) at the terminus

D) in icebergs

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.2 How Glaciers Move

Focus/Concepts: 4.2

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

6) If accumulation exceeds ablation in a glacial budget, which of the following will happen?

A) The terminus will move downhill ("advance").

B) The terminus will shift uphill ("retreat").

C) The glacier will begin to flow uphill.

D) The glacier will melt away due to climate change.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.2 How Glaciers Move

Focus/Concepts: 4.2

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

7) A glacier's downstream end ________.

A) is where new ice is added through compaction of snowfall

B) is in the zone of wastage

C) is where the fastest flow occurs

D) is where cirques get carved out

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.2 How Glaciers Move

Focus/Concepts: 4.2

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

8) Although rates of glacial movement vary from region to region, on average the Antarctic Ice Sheet moves ________.

A) at a rate between 2 meters (6.5 feet) and 800 meters (2600 feet) per year

B) throughout the entire glacial ice mass

C) at a rate between 1.6 to 8 kilometers per hour (1 and 5 miles per hour)

D) only when the snow is falling

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.2 How Glaciers Move

Focus/Concepts: 4.2

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

9) In an area of alpine glaciation, sinuous, sharp-edged ridges called ________ and sharp, pyramid-like peaks called ________ are common features.

A) tarns; cirques

B) cirques; arêtes

C) arêtes; horns

D) horns; hanging valleys

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.3 Glacial Erosion

Focus/Concepts: 4.3

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

10) If you were on a geology field trip in an area of glacial deposition, how would you distinguish between samples of till and stratified drift?

A) with a rock hammer

B) by comparing their grain size and sorting

C) by comparing the specific gravity of the two samples

D) with hydrochloric acid

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

11) Which of the following is a variety of moraine?

A) lateral

B) cirque

C) kettle

D) hanging

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

12) Where are drumlins formed?

A) in areas of alpine glaciation

B) in areas of ground moraine

C) in fiords

D) in areas of glacial plucking

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

13) ________ are erosional features produced by valley (alpine) glaciers.

A) Moraines

B) Cirques

C) Eskers

D) Drumlins

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

14) During the last Ice Age, approximately 30% of Earth's land surface was covered by glaciers. Which of the following areas experienced the most glaciation?

A) Siberia

B) Australia

C) North America

D) Europe

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.6 Extent of Ice Age Glaciation

Focus/Concepts: 4.6

ESLI: 2.7 Over Earth's vast history, both gradual and catastrophic processes have produced enormous changes.

15) Which of the following lakes are remnants of Lake Agassiz?

A) Great Lakes

B) Lake Bonneville

C) Great Salt Lake

D) Walden Pond

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.5 Other Effects of Ice Age Glaciers

Focus/Concepts: 4.5

ESLI: 2.7 Over Earth's vast history, both gradual and catastrophic processes have produced enormous changes.

16) About what percentage of Earth's land surface is covered by deserts?

A) 3%

B) 15%

C) 30%

D) 55%

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.7 Deserts

Focus/Concepts: 4.7

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

17) How is desert different from steppe?

A) Steppe is more humid than desert.

B) Desert is more humid than steppe.

C) Desert occurs at subtropical latitudes, but not at mid-latitudes in continental interiors.

D) Steppe occurs at subtropical latitudes, but not at mid-latitudes in continental interiors.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.7 Deserts

Focus/Concepts: 4.7

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

18) A rainshadow desert forms ________.

A) when dry air descends from high in the atmosphere between 20° and 30° latitude

B) in places where mountain ranges act as barriers to the movement of water vapor

C) in cold, polar regions

D) near the equator, where moist air rises (because it is hot and less dense) up, away from Earth's surface

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.7 Deserts

Focus/Concepts: 4.7

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

19) Ephemeral streams ________.

A) are a major agent of erosion in desert regions

B) are a major agent of erosion in areas of ground moraine

C) flow all the time

D) are limited to rainshadow deserts

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.7 Deserts

Focus/Concepts: 4.7

ESLI: 5.6 Water shapes landscapes.

20) Deflation may lead to ________.

A) meanders

B) drumlins

C) till

D) blowouts

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.9 The Work of Wind

Focus/Concepts: 4.9

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

21) Sand is deposited on the ________ side of a dune.

