Full Test Bank Sexuality And Gender Chapter 11 14th Edition

Student name:__________

1) ________ are defined as the set of expectations, defined by a particular society, that indicate what is appropriate behavior for men and women.

A) Gender roles
B) Gender schemas
C) Gender stereotypes
D) Gender scripts

2) Saanvi is as good as her brother at math. However, her family thinks that she should study English or French in college, while her brother should study engineering. According to her family, math might get too tough for her. Saanvi's family's attitude exemplifies

A) hostile sexism.
B) gender stereotyping.
C) gender equity.
D) internalized sexism.

3) In which part of the world is gender equality the highest?

A) Australia and New Zealand
B) Bahamas
C) Iceland
D) Canada

4) On an average, in the United States, women overall earn about ________ for every dollar that men earn.

A) $0.51
B) $0.95
C) $1.10
D) $0.82

5) The ________ is the term for unstated but real barriers within an organization that prevent women from being promoted beyond a certain level because of gender discrimination.

A) glass cliff
B) revolving door
C) glass ceiling
D) gray ceiling

6) A movie portrays the male lead as a police officer and the female lead as a secretary in the police department. In the context of gender roles, such casting of lead characters illustrates

A) gender identification.
B) symbolic interactionism.
C) gender neutrality.
D) gender stereotypes.

7) The female protagonist of a novel starts her own software business in partnership with two of her female friends. The male protagonist works as a nurse at the local hospital. From this information, one can infer that the novel does not conform to

A) gender identification.
B) symbolic interactionism.
C) gender neutrality.
D) gender stereotypes.

8) Which of the following is true of sexual harassment?

A) It is limited to the workplace.
B) It starts when women join college.
C) It begins as early as middle school.
D) It is limited to girls and women.

9) Benevolent sexism refers to

A) a mental framework that organizes and guides a child's understanding of information relevant to gender.
B) unwanted sexual attention or explicit coercion to engage in unwanted sexual activity.
C) attitudes relating to gender that appear on the surface to be beneficial to women but are, in reality, harmful.
D) the creation of unstated but real barriers within an organization that prevent women from being promoted beyond a certain level.

10) Often, we compliment a female professional's appearance; we rarely compliment a male professional's appearance. This exemplifies ________ sexism.

A) benign
B) benevolent
C) beneficent
D) malevolent

11) Barry, the head of a finance organization, employed Abby based on her physical appearance and made sure she was assigned only simple tasks. However, this weakened Abby's real ability to perform at work. This exemplifies ________ sexism.

A) benign
B) benevolent
C) beneficent
D) malevolent

12) When does the male-female difference in the level of aggression become apparent?

A) at birth
B) by age two
C) by middle childhood
D) by early adolescence

13) Which of the following is TRUE of potential gender differences in self-esteem?

A) Men generally have higher self-esteem than do women.
B) Men and women base their self-esteem on identical things.
C) In general, men evaluate themselves more harshly than women.
D) Women's self-esteem stems more from their assessment of their unique characteristics and abilities than men's.

14) Which of the following statements is TRUE of personality factors that affect gender differences?

A) Generally, men experience greater guilt about their aggressiveness than women and are more concerned about its effects on their victims.
B) Men are generally better than women at decoding others' facial expressions.
C) Women's self-esteem is influenced primarily by their perception of their sense of interdependence and connection with others.
D) In general, men evaluate themselves more harshly than women.

15) Which of the following statements is true of men's and women's speech?

A) Men more often add qualifiers at the end of an opinion than women do.
B) Women more often raise their pitch at the end of a sentence than men do.
C) Women look at their partners for about the same length of time while listening and speaking.
D) Men are generally better than women at decoding others' facial expressions.

16) Women's speech patterns comprise tentative language. What is the impact of using tentative language on the way women are perceived?

A) They are judged to be more open-minded.
B) They are judged to be less competent.
C) They are taken more seriously.
D) They are perceived as team workers.

17) Identify the accurate statement regarding verbal and nonverbal behavior of men.

A) In conversations with people of the other sex, men look at their partners about the same length of time while listening and speaking.
B) Men raise their pitch at the end of a sentence and add "tags" at the end of an opinion rather than stating the opinion outright.
C) In conversations with people of the other sex, men look at their partners significantly more while listening than while speaking.
D) Speech patterns of men lead others to view them as more tentative and less assertive.

