Chapter 5: Middle Childhood

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following statements is true about middle childhood?

A. Conceptions of middle childhood are biologically constructed.

B. Children in this group are seen as inherently good or evil.

C. Children in this group are often viewed as capable of working and playing an economic role.

D. Cognitive development is less prominent than physical development.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.2: Describe how the social context of middle childhood has changed over time and place.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Historical Perspective on Middle Childhood

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. According to the book, ______ plays a pivotal role in reinforcing segregation and deculturalizing various groups of children.

A. church

B. government

C. school

D. social welfare

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.5: Analyze the role of formal schooling in middle childhood development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Middle Childhood and Formal Schooling

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. According to Piaget, children’s reasoning becomes more logical during the ______ phase.

A. concrete operational

B. latency

C. self-reflective perspective taking

D. preconventional and conventional morality

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cognitive Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. According to Erikson, children develop the capacity to cooperate and create during the ______ phase.

A. concrete operational

B. moral realism and autonomous morality

C. industry versus inferiority

D. preconventional and conventional morality

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. People with ______ are able to motivate themselves, delay gratification, and regulate their moods.

A. protective factors

B. resilience

C. strengths perspective

D. emotional intelligence

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Emotional Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. As part of their emotional development, children in middle childhood gain the ability to view tasks incrementally and ______.

A. understand and use the concept of planning

B. form complex sentences

C. empathize with others’ emotions

D. practice mindfulness

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emotional Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The most widely recognized developmental task of middle childhood is acquiring feelings of ______.

A. self-esteem

B. self-worth

C. self-competence

D. self-initiative

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. The ability in middle childhood to see a situation from another person’s point of view is ______.

A. perspective taking

B. emotional intelligence

C. empathy

D. multiple intelligences

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Team Play

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The theory of ______ calls for a wide range of instructional strategies to engage children’s strengths and intelligences.

A. perspective taking

B. varied strengths

C. character education

D. multiple intelligence

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.5: Analyze the role of formal schooling in middle childhood development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Middle Childhood and Formal Schooling

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The ability to engage in sustained, positive, and mutually satisfactory peer interactions is______.

A. confidence

B. emotional intelligence

C. social competence

D. friendliness

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Peer Group

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Which of the intelligences are included in Gardner’s eight intelligences?

A. linguistic and emotional

B. visual-spatial and mathematical

C. musical and imaginative

D. naturalist and logistical

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.5: Analyze the role of formal schooling in middle childhood development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Middle Childhood and Formal Schooling

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. A(n) ______ charts a course for ensuring that each child with a disability achieves as much as possible in the academic realm.

A. individual education plan (IEP)

B. student educational and occupational plan (SEOP)

C. social competence plan (SCP)

D. character education plan (CEP)

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.6: Analyze special challenges to middle childhood development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Emotional/Behavioral Disorder

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Mrs. Hardy has noticed a change in her student, Elle. She’s been missing more school than usual, and when she is in class, she’s often without a proper coat. Mrs. Hardy is debating whether to set up a meeting with Elle’s parents. Mrs. Hardy is most likely concerned that Elle is being ______

A. emotionally mistreated

B. bullied

C. physically abused

D. neglected

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.6: Analyze special challenges to middle childhood development

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Family and Community Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. ______ is a central theme of middle childhood.

A. Identity confusion

B. Seeking a driver’s license

C. Seeking belonging

D. Developing sexual intimacy

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Peer Group

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. In terms of play, what kind of play activities increase during middle childhood?

A. parallel play

B. friendly rule–based play

C. disengaged play

D. advanced skilled competitive play

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Team Play

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Which of the following is true in terms of spiritual development during middle childhood?

A. There are few benefits of spirituality for children.

B. Spirituality has only been found to be a protective factor for adults.

C. Children in middle childhood do not yet understand spirituality.

D. Spiritual development serves as a protective factor for children.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Spiritual Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Schools that provide school-linked health and social services are called ______.

A. full-service schools

B. integrated

C. systems management

D. community cooperatives

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Middle Childhood and Formal Schooling

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Which of the following statements about character education is true?

A. Character education teaches children how to be good citizens.

B. Children often prefer character education to traditional academic lessons.

C. The renewed interest in character education is related to recent incidences of school violence and harassment.

D. Schools often eschew character education because it requires them to bring in new instructors.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. According to the text, ______ poses the most significant threat to health child development.

