Chapter 3: Infancy and Toddlerhood

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Young children in their first year of development are generally referred to as ______.

A. babies

B. infants

C. toddlers

D. newborns

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify aspects of the developmental niche that affect infant and toddler development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Developmental Niche and Typical Infant and Toddler Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Young children in their second year of development are generally referred to as ______.

A. babies

B. infants

C. toddlers

D. newborns

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify aspects of the developmental niche that affect infant and toddler development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Developmental Niche and Typical Infant and Toddler Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. When infants suck an object that is presented to them, they demonstrate ______.

A. reflexes

B. synapses

C. motor skills

D. pruning

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reflexes

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The ability of an infant to move and manipulate her or his action is called ______.

A. reflexes

B. synapses

C. motor skills

D. pruning

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Motor Skills

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The ______ reflex is when an infant turns their head and opens their mouth after someone strokes their cheeks.

A. rooting

B. sucking

C. startle

D. grasping

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reflexes

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Blinking, ______, and ______ are all examples of infant reflexes.

A. swimming; walking

B. Babinski; crying

C. spitting; yawning

D. grasping; scratching

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reflexes

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. According to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, infant development in the ______ stage occurs in six substages.

A. concrete operations

B. formal operations

C. preoperational

D. sensorimotor

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. According to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, children in the ______ stage can run the pictures in a movie (metaphor) backward and forward.

A. concrete operations

B. formal operations

C. preoperational

D. sensorimotor

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Sitting without support, ______, and ______ are all examples of motor skills milestones.

A. walking with assistance; jumping

B. wiggling; walking alone

C. hands-and-knees crawling; standing alone

D. falling; standing with assistance

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Motor Skills

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. ______ is an example of a milestone in language development.

A. Giving commands

B. Babbling

C. Pointing

D. Screaming

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Language Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. During the preoperational stage, children develop ______.

A. memory

B. spatial awareness

C. symbolic functioning

D. motor skills

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. When working with infants, social workers should be prepared for any ______ the infant may exhibit upon meeting someone new.

A. separation anxiety

B. anger

C. attachment

D. stranger anxiety

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Jamie clings to his mother and doesn’t play with the other infants. Jamie is exhibiting ______ attachment.

A. avoidant

B. insecure anxious

C. insecure disorganized/disoriented

D. secure

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Ainsworth’s Theory of Attachment

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. According to Ainsworth’s theory of attachment, when children seems indifferent to the presence of their mother they exhibit which type of attachment?

A. avoidant attachment

B. anxious attachment

C. insecure disorganized/disoriented attachment

D. secure attachment

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ainsworth’s Theory of Attachment

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. A toddler who plays with clay and molds it into a ball is most likely a(n) ______ toddler.

A. young

B. less developed

C. more developed

D. older

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.4: Analyze the role of play in infancy and toddlerhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Role of Play

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. The World Health Organization’s Multicentre Growth Reference Study ______.

A. evaluated abuse and neglect cases in developing countries

B. constructed standards for evaluating children from birth through 5 years of age

C. examined infant mortality in seven industrialized nations

D. constructed standards for evaluating children and adolescents birth through age 18

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Growth Patterns

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Courage and Howe (2010) examined the effects of screen time on infant and toddler development. Which of the following statements about their findings is true?

A. Excessive screen time can impact an infant’s learning ability.

B. Infants learn more readily from videos than from people.

C. Background television can facilitate play in toddlers.

D. Television can provide a route to early language development.

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.4: Analyze the role of play in infancy and toddlerhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Role of Play

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Nutritional status, climate, and shape of living space are all examples of which developmental niche?

A. customs of childcare

B. physical and social settings of daily life

C. customs of child-rearing

D. psychology of the caregivers

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify aspects of the developmental niche that affect infant and toddler development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Developmental Niche and Typical Infant and Toddler Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. A toddler’s ability to control their emotional state has important implications for ______.