A) leeward

B) wind

C) blowout

D) deflated

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.9 The Work of Wind

Focus/Concepts: 4.9

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

22) ________ glaciers form when one or more ________ glaciers merge and are no longer confined.

A) Ice cap; piedmont

B) Alpine; valley

C) Valley; piedmont

D) Piedmont; valley

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.1 Glaciers and the Earth System

Focus/Concepts: 4.1

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

23) When a glacial trough is "drowned" by the sea, the result is a(n) ________.

A) fiord

B) cirque

C) horn

D) arête

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.3 Glacial Erosion

Focus/Concepts: 4.3

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

24) A sinuous ridge composed of sand and gravel is a(n) ________; it is a deposit made by streams flowing in tunnels within or beneath glacial ice.

A) till

B) drumlin

C) esker

D) arête

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

25) Which of the following is the least effective agent of erosion?

A) water

B) wind

C) ice

D) lava

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.9 The Work of Wind

Focus/Concepts: 4.9

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

26) A(n) ________ is defined as a semiarid climate.

A) drumlin

B) desert

C) steppe

D) esker

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.7 Deserts

Focus/Concepts: 4.7

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

27) Course-grained sediments such as pebbles and cobbles often comprise the ________ in desert environments.

A) dunes

B) loess

C) blowout

D) desert pavement

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.9 The Work of Wind

Focus/Concepts: 4.9

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

28) A landscape dominated by U-shaped valleys and pyramid-shaped mountains is most likely formed due to ________.

A) glaciation

B) desertification

C) lithification

D) dissolution

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.3 Glacial Erosion

Focus/Concepts: 4.3

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

29) A(n) ________ is a cone of debris that forms where an ephemeral stream emerges from the confines of the canyon. Its runoff spreads over the gentler slopes at the base of the mountains and quickly loses velocity, dumping most of its sediment load within a short distance.

A) drumlin

B) alluvial fan

C) esker

D) delta

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

30) A hazard people face when crossing a glacier is falling into a ________, a large crack that extends through the zone of fracture.

A) zone of accumulation

B) zone of wastage

C) snowline

D) crevasse

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.2 How Glaciers Move

Focus/Concepts: 4.2

ESLI: 8.1 Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

31) If ice accumulation equals the amount of ice lost, the glacier will ________.

A) advance

B) become stationary

C) retreat

D) subside

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.2 How Glaciers Move

Focus/Concepts: 4.2

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

32) By the year 2030, it is possible that Glacier National Park in Montana will not have any ________.

A) deserts

B) glaciers

C) ephemeral streams

D) fiords

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.2 How Glaciers Move

Focus/Concepts: 4.2

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

33) ________ form from the coalescence of multiple alluvial fans.

A) Mesas

B) Inselbergs

C) Bajadas

D) Deltas

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

34) Desert regions that exhibit a discontinuous pattern of ephemeral streams that do not flow out of the desert to the ocean are said to have a(n) ________.

A) subterranean drainage

B) exterior drainage

C) evapotranspiration

D) interior drainage

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

35) Approximately ________ cycles of cooling and warming occurred during the last Ice Age.

A) 20

B) 15

C) 10

D) 5

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.6 Extent of Ice Age Glaciation

Focus/Concepts: 4.6

ESLI: 2.7 Over Earth's vast history, both gradual and catastrophic processes have produced enormous changes.

36) Which of the following is created when a glacier acts as a dam, blocking the flow of a river or melting glacial water?

A) playas

B) proglacial lakes

C) cirques

D) pluvial lakes

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.5 Other Effects of Ice Age Glaciers

Focus/Concepts: 4.5

ESLI: 2.7 Over Earth's vast history, both gradual and catastrophic processes have produced enormous changes.

37) The Last Glacial Maximum occurred ________ years ago.

A) 100,000

B) 24,000

C) 18,000

D) 6,000

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.5 Other Effects of Ice Age Glaciers

Focus/Concepts: 4.5

ESLI: 2.7 Over Earth's vast history, both gradual and catastrophic processes have produced enormous changes.

38) ________ are steep-sided hills composed mostly of stratified drift.

