Language Test Bank Ch.5 Adler

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 1

1)

A collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages between people is known as ____________.

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE

a. language

b. transactions

c. media

d. communication

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 2

2) What word describes a version of the same language that contains substantially different words and meanings?

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE

a. divergence

b. jargon

c. slang

d. dialect

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 3

3) Ogden and Richards’ triangle of meaning demonstrates visually that meanings are in

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE: Meaning are in people, not in words

a. vocabularies

b. people

c. nonverbal cues

d. words

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 4

4) ____________ govern how words sound when pronounced.

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE: language is rule governed

a. Semantic rules

b. Phonological rules

c. Pragmatic rules

d. Cultural rules

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 5

5) ____________ govern the arrangement or sequence of language.

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE: language is rule governed

a. Semantic rules

b. Syntactic rules

c. Pragmatic rules

d. Phonological rules

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 6

6) When picking up a friend from the airport, which set of language rules makes it possible for us to know whether to drive in the “Departures” lane or the “Arrivals” lane?

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE: language is rule governed

a. Semantic rules

b. Phonological rules

c. Syntactic rules

d. Cultural rules

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 7

7) John asks a woman who is not pregnant when the baby is due. What language rule did John break?

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE: language is rule governed

a. Pragmatic rule

b. Social rule

c. Semantic rule

d. Syntactic rule

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 8

8) Which of the following is NOT a rule which governs how we use language?

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE

a. Language is symbolic

b. Meanings are in people rather than words

c. Semantic rules are guidelines about the agreed upon meaning of words

d. In a given language, words always mean the same to all who speak the language.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 9

9) Implied interpretations of words that reflect the people, culture, emotions, and situations involved provide ____________ meanings.

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE: language is rule governed

a. denotative

b. pragmatic

c. connotative

d. convergent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 10

10) Swear words are governed by ____________.

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE: language is rule governed

a. equivocal rules

b. phonological rules

c. semantic rules

d. pragmatic rules

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 11

11) Graduate, lead, and produce are all words whose meaning may vary as a result of inconsistent ____________ rules.

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE: language is rule governed

a. syntactic

b. phonological

c. euphemistic

d. pragmatic

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 12

12) What does the triangle of meaning demonstrate?

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE

a. Accent, choice of words, speech rate, and even the apparent age of a speaker can affect a person’s status.

b. Without semantic rules, everyone would use symbols in unique ways and communication would be impossible.

c. Meaning is arbitrary and that it exists in the minds of the users.

d. Through linguistic intergroup bias, which causes people to judge others in their own in-group more favorably and those in an out-group less favorably

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 13

13) The term “speech act” is used by communication theorist to describe

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE: language is rule governed

a. the purpose of the communication episode.

b. that speaking is often a performance.

c. the personal and cultural variations of pragmatic rules.

d. the process by which members of a marginalized group reframe the meaning of a word.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 14

14) The term “suffragette” was first used as a derogatory, condescending term to describe women who marched to get the right to vote, but the feminists embraced the word and used it to emphasize their determination to win. This evolution of the meaning of the term best exemplifies what concept?

Page reference: THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE: language is rule governed

a. repurposing

b. reappropriation

c. linguistic relativism

d. relative words

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 15

15) Language use can reflect a speaker's willingness to take responsibility for his or her statements. Which of the following categories of statements reflects the highest amount of speaker responsibility?

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Reflects Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. “It” statements

b. “They” statements

c. “We” statements

d. “I” statements

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 16

16) One study revealed that voters judge candidates more favorably when they have names that are

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Shapes Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. prestigious and contains a suffix

b. simple, familiar, and easily pronounced

c. unique and exciting

d. powerful, complex, and preferably contains four letters

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 17

17) Linguistic relativism means that ____________.

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Shapes Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. the worldview of a culture is shaped and reflected by the language its members speak

b. a person’s country of origin determines the language its members speak

c. language is determined by the physical structure of vocal apparatus of its speakers

d. speakers of multiple languages tend to speak all of them in relatively the same way

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 18

18) The Inuit have dozens of words for what we typically just call snow. This is an example of

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Shapes Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. emotive language

b. jargon

c. pragmatic rules

d. linguistic relativism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 19

19) One well-known theory that explains how language affects perceptions is called the

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Shapes Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. denotative theory

b. emotive laguage

c. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

d. linguistic intergroup bias

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 20

20) The speaker is accepting the greatest responsibility for the message in which of the following statements?

