Young Adulthood Test Bank Chapter 7 - Human Behavior Life Course 6e Test Bank by Elizabeth D. Hutchison. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 7: Young Adulthood
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. According to the text, the major challenges facing young adults are taking responsibility for themselves, becoming financially independent, and ______.
A. making independent decisions
B. engaging with the community
C. leaving the family home
D. forming belief and value systems
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.2: Define young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: A Definition of Young Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Which of the following “sign posts” demonstrates young adults becoming functioning members of society as defined by the text?
A. forming a family
B. completing a postsecondary education
C. voting
D. developing a social network
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.2: Define young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: A Definition of Young Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. According to Levinson’s theory, the transition to adulthood primarily takes hold in which two domains?
A. work and relationships
B. finances and family
C. career and education
D. home life and identity development
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.3: Analyze the merits of three theoretical approaches to young adulthood (Erikson’s psychosocial approach, Levinson’s theory of life structure, and Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood).
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Levinson’s Theory of Life Structure
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Arnett proposed five features that make emerging adulthood distinct from adolescence and young adulthood, including self-focus, identity exploration, and ______.
A. stability
B. feeling in-between
C. cynicism
D. life structure
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.3: Analyze the merits of three theoretical approaches to young adulthood (Erikson’s psychosocial approach, Levinson’s theory of life structure, and Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood).
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Arnett’s Emerging Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. In ______, adulthood transitions are defined by circumstance and situation.
A. life structure
B. developmental individualization
C. emerging adulthood
D. default individualization
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.3: Analyze the merits of three theoretical approaches to young adulthood (Erikson’s psychosocial approach, Levinson’s theory of life structure, and Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood).
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Arnett’s Emerging Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Young adulthoods who do not overcome Erikson’s psychosocial challenge for young adulthood often feel ______.
A. unsuccessful
B. dissatisfied
C. alienated
D. stagnant
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.3: Analyze the merits of three theoretical approaches to young adulthood (Erikson’s psychosocial approach, Levinson’s theory of life structure, and Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood).
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Which stage of Marcia’s identity formation involves commitment and no exploration?
A. diffused
B. foreclosed
C. moratorium
D. achievement
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.5: Analyze how cognitive development, spiritual development, and identity development during young adulthood are related to the development of a psychological sense of self.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Identity Development
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. According to the text, spirituality develops in which three dimensions?
A. service, attachment, and ethics
B. prayer, connection, and values
C. cognition, affect, and behavior
D. behavior, effect, and love
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.5: Analyze how cognitive development, spiritual development, and identity development during young adulthood are related to the development of a psychological sense of self.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Spiritual Development
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. The three components of intimacy are self-disclosure, affection, and ______.
A. interdependence with another person
B. self-esteem
C. dependence on another person
D. separate but equal identities
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Relationship Development in Young Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Which of the following describes a romance script in lesbian relationship development?
A. emotional commitment where sexual behavior may or may not be part of the relationship
B. emotional and sexual attraction and quick commitment
C. friendship expectations and no commitment
D. sexual attraction is the focal point and emotional intimacy is secondary
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Romantic Relationships
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. According to the text, what is the biggest threat to young adults’ lives?
A. automobile accidents
B. lack of health insurance
C. poor diet
D. lack of exercise
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.4: Summarize the major themes in physical functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Physical Functioning in Young Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Making compromises, demonstrating support, and ______ are all ways to foster intimacy with a partner as listed in the text.
A. sharing one’s relationship history
B. creating shared partner values
C. providing constructive feedback
D. renegotiating one’s identity
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Relationship Development in Young Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. In the textbook, the range of young adulthood is considered ______.
A. 18–40 years
B. 18–25 years
C. 22–34 years
D. 25–40 years
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.2: Define young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: A Definition of Young Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. Low family income during infancy and poor reading achievement by age 10 are examples of ______.
A. community-based issues
B. protective factors
C. barriers to career success
D. risk factors associated with the transition to adulthood
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.7: Give examples of important risk factors and protective factors during young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Risk Factors and Protective Factors in Young Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. A significant social role transition in young adulthood is ______.
A. prioritizing global health
B. generativity
C. becoming spiritually enlightened
D. becoming a parent
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.2: Define young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: A Definition of Young Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. Jeffery Jensen Arnett’s stage of early young adulthood is called ______.
A. youngest of the young adults
B. emerging adulthood
C. embryonic adulthood
D. middle adulthood
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.3: Analyze the merits of three theoretical approaches to young adulthood (Erikson’s psychosocial approach, Levinson’s theory of life structure, and Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood).
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Arnett’s Emerging Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. Research shows that youth aging out of foster care are particularly at risk for ______.
A. delinquency, HIV, and Hepatitis C
B. HIV, substance abuse, and homelessness
C. homelessness, substance abuse, and involvement with the criminal justice system
D. homelessness, academic low achievement, and contracting a sexually transmitted disease
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.3: Analyze the merits of three theoretical approaches to young adulthood (Erikson’s psychosocial approach, Levinson’s theory of life structure, and Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood).
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cultural and Social Class Variations
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. Former foster youth who were successful in finding employment and housing were likely to have ______.