18) Which of the following conclusions is probably most reasonable regarding gender differences in cognition?

A) Gender differences in cognition are large and pervasive.
B) Gender differences in cognition are nonexistent.
C) Gender differences in cognition are minimal, showing up in only a few specific tasks.
D) Gender differences in cognition aren't real; they are just stereotypes.

19) Females are often thought to outshine males on verbal tasks. What does contemporary empirical evidence have to say about this notion?

A) It's a myth—there's basically no difference between men and women in verbal performance.
B) It's pretty much a myth—the difference between men and women in verbal performance is as small as the difference seen on math tasks.
C) It's real—women outscore men on tests of verbal ability by a long shot.
D) It may be a myth—no one has examined the idea empirically.

20) Hines, Fink, and Alexander studied a group of children whose mothers unknowingly took drugs containing androgen, a hormone, prior to their birth. They related this concentration of the hormone to the play preferences of the same children. Which of the following alternatives best expresses the results of the study?

A) For boys, androgen was positively related to male-typical play preferences. For girls, androgen was negatively related to male-typical play preferences.
B) For boys, androgen was positively related to male-typical play preferences. For girls, androgen was unrelated to play preferences.
C) For either boys or girls, androgen was unrelated to play preferences.
D) For both boys and girls, androgen was positively related to male-typical play preferences.

21) Research suggests that levels of the female hormone estrogen are ________ correlated with performance on verbal tasks and ________ correlated with performance on spatial tasks.

A) positively; negatively
B) negatively; positively
C) positively; positively
D) negatively; negatively

22) Dr. Carpenter proposes an experiment in which female participants will complete a verbal-analogy task and a spatial-relations task at two points during their menstrual cycle: Phase A, when estrogen levels are low; and Phase B, when estrogen levels are high. Based on existing research, what might Dr. Carpenter hypothesize?

A) Menstrual phase should have little effect on participants' performance on either the verbal or the spatial task.
B) Participants should perform more poorly on both tasks during Phase B than during Phase A.
C) Participants' performance on both tasks should be higher during Phase B than during Phase A.
D) Participants' performance on the verbal task should be higher during Phase B than during Phase A; their performance on the spatial task should be lower in Phase B than in Phase A.

23) Which of the following statements is TRUE about gender differences in romantic jealousy?

A) Men are more likely to become jealous when a female partner is sexually unfaithful than when she develops a close friendship with another man.
B) Men are more likely to become jealous when a female partner develops a close friendship with another man than when she is sexually unfaithful.
C) Women are more likely to become jealous when a male partner is sexually unfaithful than when he develops a close friendship with another woman.
D) Men are not likely to be jealous of a female partner's sexual life and close friendships with other men.

24) ________ is the process by which an individual learns the rules and norms of appropriate behavior.

A) Inhibition
B) Socialization
C) Feminism
D) Ethnocentrism

25) The social learning approach argues that gender differences in thought and behavior reflect the influence of

A) parents.
B) race.
C) religion.
D) income.

26) The influence of formal education as an agent of gender socialization

A) is pronounced only in elementary school.
B) continues even during the college years.
C) is minimal at best.
D) tends to work to the advantage of females by the time one gets to college.

27) A ________ refers to a mental framework that organizes and guides a child's understanding of information relevant to gender.

A) gray ceiling
B) gender schema
C) glass ceiling
D) glass cliff

28) Ten-year-old Rowan does not play softball because he thinks it is a girls' sport. Which of the following would have helped Rowan make this evaluation?

A) gray ceiling
B) feminism
C) gender schema
D) glass cliff

29) Male sex hormones secreted by the testes at puberty are known as

A) estrogen.
B) genitals.
C) androgens.
D) progesterone.

30) The male and female sex organs are known as

A) genitals.
B) androgens.
C) progesterone.
D) estrogen.

31) Which of the following hormones produces secondary sex characteristics in men?

A) progesterone
B) androgen
C) estrogen
D) adrenaline

32) Which of the following statements is true of androgens?

A) Their production starts within a year of birth.
B) They increase the sex drive.
C) Their production is cyclic.
D) They are responsible for producing primary sex characteristics at birth.