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Reflects Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. Sometimes you make me so mad.

b. I couldn’t get it done on time.

c. Do you think that’s a good idea?

d. There wasn’t enough time to complete the project.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 21

21) Which of the following factors that can affect how people perceive your status?

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Shapes Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. Accent

b. Choice of words

c. Apparent age of a speaker

d. All of these

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 22

22) Research suggests that many people pass judgment on prospective workers simply on the basis of their

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Shapes Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. experience.

b. title.

c. gender.

d. name.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 23

23) Using the term firefighter rather than fireman is an example of ____________ language.

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Shapes Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. politically incorrect

b. offensive

c. gender-neutral

d. stereotypical

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 24

24) Which of the following statements would researchers classify as being the most powerfully expressed in the U.S.?

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Reflects Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. “Excuse me, but I have a question.”

b. “I have a question.”

c. “I have a question, if you don’t mind.”

d. “I guess I have a question.”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 25

25) People who speak using a combination of “powerful” and “powerless” language are typically more ____________ communicators.

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Reflects Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. authoritative

b. feminine

c. masculine

d. effective

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 26

26) Communicators from cultures that value ____________ tend to use more ambiguous terms, hedges, and disclaimers.

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Reflects Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. saving face

b. individualistic expression

c. evasive language

d. civil discourse

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 27

27) Which of the following is an example of powerless speech?

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Reflects Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. negation

b. hedge words

c. convergence

d. linguistic relativism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 28

28) When we build relationships and demonstrate solidarity with others through language, it’s called

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Reflects Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. Powerful language

b. Jargon

c. Affiliation

d. Slang

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 29

29) Communicators who want to set themselves apart from others adopt the strategy of

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Reflects Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. convergence

b. rejection

c. politeness

d. divergence

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 30

30) When your good friend tells you that you have a tendency to interrupt, you thank him for his constructive criticism. When a new coworker accuses you of monopolizing the conversation, you think silently to yourself, “What a jerk.” The tendency to judge people we like more charitably than people we don’t know well is known as ____________.

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Reflects Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. linguistic intergroup bias

b. perspective taking

c. linguistic relativism

d. stereotyping

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 31

31) ____________ words have more than one correct dictionary definition.

Page reference: TROUBLESOME LANGUAGE

a. Relative

b. Overly abstract

c. Equivocal

d. Jargon

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 32

32) Which of the following are type of evasive language?

Page reference: TROUBLESOME LANGUAGE

a. Inferences and euphemisms

b. Qualifiers and semantics

c. Inferences and equivocation

d. Euphemisms and equivocation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 33

33) Physicians or attorneys who want to establish credibility with their clients might use language to create a sense of distance, a linguistic strategy known as ____________.

Page reference: THE POWER OF LANGUAGE: Language Reflects Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs

a. linguistic relativism

b. convergence

c. divergence

d. linguistic intergroup bias

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 34

34) Fast or slow, small or large, smart or stupid, and short or long are examples of words of what type?

Page reference: TROUBLESOME LANGUAGE

a. Behavioral

b. Equivocal

c. Relative

d. Slang

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 35

35) Terms such as sick and tight may be interpreted by members of one coculture as compliments, but other people are likely to see them as insults. This is because ____________ differ(s) from group to group.

Page reference: TROUBLESOME LANGUAGE

a. relative words

b. denotations

c. slang

d. euphemisms

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 36

36) Kiley tells Luke, “You don’t listen to me anymore.” What still needs to be answered to make the statement a behavioral description?

Page reference: TROUBLESOME LANGUAGE

a. In what circumstances does the behavior occur?

b. Who is involved?

c. What behaviors are involved?

d. Why does the behavior occur?

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 37

37) A behavioral description describes behavior that is ____________.

Page reference: TROUBLESOME LANGUAGE

a. positive

b. negative

c. abstract

d. observable

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 38

38) Why might you use equivocal language?

