Test Bank Chapter 3 The Self, Perception, And Communication

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 1

1) Self-esteem is best described as

Page reference: COMMMUNICATION AND THE SELF, Self-Concept Defined

a. A person’s evaluation of self-worth.

b. A person’s skills and abilities.

c. A set of perceptions about ourselves.

d. How others view others’ skills and abilities.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 2

2) Adopting different perspectives based on the cultures and situations in which we find ourselves is known as

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT , characteristics of identity management

a. perception checking.

b. attribution.

c. self-serving bias.

d. frame switching.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 3

3) “My greedy landlord is ruining my life. Now that he’s raised my rent to $5000 a month, I don’t know how I’ll afford regular maintenance on my Tesla,” complained Jarrod, whose comment is an example of

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT , @WORK humblebragging in job interviews

a. perception checking.

b. Humblebragging.

c. Attribution.

d. social comparison.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 4

4) The stories people create and use to make sense of their personal worlds are called

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, the power of narratives

a. perceptions.

b. narratives.

c. stereotypes.

d. biases.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 5

5) Judy did not correctly complete a task that her supervisor had given her. Judy’s supervisor attributed the unsatisfactory result to Judy’s failure to listen well or to try hard enough. Judy felt that her errors were due to unclear instructions and to her supervisor’s failure to allow enough time to complete the task. Judy’s explanation is an example of

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, the power of narratives

a. identity management.

b. self-serving bias.

c. social comparison.

d. perception checking.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 6

6) When you use communication strategies to influence others’ perceptions of you, you are engaging in

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT, public and private selves

a. identity management.

b. self-fulfilling prophecy.

c. self-analysis.

d. reflected appraisal.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 7

7) Perceptual tendencies can influence the way we interact with others. All of the following are perceptual tendencies EXCEPT which of the following?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, common perceptual tendencies

a. Empathizing with others

b. Clinging to first impressions

c. Making snap judgements

d. Stereotyping people

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 8

8) Math is your weakest subject. On the first day of college algebra, you tell the student next to you, “I bet I’ll get a D in this course.” At the end of the semester you get a D. This result could be an example of

Page reference: COMMMUNICATION AND THE SELF, self-fulfilling prophecies

a. self-actualization.

b. self-fulfilling prophecy.

c. self-denial.

d. self-motivation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 9

9) You tell a vulgar joke to your co-worker. She becomes offended and files a complaint with her supervisor. Where did you go wrong?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, common perceptual tendencies

a. You assumed similarity between you and your co-worker.

b. You chose to tell a joke that wasn’t funny.

c. You made a snap judgment about your co-worker.

d. You mistook your co-worker’s presenting self for her perceived self.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 10

10) What are the steps in the perception process?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, steps in the perception process

a. Selecting, attending, and interpreting

b. Arranging, processing, and perceiving

c. Organization, interpretation, and communication

d. Selection, organization, and interpretation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 11

11) You self-concept may include any of the following EXCEPT which of the following?

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND THE SELF, self-concept defined

a. Your ethnicity

b. Your appearance

c. Your religious beliefs

d. Your feelings of self-worth

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 12

12) Researchers estimate that we inherit what percentage of our personality traits?

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND THE SELF, personality and the self

a. 10%

b. 20%

c. 40%

d. Heredity does not determine personality.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 13

13) Even though he is terrible at soccer, Aaron’s parents constantly praise his abilities on the field and encourage him to join the soccer team. So, Aaron joins the soccer team. Using your understanding of reflected appraisal, decide which of the following best explains Aaron’s reason for joining the soccer team.

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND THE SELF, external influence on the self-concept

a. Aaron has high self-esteem.

b. Aaron actually viewed himself as being a good soccer player.

c. Aaron wanted to please his parents.

d. Aaron wanted to appear like he was a good soccer player to his parents.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 14

14) Which of the following is true about reflected appraisal?

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND THE SELF, external influence on the self-concept

a. Reflected appraisal can have both positive and negative effects on the development of the self.

b. Reflected appraisal can only have positive effects on the development of the self.

c. As we grow older, significant others have a greater influence on our reflected appraisal.

d. Comparing ourselves to others reflects their appraisal of our identity.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 15

15) After watching models on the Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show, Courtney feels bad about her appearance and begins an unhealthy diet. Her respond is likely due to which of the following processes?