33) Men are capable of sexual activities without any regard to biological cycles because

A) they are able to develop an erection even during the refractory period of sexual responsiveness.
B) all areas of their body automatically produce sexual arousal when touched.
C) they have the ability to cycle back to the orgasm phase and experience repeated orgasms.
D) the level of androgen production by the testes is fairly constant.

34) Which of the following statements is TRUE of the production of androgen and estrogen?

A) Androgen is produced by testes, and estrogen is produced by ovaries.
B) The production of androgen follows a cyclical pattern, whereas the production of estrogen follows a noncyclical pattern.
C) Androgen is produced from birth, whereas estrogen is produced after menopause.
D) In nonhumans, the production of androgens decreases the male sex drive, whereas the production of estrogens increases the female sex drive.

35) The production of estrogens starts

A) at birth.
B) at puberty.
C) within a year of birth.
D) during pregnancy.

36) Which of the following is TRUE of women?

A) The production of sex hormones in women follows a cyclical pattern.
B) The levels of estrogen and progesterone production in females are consistent.
C) In humans, the period around ovulation is the only time the female is receptive to sex, whereas nonhumans are different.
D) In females, all areas of the body automatically produce sexual arousal when touched.

37) In the context of sexual behavior, which of the following is true of humans?

A) Biological factors are usually enough to produce sexual behavior in humans.
B) Humans can be turned on sexually with things such as the smell of perfume because of prior associations.
C) The sexual arousal in human males is governed by the cyclical patterns of the release of androgens.
D) Only the presence of a partner who provides arousing stimuli leads to sexual activity in humans.

38) The body's erogenous zones

A) automatically produce sexual arousal when touched.
B) are especially sensitive to touch.
C) help genitals resume their size after the last of sexual arousal.
D) reverse the changes brought about by sexual arousal.

39) Which of the following statements is TRUE about sexual fantasies?

A) Most people don't have sexual fantasies during their everyday nonsexual activities.
B) Most people fantasize about having sex with a different partner while they are having intercourse.
C) The number of women who fantasize about sex is more than the number of men who fantasize about sex.
D) The number of women who wish that they kissed more is greater than the number of men who wish that they kissed more.

40) Among both men and women, one of the most common sexual fantasies involves

A) forcing another person to have sex.
B) being forced to have sex.
C) anal sex.
D) oral sex.

41) The initial studies of the human response cycle were conducted by

A) Alfred Kinsey.
B) William Masters and Virginia Johnson.
C) Alfred Kinsey and William Masters.
D) Alfred Kinsey and Virginia Johnson.

42) Which alternative below best describes the method used in Masters's and Johnson's pioneering sexual response cycle research?

A) archival research
B) survey technique
C) naturalistic observation
D) controlled laboratory research

43) Which sequence correctly orders the phases of the human sexual response cycle, from first to last?

A) excitement → plateau → orgasm → resolution
B) excitement → resolution → plateau → orgasm
C) plateau → excitement → orgasm → resolution
D) plateau → resolution → excitement → orgasm

44) The period in which an arousing stimulus begins a sequence that prepares the genitals for sexual intercourse is called the ________ phase.

A) orgasm
B) excitement
C) plateau
D) ejaculation

45) During the excitement phase of sexual responsiveness in the female, the clitoris swells because

A) the body prepares itself for the next stage, orgasm.
B) the maximum level of arousal is attained.
C) muscular contractions release semen.
D) of an increase in the blood supply to that area.

46) Lana and Mark are having sex. Mark's penis has become erect, and Lana's vagina has become lubricated. She is also getting a red rash that is spreading over her chest and her throat. Which of the following phases of sexual responsiveness is epitomized in this scenario?

A) orgasm
B) excitement phase
C) plateau phase
D) ejaculation

47) During which of the following phases of sexual responsiveness do the penis and the clitoris swell with blood?

A) refractory period
B) resolution stage
C) plateau phase
D) ejaculation

48) Amelia is having sexual intercourse with her husband; her breasts and vagina are expanding, and her breathing rate has increased. Also, her muscle tension is increasing as she is preparing for an orgasm. Amelia is in the middle of which of the following phases of sexual responsiveness?