A. English as a second language

B. extreme poverty

C. single parenthood

D. teen pregnancy

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.6: Analyze special challenges to middle childhood development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Poverty

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The tendency to define one’s poverty status in relation to others within one’s social environment is known as ______.

A. extreme poverty

B. relative poverty

C. socioeconomic status

D. social comparison

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.6: Analyze special challenges to middle childhood development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Poverty

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Josh’s classmates have been sharing photos of him online after he fell asleep in class and drooled on his desk. They’ve turned the photo into a meme and have shared it on Instagram and Facebook. This situation could be described as ______.

A. team play

B. direct bullying

C. indirect bullying

D. teasing

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Social Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. The zone of proximal development encompasses the theoretical space between a child’s current developmental level and their ______ level.

A. potential

B. future

C. intended

D. past developmental

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. ______ is a ______ commonly associated with school failure.

A. Neglect; risk factor

B. Bullying; protective factor

C. ADHD; behavioral disorder

D. ADD; developmental disorder

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.6: Analyze special challenges to middle childhood development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. A set of symptoms that include feelings of fear and helplessness and can result from indirect or direct exposure to violence is called ______.

A. phobia

B. depression

C. extreme stress

D. post-traumatic stress disorder

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.6: Analyze special challenges to middle childhood development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Family and Community Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Which of the following is a social environmental protective factor?

A. family expectations of prosocial behavior

B. personality factors such as easy temperament

C. stable relationship with parents

D. adequate childcare and housing

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.6: Analyze special challenges to middle childhood development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Special Challenges in Middle Childhood

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than girls.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.6: Analyze special challenges to middle childhood development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Emotional and social intelligence are inextricably linked.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Emotional Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. School-age children are indirectly influenced by past and present events in their family’s lives.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify examples of the ways the multigenerational family influences middle childhood development.

Cognitive Doman: Comprehension

Answer Location: Middle Childhood in the Multigenerational Family

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. As children progress through middle childhood, the school becomes a significant factor in shaping development.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.5: Analyze the role of formal schooling in middle childhood development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Middle Childhood and Formal Schooling

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. In middle childhood, children remain stagnant in their ability to identify and articulate their own emotions and the emotions of others.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Emotional Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. A common emotional gain during middle childhood is to have cognitive control of emotional arousal.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Emotional Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. In reference to social development, acquisition of feelings of self-competence is the most recognized developmental task of middle childhood.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Friendship in middle childhood becomes more behaviorally based rather than psychologically based.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Friendship and Intimacy

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Discuss the cognitive changes that take place in development during middle childhood. Include in your discussion the role of public education in cognitive development. Cite examples of cognitive development from the case studies of Anthony, Brianna, or Manuel.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cognitive Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Discuss the emotional changes that take place in development during middle childhood. Include in your discussion the idea of emotional intelligence and the impact of trauma. What are some positive emotional gains during middle childhood that increase protective factors and decrease risk? Cite examples of emotional development from the case studies of Anthony, Brianna, or Manuel.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Emotional Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Discuss the social changes that take place in development during middle childhood. Include in your discussion the important role of peer groups, friendship, team play, and gender identity in psychosocial growth and development. Cite examples of social development from the case studies of Anthony, Brianna, or Manuel.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Social Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Discuss the importance of formal schooling for middle-aged children. How does schooling impact development? What are the positive and negative impacts for children from diverse backgrounds? Discuss the importance of the link between home and school regarding positive and negative school outcomes. Include suggested strategies for facilitating a supportive relationship between home, community, and school environments.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.5: Analyze the role of formal schooling in middle childhood development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Middle Childhood and Formal Schooling

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Discuss spiritual development for children. How is spirituality defined? In what way does it serve as a protective factor? What is spiritual listening?

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Spiritual Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Discuss cultural identity development. How might this process be different for a child growing up in the rural South versus an urban Northern industrialized city? Give some examples.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.4: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, cultural identity, emotional, social, and spiritual development during middle childhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cultural Identity Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Discuss the effects of poverty and family and community violence in middle childhood. Include in your discussion the interplay of both risk and protective factors that may influence the development and the potential outcomes for children.

KEY: Learning Objective: 5.6: Analyze special challenges to middle childhood development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Family and Community Violence

Difficulty Level: Hard