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND THE SELF, external influence on the self-concept

a. Reflected appraisal

b. Social comparison

c. Self-fulfilling prophecy

d. Perception checking

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 16

16) Lisa doesn’t see herself as being very smart. When she received an A on her history exam, she brushed it off as “dumb luck.” What is the most likely explanation for Lisa’s response?

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND THE SELF, external influence on the self-concept

a. Lisa is explaining the situation so that it fits her self-concept.

b. Lisa is trying to manage her identity.

c. Lisa has low self-esteem.

d. Lisa is engaging in a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 17

17) Wei, a Chinese American, interviewed for a job at a large corporation in Beijing. When asked to describe his accomplishments, he downplayed them, hoping that the interviewer would read his resume and view him as highly accomplished but also humble. Wei’s communication in the interview was likely the result of

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND THE SELF, culture and the self-concept

a. social comparison.

b. low self-esteem.

c. reflected appraisal.

d. cultural assumptions.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 18

18) When a person’s expectations of an outcome, and subsequent behavior, cause the outcome to occur, it is called

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND THE SELF, self-fulfilling prophecies

a. self-fulfilling prophecy.

b. self-efficacy.

c. self-serving bias.

d. self-determination.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 19

19) Which of the statements below best encapsulates self-fulfilling prophecy?

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND THE SELF, self-fulfilling prophecies

a. Thinking positively always results in positive outcomes while thinking negatively always results in negative outcomes.

b. When you expect positive outcomes, it will result in negative outcomes.

c. Expecting a positive outcome causes you to engage in actions, behavior, or thoughts that influence a positive outcome.

d. Positive expectations and positive behavior predict positive outcomes.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 20

20) Jeff is invited to a party at his best friend’s house. Jeff does not like parties and would prefer not to go. However, it’s his friend’s birthday, and he knows that his friend will be mad if he doesn’t show up. Still, he expects that he will have a horrible time. Using your understanding of self-fulfilling prophecy, choose the scenario that best predicts how Jeff will handle this situation.

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND THE SELF, self-fulfilling prophecies

a. Jeff will go to the party, sit by himself on the couch all night, and have a miserable time.

b. Jeff will go to the party, socialize with his friends, and have a good time.

c. Jeff will not go to the party and instead take his friend out to a nice dinner later in the week.

d. Jeff will stay home and watch a movie.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 21

21) One experiment showed that if teachers believe that students in their class are academically gifted, whether they are or not, the students performed better on tests than students who were not identified as “gifted.” Directly or indirectly, the teachers had communicated the message, “I think you’re bright” to the selected students. What principle of self does this experiment demonstrate?

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND THE SELF, self-fulfilling prophecies

a. Stereotyping

b. Assuming similarity

c. Self-fulfilling prophecy

d. Self-realization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 22

22) Anytime you experience something new, like moving to a new city or enter a room full of people you don’t know, you are sorting out and making sense of the new stimuli. This process is known as the

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, steps in the perception process

a. identity management process.

b. process of elimination.

c. identification process.

d. perception process.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 23

23) In the selection stage of the perception process, you are more likely to pay attention to

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, steps in the perception process

a. slight changes in the behaviors of your friends.

b. a loud boom in an otherwise quiet building.

c. people who are happy and smiling.

d. low conversations in a crowded room.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 24

24) Which of the following is NOT a factor in the selection stage of the perception process?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, steps in the perception process

a. Personal goals

b. Changes in stimulation

c. Your emotional state

d. Interpretation of the stimuli

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 25

25) Incorrectly thinking that a person's frown indicates their disapproval of you is a problem of which step in the perception process?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, steps in the perception process

a. Selection

b. Organization

c. Recognition

d. Interpretation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 26

26) When you are shown an optical illusion like a vase that also looks like two faces in profile or a picture of a young person that also can look like an old person, you are using which step in the perception process to determine what you see?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, steps in the perception process

a. Selection

b. Organization

c. Interpretation

d. Information

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 27

27) Which of the following is NOT one of the factors listed in the text that affects the way we interpret another’s behavior?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, steps in the perception process

a. Self-awareness

b. Knowledge of others

c. Degree of familiarity

d. Personal expectations

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 28

28) In which of the following scenarios would your interpretation likely be affected by your personal experience?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, steps in the perception process

a. If you go into a conversation expecting a hostile attitude, you’re more likely to hear a negative tone in the other person’s voice.