A) refractory period
B) resolution stage
C) ejaculation
D) plateau phase

49) The peak of sexual excitement during which rhythmic muscular contractions occur in the genitals is known as the

A) orgasm stage.
B) resolution stage.
C) refractory period.
D) excitement phase.

50) In the male, during the ________, rhythmic muscular contractions expel semen, a fluid containing sperm.

A) refractory period
B) resolution stage
C) ejaculation process
D) inhibited ejaculation process

51) In the context of the human sexual response cycle, breathing and heart rates reach their maximum for both men and women during

A) the excitement stage.
B) the orgasm stage.
C) the resolution stage.
D) the refractory stage.

52) In the context of the sexual response cycle for men and women, which of the following occurs during the resolution stage?

A) Rhythmic muscular contractions occur in the genitals.
B) Breathing and heart rates reach their maximum.
C) The genitals resume their unaroused size and shape.
D) Muscle tension becomes great as the body prepares for orgasm.

53) During the refractory period,

A) males cannot develop an erection.
B) males reach the peak of sexual excitement.
C) the male body prepares for orgasm.
D) the male genitals swell and become erect.

54) Which of the following is TRUE of sexual responsiveness in females?

A) In humans, the period around ovulation is the only time the female is receptive to sex.
B) During the plateau phase, in the female, genitals resume their unaroused size and shape.
C) During the excitement phase, in the female, the clitoris contracts because of an increase in the blood supply to that area.
D) Women have the ability to cycle back to the orgasm phase and experience repeated orgasms.

55) Derek has had an orgasm and is unable to have another one just yet. His fiancée, Emma, however, has not had an orgasm yet. Her heart rate and blood pressure are rising, but at a slowing rate. In addition, the muscles in her vagina are tightening. According to the human sexual response cycle, Derek is in the ________, while Emma is in the ________.

A) refractory period; excitement phase
B) refractory period; plateau phase
C) plateau phase; excitement phase
D) plateau phase; resolution phase

56) Female circumcision

A) is no longer practiced.
B) involves removing the clitoris.
C) is legal in the United States.
D) increases sexual pleasure.

57) Sexual behavior is abnormal if it is

A) exciting.
B) harmful.
C) unusual.
D) illegal.

58) Pioneering investigations of human sexual behavior were conducted in the 1930s by

A) Alfred Kinsey.
B) Virginia Johnson.
C) William Masters.
D) Albert Bandura.

59) Kinsey's early studies of human sexual behavior exemplify the ________ research technique.

A) observational
B) survey
C) archival
D) experimental

60) The research methods Kinsey used in his pioneering studies allowed him to

A) describe human sexual behavior.
B) discover the causes of sexually transmitted infections.
C) specify the causes of sexual behaviors and practices.
D) use highly representative samples.

61) Sexual self-stimulation is known as

A) ejaculation.
B) resolution.
C) masturbation.
D) circumcision.

62) Which of the following statements is TRUE of masturbation?

A) Masturbation is one of the most frequently practiced sexual activities.
B) African-American men and women masturbate more than Caucasian men.
C) Masturbation leads to feelings of guilt and is considered unhealthy.
D) Female masturbation is most common in early teens and then declines, whereas males both begin and reach a maximum frequency later.

63) Identify a true statement about masturbation.

A) People engage in masturbation only if no other sexual outlet is available.
B) Married men do not masturbate.
C) Masturbation is a healthy and harmless sexual activity.
D) Women rarely, if ever, engage in masturbation.

64) Sexual attraction and behavior directed to the other sex is known as

A) homosexuality.
B) heterosexuality.
C) bisexuality.
D) transsexualism.

65) In the context of sex, which of the following refers to the "double standard"?

A) Premarital sex is wrong.
B) Women are not expected to enjoy sex.
C) Premarital sex is permissible for males but not for females.
D) Extramarital sex is permissible for males and for females.

66) In the 1970s, a majority of American adults indicated that premarital sex was ________; now, a majority says that it is ________.

A) always wrong; acceptable
B) always wrong; always wrong
C) acceptable; always wrong
D) acceptable; acceptable

67) Since 1970, the proportion of women engaging in premarital sex has

A) remained the same.
B) doubled.
C) declined.
D) tripled.

68) From the 1970s to the 2010s, which of the following is true of the trend observed for people engaging in premarital sex?