A) Kettles

B) Kames

C) Eskers

D) Inselbergs

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

39) Which of the following is an example of a glacial deposit?

A) horn

B) arête

C) cirque

D) moraine

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

40) Dust storms are most likely to deposit windblown silt, commonly called ________.

A) dunes

B) loess

C) blowout

D) desert pavement

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.9 The Work of Wind

Focus/Concepts: 4.9

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

41) ________ is the process of sand grains bouncing or rolling along the surface.

A) Saltation

B) Infiltration

C) Abrasion

D) Deflation

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.9 The Work of Wind

Focus/Concepts: 4.9

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

42) ________ are long, linear scratch marks carved onto bedrock by glacial abrasion.

A) Eskers

B) Glacial troughs

C) Glacial striations

D) Hanging valleys

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.3 Glacial Erosion

Focus/Concepts: 4.3

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

43) Cirques often contain small lakes called ________.

A) kettles

B) playas

C) kames

D) tarns

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.3 Glacial Erosion

Focus/Concepts: 4.3

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

44) Greenland's ice sheet covers about ________ of the island.

A) 100%

B) 80%

C) 65%

D) 50%

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.1 Glaciers and the Earth System

Focus/Concepts: 4.1

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

4.2 Matching Questions

Match the following items with the correct descriptions.

A) a glacier that forms when one or more alpine glaciers emerge from the confining walls of mountain valleys and spread out to create a broad sheet in the lowlands at the base of mountains

B) a glacier confined to a mountain valley, which in most instances was previously a stream valley

C) a dry, flat lake bed

D) center of basin where streams flow and briefly accumulate before evaporating or infiltrating bedrock

E) a very large, thick mass of glacial ice flowing outward in all directions from one or more accumulation centers

F) small mountain ranges separating circular downfolded structures

G) encrusted salt layer left behind once water evaporates

H) a discontinuous pattern of intermittent streams that do not flow to the ocean

I) large bedrock knobs projecting above a sediment-filled basin

J) a fan-shaped deposit formed when a stream's slope is abruptly reduced

K) an apron of sediment along a mountain front created by the coalescence of alluvial fans

L) a tongue of ice normally flowing rapidly outward from an ice cap or ice sheet, usually through mountainous terrain to the sea

1) interior drainage

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

2) alluvial fan

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

3) bajada

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

4) playa lake

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

5) playa

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

6) salt flat

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

7) inselberg

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

8) basin and range

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

9) outlet glacier

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.1 Glaciers and the Earth System

Focus/Concepts: 4.1

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

10) ice sheet

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.1 Glaciers and the Earth System

Focus/Concepts: 4.1

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

11) alpine glacier (or "valley glacier")

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.1 Glaciers and the Earth System

Focus/Concepts: 4.1

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

12) piedmont glacier

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.1 Glaciers and the Earth System

Focus/Concepts: 4.1

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

Answers: 1) H 2) J 3) K 4) D 5) C 6) G 7) I 8) F 9) L 10) E 11) B 12) A

Match the landscape feature with the material from which it is formed. Answers will be used more than once.

A) outwash

B) solid rock

13) glacial erratic

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

14) cirque

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.3 Glacial Erosion

Focus/Concepts: 4.3

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

15) esker

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

16) horn

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.3 Glacial Erosion

Focus/Concepts: 4.3

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

17) drumlin

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

18) moraine

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

Answers: 13) B 14) B 15) A 16) B 17) B 18) B

4.3 Essay Questions

1) Glaciers are powerful agents of erosion and deposition, and during the Quaternary Ice Age, these flowing masses of ice reshaped much of the North American continent. Discuss three of the effects of Ice Age glaciers that are not related to erosion or deposition.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.5 Other Effects of Ice Age Glaciers

Focus/Concepts: 4.5

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

2) Wind is included along with gravity, water, and ice as an agent of erosion. In many national parks and other areas of natural beauty, statements are often made that credit wind with having sculpted the landscape. Briefly discuss the importance of wind as an agent of erosion and explain why such statements are probably geologically inaccurate.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.9 The Work of Wind

Focus/Concepts: 4.9

ESLI: 3.4 Earth's systems interact over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales.