b. If a friend hurts your feelings, you are more likely to forgive and forget if you are generally happy in the relationship.

c. If landlords have unfairly charged you in the past, you might be sceptical about an apartment manager’s assurances of refunding your cleaning deposit.

d. You may regard people you just met as less friendly, stable, or conscientious than people you know well.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 29

29) Which of the following is a physiological factor that can affect perception and communication?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, influences on perception

a. Halo effect

b. Implicit bias

c. Gendered expectations

d. Nutritional health

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 30

30) The idea that gender is a multidimensional collection of qualities rather than a set of “masculine” or “feminine” behaviors is embodied in which of the following ideas?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, influences on perception

a. A gender matrix

b. Gendered expectations

c. Sex

d. Genderlects

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 31

31) Which idea is defined by our unconsciously held associations about a social group which can affect how we judge others?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, influences on perception

a. Cultural influences

b. Implicit bias

c. Attributions

d. Snap judgements

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 32

32) Which of the following is NOT an influence on perception discussed in the text?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, influences on perception

a. Mass media

b. Physiology

c. Stereotypes

d. Relational roles

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 33

33) In the study of communication, narratives

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, the power of narratives

a. lead only to disagreement and misunderstanding.

b. are designed to teach us a lesson through example.

c. prevent us from understanding another person’s behaviour.

d. offer a framework for explaining behavior and shaping future communication.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 34

34) Which of the following is an accurate statement about first impressions?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, common perceptual tendencies

a. First impressions are a way of stereotyping others and a means for controlling our environment.

b. The impressions we develop when we first meet a person never change.

c. Our first impressions cause others to behave in ways that fit our expectations.

d. First impressions are not useful and have little impact on the way we respond to people.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 35

35) One study found that 74% of people who notice spelling and grammar errors on a website will avoid doing business with that company. This reaction exemplifies the power of

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, common perceptual tendencies

a. overgeneralization.

b. snap judgements.

c. mediated communication.

d. identity management.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 36

36) Which of the following is suggested as a way to avoid categorizing people?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, common perceptual tendencies

a. Admit that stereotypes are based on small nuggets of truth.

b. Keep in mind that someone’s most noticeable characteristics are the most important.

c. Appreciate others as unique individuals instead of assuming they are defined by membership in a particular group.

d. Assume others are similar to you, with similar ideas and characteristics.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 37]

37) What is negativity bias?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, common perceptual tendencies

a. The tendency to judge others more favorably than we judge ourselves.

b. A form of bias that overgeneralizes positive or negative traits.

c. Clinging to first impressions.

d. The tendency to focus more on negative impressions than on positive ones.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 38

38) Gretchen got high marks on her midterm exam in her Mass Communications class, so the teacher gave her an “A” on the final exam without even reading it. This response is an illustration what effect?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, common perceptual tendencies

a. Horns effect

b. Halo effect

c. COMM effect

d. Narrative effect

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 39

39) Overgeneralizing others in an unfairly negative light on the basis of a single negative trait or experience is known as the

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, common perceptual tendencies

a. fundamental attribution error.

b. Halo effect.

c. Horns effect.

d. negativity bias.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 40

40) Ben has been listening to rock music all day long, and it is starting to upset his roommate, Greg. Greg wants Ben to turn off the music. At this moment, though, Ben needs the music to study for his midterm. Both men want to successfully resolve this issue. To do this, Greg and Ben will have to

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, empathy, perception, and communication

a. lower their expectations.

b. have greater empathy for each other.

c. exhibit greater commitment to the friendship.

d. communicate more.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 41

41) Which of the following is an example of a complete perception check?