A) The number of women and men engaging in premarital sex has stayed the same.
B) Men have shown an increase in the incidence of premarital sexual intercourse.
C) Fewer women have been engaging in premarital sexual activity.
D) The average age of men's first sexual experience has been rising steadily.

69) Which of the following views has succeeded the double standard by which premarital sex is thought to be more permissible for men than for women?

A) permissiveness without affection
B) permissiveness with affection
C) symbolic interactionism
D) structural functionalism

70) "Permissiveness with affection" means that

A) premarital sex is permissible for men and women if it occurs in the context of a loving relationship.
B) unrestricted premarital sex is acceptable for men, but that among women, premarital sex is acceptable only if it takes place in a loving relationship.
C) unrestricted premarital sex is acceptable for both men and women.
D) premarital sex is sometimes permissible for men, but not for women.

71) In the context of premarital sex, to what extent do we find cross-cultural variability in its incidence on one hand and its acceptability on the other?

A) There is little cross-cultural variability in either the incidence or the acceptability of premarital sex.
B) There is little cross-cultural variability in the incidence of premarital sex, but substantial cross-cultural variability in its acceptability.
C) There is substantial cross-cultural variability in the incidence of premarital sex, but little cross-cultural variability in its acceptability.
D) There is substantial cross-cultural variability in both the incidence and the acceptability of premarital sex.

72) Charlotte and Robert are a married couple in their late 60s. All else being equal, which of the following statements probably best captures their sex life?

A) They have sex about once a week and find it satisfying.
B) They have sex about once a month and find it unsatisfying.
C) They have sex about once a month and find it satisfying.
D) They have sex a few times a year and find it unsatisfying.

73) Stacy and Bob have been married for 15 years. Of late, Stacy has been spending a lot of time with her neighbor Sam. She is attracted to Sam and has been thinking about having sexual intercourse with him. In the given scenario, Stacy is contemplating

A) a transsexual relationship.
B) a intersex relationship.
C) premarital sex.
D) extramarital sex.

74) People who are sexually attracted to members of their own sex are called

A) transsexuals.
B) heterosexuals.
C) hermaphrodites.
D) homosexuals.

75) Aaron, an adolescent boy, is a junior in high school. Most of his friends like to watch the girls' cheerleading team, but Aaron does not have any interest in girls. He likes to watch the school's boys' football team play as he has a crush on the team captain. Aaron is most likely

A) bisexual.
B) homosexual.
C) heterosexual.
D) transsexual.

76) Olivia, a senior in college, has been in a relationship with her boyfriend for two years. Olivia meets Eva, a new girl in her mathematics class, whom she finds very attractive. Olivia feels sexually attracted to Eva. However, she also feels sexually attracted to her boyfriend. In the given scenario, Olivia is most likely

A) heterosexual.
B) homosexual.
C) bisexual.
D) transsexual.

77) According to Alfred Kinsey, heterosexuality and homosexuality are best thought of as

A) opposite ends of a continuum.
B) discrete categories.
C) orthogonal dimensions.
D) meaningless labels.

78) According to the potential genetic basis of homosexuality, studies of identical twins have revealed that when one twin self-identifies as gay or lesbian

A) the other twin is no more likely to self-identify as gay or lesbian than is a random member of the population.
B) the other twin is more likely to self-identify as gay or lesbian than is a random member of the population, but only when the twins were raised together.
C) the other twin is more likely to self-identify as gay or lesbian than is a random member of the population, even when the twins were raised apart.
D) the other twin is actually slightly less likely to self-identify as gay or lesbian than is a random member of the population.

79) Brain structures that may differ somewhat in gay men from those in straight men include the

A) anterior hypothalamus.
B) medulla
C) cerebellum.
D) optic tectum.

80) Compared with heterosexual men or women, gay men have a ________, which is a bundle of neurons connecting the right and left hemispheres of the brain.

A) smaller anterior commissure
B) larger anterior commissure
C) larger medulla
D) larger optic tectum

81) According to the learning theory, which of the following situations is likely to determine sexual orientation?

A) David's biological mother is homosexual.
B) Adrian has been brought up by homosexual parents.
C) Stuart's mother took diethylstilbestrol when she was pregnant with him.
D) Leena had a very bad heterosexual experience as an adolescent.