3) In a sequence of sedimentary rocks, you find a layer of poorly sorted sedimentary rock that includes many scratched cobbles. Below this layer is a body of granite that has a polished upper surface bearing many striations. How would you interpret such a rock sequence?

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

4) Explain the difference between a v-shaped valley and u-shaped valley. Is it possible for a v-shaped valley to form inside a u-shaped valley? Explain your answer below.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.3 Glacial Erosion

Focus/Concepts: 4.3

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

5) Consider a mountain system with three valley glaciers merging into a single, larger ice stream. Predict the number of lateral and medial moraines present before and after the creation of the larger ice stream.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

6) Discuss two ways in which desert pavement could form over time.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.9 The Work of Wind

Focus/Concepts: 4.9

ESLI: 3.4 Earth's systems interact over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales.

4.4 Visual Questions

1) What formed this valley's distinctive "U" shape?

A) river erosion

B) wind erosion

C) dune movement

D) glacial erosion

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.3 Glacial Erosion

Focus/Concepts: 4.3

ESLI: 5.7 Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion.

2) This cobble shows prominent scratches because ________.

A) it was tumbled in a stream

B) it was scraped against other rocks in a glacier

C) it was blasted by wind

D) this was its shape when it was mechanically weathered from its source rock

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

3) Which of the four lettered positions on this map-view sketch shows the location of the terminal end moraine?

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.4 Glacial Deposits

Focus/Concepts: 4.4

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

4) During the Last Glacial Maximum, about 18,000 years ago, sea level was approximately ________ lower than it is today.

A) 40 meters

B) 60 meters

C) 80 meters

D) 100 meters

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 4.5 Other Effects of Ice Age Glaciers

Focus/Concepts: 4.5

ESLI: 2.7 Over Earth's vast history, both gradual and catastrophic processes have produced enormous changes.

5) Examine the photograph above. What type of depositional feature is shown?

A) cross bedding

B) alluvial fan

C) esker

D) drumlin

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.9 The Work of Wind

Focus/Concepts: 4.9

ESLI: 4.8 Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others.

6) The ________ period of geologic time is depicted in this image.

A) Jurassic

B) Quaternary

C) Triassic

D) Cretaceous

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.6 Extent of Ice Age Glaciation

Focus/Concepts: 4.6

ESLI: 2.7 Over Earth's vast history, both gradual and catastrophic processes have produced enormous changes.

7) In the figure shown above, what is the stage of landscape evolution?

A) late stage

B) middle stage

C) early stage

D) Ice Age

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

8) Examine the satellite image of Death Valley, California.

A) What province of the United States is it located within?

B) Identify the various desert landforms seen there; circle and label them.

C) Describe how each one forms.

D) Finally, describe the sequence of events that produced this scene over time.

This satellite image shows a section of the Basin and Range Province. The fault-block mountains are being weathered in this arid environment, producing landforms like the alluvial fans and bajada indicated on the photo, as well as salt flats and playa lakes. Alluvial fans form as detrital sediment is (infrequently but effectively) carried down drainages coming off the surrounding mountain ranges. It piles up when it crosses the basin-bounding fault and hits the valley floor. If the fan growth is rapid or extended over a long period of time, adjacent fans may merge with their neighbors, producing a continuous apron of sediment all along the mountain range's flanks. This is a bajada. Meanwhile, those same infrequent rains also pick up a dissolved load, and when the water evaporates from temporary playa lakes and the basin-floor drainages that feed them, salts are deposited, making salt flats and playas. To produce this scene, first normal faulting would have to occur due to east-west extension, and then the landscape would have to experience a redistribution of rock mass due to weathering and erosion in the ranges, and deposition in the basins, as described above.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.

9) Examine the aerial photograph of Death Valley, California, part of the Basin and Range Province. Note that the western side of Death Valley, up against the Panamint Range, features a well-developed bajada, while the east side of the valley, up against the Amargosa Range, shows only a few isolated alluvial fans. Suggest an explanation for this asymmetry, and how you would test your hypothesis with an investigation on the ground.

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 4.8 Basin and Range: The Evolution of a Mountainous Desert Landscape

Focus/Concepts: 4.8

ESLI: 3.6 Earth's systems are dynamic; they continually react to changing influences.