Page reference: PERCEIVING OTHERS, empathy, perception, and communication

a. “I wonder whether something is bothering you or whether you’re just feeling quiet. What’s up?

b. “You said you really liked the job I did, but there was something about your voice that made me think you did not like it. Maybe it’s just my imagination.”

c. “You haven’t dropped by lately, and I’m not sure if it’s because of me. Is anything the matter?”

d. “You didn’t call me back after we had that argument. I wasn’t sure if you were busy or if you were upset with me. Why didn’t you call?”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 42

42) Debbie volunteers for a local non-profit organization and makes annual donations to a number of charities. She does this to show people her selfless and giving nature. Moreover, Debbie believes herself to be a good person, not because she actually thinks she is a good person, but because others admire her for her work. Debbie’s beliefs about herself exemplify the concept of

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT , public and private selves

a. ideal self.

b. reflective self.

c. face.

d. perceived self.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 43

43) Another word for your presenting self is

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT, public and private selves

a. face.

b. script.

c. identity.

d. frame.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 44

44) Which of the following is true about self-esteem and social media?

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT, public and private selves

a. Face-to-face communication is more meaning than social media in terms of boosting self-esteem.

b. Self-esteem is raised when people engage in “trophy hunting,” finding the perfect photo to post online.

c. Text-based interactions (tweets, texts, emails) often contribute to self-esteem more than face-to-face communication.

d. College students who accept their own strengths and weaknesses are less likely to show their true selves on social media.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 45

45) The ability to construct multiple identities is one element of which skill?

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT, characteristics of identity management

a. Empathy

b. Communication competence

c. Emotional intelligence

d. Self-esteem

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 46

46) When we say identity management is collaborative, what does that mean?

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT, characteristics of identity management

a. You will modify your identity in response to the other’s behavior.

b. You will communicate an identity that is different from the other person’s.

c. You will work with others to create a socially appropriate identity.

d. You will work together to reach an agreement on how their identities should mesh.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 3 Question 47

47) Which of the following best characterizes a low self-monitor?

Page reference: COMMUNICATION AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT, characteristics of identity management

a. Low self-monitors need to impress others.

b. Low self-monitors need to be themselves.

c. Low self-monitors are socially adept.

d. Low self-monitors watch what they say.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 3 - Question 48

48) To maintain “face,” we engage in _______ tasks to manage our own identity and to communicate in ways that reinforce the identities that others are trying to present.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 3 - Question 49

49) The influence of others on the way we think about ourselves is known as reflected _______.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 3 - Question 50

50) Once you have selected and organized your perceptions, the next step in the process is _______.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 3 - Question 51

51) A person’s developmental stage, their health and nutrition, or their biological cycles are all ___________ factors which can influence their perception and communication.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 3 - Question 52

52) ________ are widely held but oversimplified or inaccurate ideas tied to social categorizations.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 3 - Question 53

53) A parent telling her daughter, “Don’t act like that; it’s not ladylike,” is a form of stereotyping called ________ expectations.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 3 - Question 54

54) Remarks which seem casual at first but are actually hurtful, especially when directed at a member of a marginalized group, are called _________.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 3 - Question 55

55) Some of the greatest obstacles to understanding arise from __________, which is the process of attaching meaning to behavior, your own behavior and the behavior of others.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 3 - Question 56

56) __________ are habitual, reflexive ways of behaving developed over time.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 3- Question 57

57) People tend to favor characteristics and ideas that are similar to their own; this tendency is referred to as gravitating to the __________.

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 3- Question 58

58) Leah thinks she is a good singer; her parents have always told her so, but when she entered a singing contest, she came in last place. Researchers would use the term _______ mirror to describe the gap between her self-perception and a more objective assessment.

Type: matching question

Title: Chapter 3 - Question 59

59) Drag and drop items on the left to the corresponding item on the right.

Type: matching question

Title: Chapter 3 - Question 60

60) Drag and drop items on the left to the corresponding item on the right.

Type: matching question

Title: Chapter 3 - Question 61

61) Drag and drop items on the left to the corresponding item on the right.