A. early childhood school performance and social relationships

B. reducing substance use in young adulthood

C. being able to develop motor capacity

D. reducing attention deficit disorder in early childhood

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Emotion Regulation

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Temperament is an individual’s ______.

A. level of social awareness

B. mood for the day

C. innate disposition

D. transient state of mind

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Temperament

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Social workers may be more concerned about infants who are ______ having developmental disabilities.

A. lacking in playtime

B. premature

C. part of a multigenerational family

D. from a broken home

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.5: Compare developmental delay and developmental disability as they apply to infancy and toddlerhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Developmental Disruption

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. To ease separation from a caregiver, toddlers often make use of a ______.

A. transitional object

B. translational service

C. therapist

D. transfer buddy

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. How much paid child leave does the United States offer?

A. 12 weeks

B. 6 months

C. 6 weeks

D. 0

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.6: Compare the childcare arrangements in infancy and toddlerhood in the United States with the arrangements in other wealthy countries.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parental Leave

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Children living in poverty often suffer from ______.

A. developmental disorders

B. anxiety

C. inadequate health care

D. insufficient caregiving

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.6: Compare the childcare arrangements in infancy and toddlerhood in the United States with the arrangements in other wealthy countries.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Poverty

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Infants and toddlers with difficult temperaments or those diagnosed with mental, physical, or behavioral abnormalities are at higher risk for ______.

A. delayed cognitive development

B. psychological problems

C. attachment issues

D. abuse/neglect

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.8: Give examples of risk factors and protective factors during infancy and toddlerhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child Maltreatment and Trauma

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Self-regulation includes regulating temperature, control, sleeping, eating, and eliminating.

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Self-Regulation

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. When children enter a developmental niche, culture guides every aspect of the developmental process.

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify aspects of the developmental niche that affect infant and toddler development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Developmental Niche and Typical Infant and Toddler Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Infants who have “difficult” temperaments are more likely to be abused or neglected.

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.8: Give examples of risk factors and protective factors during infancy and toddlerhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child Maltreatment and Trauma

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. An infant’s ability to move and manipulate occurs in an orderly, logical sequence.

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Motor Skills

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Babies generally aren’t interested in each other and show little desire to form relationships with each other.

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.4: Analyze the role of play in infancy and toddlerhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Role of Play

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Developmental delays are always temporary.

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.5: Compare developmental delay and developmental disability as they apply to infancy and toddlerhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Developmental Disruptions

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Briefly discuss the concept of self-regulation in infants after birth.

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Self-Regulation

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of breastfeeding and bottle feeding.

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Self-Regulation

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Discuss the challenges that multigenerational families may face when raising a toddler. Include an example.

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.7: Identify issues that face multigenerational families with infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Infants and Toddlers in the Multigenerational Family

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Describe the characteristics of Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive development in toddlers.

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Discuss the role of play in infancy and toddlerhood. Include in your discussion the significance of play in motor, cognitive, emotional, and social development.

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.4: Analyze the role of play in infancy and toddlerhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Role of Play

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Discuss both risk and protective factors on the development of infants and toddlers. Include in your discussion the risk factors of poverty, inadequate care giving, and child abuse. Include in your discussion the protective factors of education, social support, and temperament.

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.8: Give examples of risk factors and protective factors during infancy and toddlerhood.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Risks to Healthy Infant and Toddler Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Discuss Piaget’s two stages of psychosocial development that are relevant to infants and toddlers. How can understanding these stages help social workers in their practice with infants and toddlers?

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize typical physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development of infants and toddlers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Socioemotional Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Discuss what the healthy development of infants and toddlers looks like. Include in your discussion both the physical and cognitive developmental aspects. Why is it important as social workers to help parents understand the process of healthy development?

KEY: Learning Objective: 3.9: Apply knowledge of infancy and toddlerhood to recommend guidelines for social work engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Developmental Niche and Typical Infant and Toddler Development

Difficulty Level: Hard