A. strong social support system and problem-solving skills
B. strong social support system and good health-care insurance
C. good health-care insurance and strong religious beliefs
D. problem-solving skills and Medicaid assistance
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.3: Analyze the merits of three theoretical approaches to young adulthood (Erikson’s psychosocial approach, Levinson’s theory of life structure, and Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood).
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cultural and Social Class Variations
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. What is the role of fictive kin in parenting?
A. Fictive kin can confuse children about who their actual relatives are.
B. Fictive kin are often more influential than biological family.
C. Fictive kin provide financial contributions to the family.
D. Fictive kin can play an important role in a child’s development.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Parenthood
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Kohlberg’s postconventional stage of moral development emphasizes greater contemplation of ethical principles and development of a ______.
A. mindful awareness
B. spiritual base
C. moral conscience
D. global conscience
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.5: Analyze how cognitive development, spiritual development, and identity development during young adulthood are related to the development of a psychological sense of self.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cognitive Development
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. According to Piaget, enhanced problem-solving and reasoning capabilities comes in the ______.
A. moral-realism stage
B. postconventional stage
C. preoperational stage
D. formal operations stage
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.5: Analyze how cognitive development, spiritual development, and identity development during young adulthood are related to the development of a psychological sense of self.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cognitive Development
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. The quality of relationships between young adult partners and among the partners and their respective families will influence the couple’s adjustment to ______.
A. financial independence
B. parenthood
C. career trajectory
D. spiritual and moral enlightenment
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Parenthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. Talents, skills, intellectual capacity, social development, and emotional regulatory capacity can all be described as ______.
A. human capital
B. social capital
C. vocational capital
D. socioeconomic capital
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Work and the Labor Market
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Family contributions that aid in deferring the immediate economic costs of long-term investments are called ______.
A. intermediary assets
B. community assets
C. transient assets
D. transformative assets
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Work and the Labor Market
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development describes the major task of young adulthood as the crisis of ______.
A. generativity versus stagnation
B. intimacy versus isolation
C. identity versus role confusion
D. stability versus stress
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.3: Analyze the merits of three theoretical approaches to young adulthood (Erikson’s psychosocial approach, Levinson’s theory of life structure, and Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood).
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
1. Young adulthood can be defined as the point of becoming a functioning member of the community as demonstrated by obtaining gainful employment, developing one's own social networks, and establishing independent housing.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.2: Define young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: A Definition of Young Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Parenthood is an interactive process with reciprocal parent–child and child–parent influences.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Parenthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Traditional transitional markets that have defined adulthood are no longer salient markers for characterizing young adults in today’s society.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.2: Define young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: A Definition of Young Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. When working with young adults who have health challenges, one should assess how their treatment affects their physical and psychosocial development.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.4: Summarize the major themes in physical functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Physical Functioning in Young Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. One’s successful adulthood transitioning into the labor market relies primarily on human capital.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Work and the Labor Market
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Intimate violence and intimate terrorism are different terms that describe the same situation.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Romantic Relationships
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. The development of spirituality for young adulthood is a time of exploration and refining belief systems.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.5: Analyze how cognitive development, spiritual development, and identity development during young adulthood are related to the development of a psychological sense of self.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Spiritual Development
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Young adults are typically in a stage of spiritual development called synthetic-conventional faith, a stage when the person begins to look for authority within the self.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.5: Analyze how cognitive development, spiritual development, and identity development during young adulthood are related to the development of a psychological sense of self.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Spiritual Development
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Poor social functioning in young adulthood can be linked to problems in school and family during adolescence.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Social Development and Social Functioning
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Emerging adulthood is a universal stage of the life course.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.3: Analyze the merits of three theoretical approaches to young adulthood (Erikson’s psychosocial approach, Levinson’s theory of life structure, and Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood).
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Cultural and Social Class Variations
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essays
1. Describe and discuss the developmental phase that Jeffrey Jenson Arnett conceptualizes as “emerging adulthood.” What historic and economic trends are factors in producing “emerging adulthood?”
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.3: Analyze the merits of three theoretical approaches to young adulthood (Erikson’s psychosocial approach, Levinson’s theory of life structure, and Arnett’s theory of emerging adulthood).
REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Arnett’s Emerging Adulthood
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Discuss the psychological self in young adulthood. Include in your discussion the intertwined aspects of cognition, spirituality, and identity. Cite any examples from the stories of Dominique, Johnny, Sheila, or Carla Jonathan and Kai that illustrate points of your discussion.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.5: Analyze how cognitive development, spiritual development, and identity development during young adulthood are related to the development of a psychological sense of self.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Psychological Self
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Discuss the various aspects of social development and social functioning in young adulthood. Include in your discussion the important dimensions of relationship development and work.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Social Development and Social Functioning
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. Summarize factors involved in successful role reorganization and adjustment to parenthood. Identify issues that may arise for Jonathan and Kai as they become new parents and attempt to balance the new obligations and responsibility of parenthood with other aspects of their lives.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Parenthood
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Discuss the role and benefits of work in the young adult life stage. How do factors such as gender, race, ethnicity, and disability affect transition into the labor force? Explain the impact of economic shifts and the changing demands of the labor market on individuals’ chances to work.
KEY: Learning Objective: 7.6: Identify major issues related to social development and social functioning in young adulthood.
REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Work and the Labor Market
Difficulty Level: Hard