Page reference: TROUBLESOME LANGUAGE

a. To avoid hurting someone’s feelings

b. To avoid lying

c. To help the receiver save face

d. All of these reasons

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 39

39) When you see Sam with a tie on and you say to yourself, “Sam must have an interview today,” your statement is an example of

Page reference: DISRUPTIVE LANGUAGE

a. stating a fact

b. making an inference.

c. offering an opinion.

d. making a behavioral description

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 40

40) Ben says, “Hawaii is the best vacation spot in the world.” Ethan, who has read reliable data about the subject, says, “Statistics show that more people vacation in Paris than in Hawaii.” The difference between their statements is that Ben’s is ____________, whereas Ethan’s is

Page reference: DISRUPTIVE LANGUAGE

a. semantic; syntactic

b. exhaustive; phonological

c. opinion-based; fact-based

d. precise; semantic

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 41

41) The leader of a political party says a rival political party is “irresponsible because they are destroying the livelihood of millions of Southwestern ranchers with their policies.” An economist not affiliated with any political party cites data saying that the same ranchers “have sustained a 5 percent increase in taxes when purchasing feed.” Which statement best describes how the two statements compare?

Page reference: DISRUPTIVE LANGUAGE

a. Both statements use emotive language.

b. The first statement uses emotive language, and the second is more likely a fact.

c. Both statements are most likely facts.

d. The first statement is evasive language and the second is emotive language.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 42

42) Which of the following is true about how women and men use language?

Page reference: GENDER AND LANGUAGE

a. Women talk more than men.

b. Women interrupt others more frequently in mixed-sex conversations.

c. Both men and women talk frequently about work, movies, and television.

d. Men and women people display more linguistic differences than similarities.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 43

43) Which of the following is true about gendered communication in the area of romance?

Page reference: GENDER AND LANGUAGE

a. Traditional gender roles are no longer prevalent.

b. Gender roles become more moderate as partners get to know each other better.

c. Men judge the success of a date by how well the conversation flowed.

d. Women are more likely to bring up the topic of sex on a first date.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 44

44) Which of the following assertions about gender and communication is false?

Page reference: GENDER AND LANGUAGE

a. Women are socialized to communicate differently than men.

b. Women talk more than men.

c. Men and women often communicate for different reasons.

d. Gendered communication can complicate romance.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 45

45) Research indicates that the notion that men and women communicate in dramatically different ways is ____________.

Page reference: GENDER AND LANGUAGE

a. exaggerated

b. understated

c. biological

d. significant

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 46

46) What factor influences language use much more than biology?

Page reference: GENDER AND LANGUAGE

a. Education

b. Profession

c. Socialization

d. Social status

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 47

47) Which of the following is NOT a strategy for avoiding misunderstandings?

Page reference: DISTUPTIVE LANGUAGE

a. Be careful with euphemisms and equivocations

b. Focus on specific behaviors

c. Use slang and jargon

d. Explain abstract terms

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Question 48

48) When communicators adapt their speech to fit in with others they are adopting the strategy of __________.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Question 49

49) When someone pronounces words differently from the local speech style, we say that they have an _______.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Question 50

50) Words are arbitrary symbols that have no __________ in themselves.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Question 51

51) Dictionaries provide the _________ meanings of words.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Question 52

52) The concept that suggests that people co-create meaning in the process of communicating with each other is called coordinated __________ of meaning.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Question 53

53) An _________ uses a deliberately vague term that can be interpreted in more than one way.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Question 54

54) Terms that only people from a relatively small geographic area use and understand are called ____________.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Question 55

55) Specialized vocabulary used as a kind of shorthand by people with common backgrounds and experience is known as _____________.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Question 56

56) ____________ are pleasant terms substituted for more direct but potentially less pleasant terms.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Question 57

57) A conclusion based on an interpretation of evidence is called a(n) ____________.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 5 Question 58

58) In the United States, because women frequently use conversation to pursue social needs, they are often said to have an affective language style, meaning that their language focuses on ___________.

Type: matching question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 59

59) Drag and drop items on the left to the corresponding item on the right.

Type: matching question

Title: Chapter 5 Question 60

60) Drag and drop items on the left to the corresponding item on the right.