82) Why might we be skeptical of learning-theory accounts of homosexuality?

A) Society punishes homosexuality more than it rewards it.
B) Gays, lesbians, and bisexuals generally are not able to enjoy the same quality of mental and physical health that heterosexuals do.
C) It seems unreasonable to assume that a combination of biological and environmental factors determines sexual orientation.
D) There is no relationship between sexual orientation and psychological adjustment.

83) Daniel was born a boy. As a child, he liked wearing skirts and dresses. As an adolescent, Daniel feels that his body is all wrong for him. He feels like a girl inside and wants his parents and friends to call him Daniella. In the given scenario, Daniel is most likely a(n) ________ individual.

A) intersex
B) transgender
C) heterosexual
D) homosexual

84) Which of the following statements is true of an intersex person?

A) They generally wish to be referred to as "she."
B) They have male bodies but view their gender identity as female.
C) Their genitals make their sexual identity ambiguous.
D) They are sexually attracted to people of the same sex and the other sex.

85) Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship between transgendered person and an intersex person?

A) Both are the same thing; the terms are interchangeable.
B) A transgendered person has neither male or female sex organs whereas an inter sex person has male or female sex organs, but their gender identity is the opposite.
C) An intersex person has neither male or female sex organs whereas a transgendered person has male or female sex organs, but their gender identity is the opposite.
D) An intersex person has an atypical combination of male or female sex organs or chromosomes or gene patterns whereas a transgendered person has a gender identity that is opposite of their biological sex organs.

86) The act by which one person forces another person to submit to sexual activity is termed

A) masturbation.
B) rape.
C) intersex.
D) double standard.

87) Identify a true statement about rape.

A) The primary motivation behind rape is the need for sex.
B) Women across all segments of society are at the same risk for rape.
C) Only about one-third of rapes and sexual assaults are reported to police.
D) Rapists are almost always people the victims do not know well.

88) Which of the following sequences best reflects the relative frequency with which American women of different racial or ethnic backgrounds experience rape, from the most to the least frequent?

A) black women → Latino women → non-Latino white women
B) black women → non-Latino white women → Latino women
C) latino women → non-Latino white women → black women
D) non-Latino white women → Latino women → black women

89) Which of the following is TRUE of rape?

A) Rape is not considered a form of crime.
B) Rape is a rare crime, which is committed only by strangers.
C) A rapist uses sexual behavior to show his rage at women in general.
D) Rape does not include a female forcing a male into sexual activities without his consent.

90) Identify a true statement about the sexual abuse of children.

A) It is usually committed by a relative or acquaintance.
B) In most instances, the abuser is a male homosexual.
C) Abusers are usually 5 to 10 years older than the victims.
D) The most vulnerable age for being molested is between the ages of 2 and 6.

91) Which of the following statements is TRUE of sexual abuse of children?

A) In most cases, the abuse is carried out by a stranger.
B) Homosexual males are especially likely to abuse children.
C) The abuser is usually about 20 years older than the victim.
D) The victims of childhood sexual abuse are more likely to become sexual abusers themselves.

92) Nine-year-old Sarah is sexually abused by her 33-year-old stepfather. In the long term, she is most likely to

A) become a sexual abuser herself.
B) turn to substance abuse.
C) sexually abuse females.
D) become a homosexual.

93) One of the reasons for the United States having the highest rate of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of all the economically developed countries in the world is that

A) people do not talk about sex as frankly as do people in other developed nations.
B) children receive much more sex education than do children in other developed nations.
C) it is no longer possible to restrict the spread of STIs using contraceptive measures such as condoms.
D) people engage in too much premarital and extramarital sex.

94) In the United States, the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that spreads through vaginal, anal, or oral sex is

A) trichomoniasis.
B) genital herpes.
C) human papilloma virus (HPV).
D) acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

95) If chlamydia is left untreated, it can lead to

A) the destruction of the body's immune system.
B) brain damage and can cause severe damage to a developing fetus.
C) pelvic inflammation, urethral damage, arthritis, and sterility.
D) genital warts and cervical cancer.

96) Which of the following is TRUE of genital herpes?

A) There is no cure for the infection of genital herpes.
B) Genital herpes can be cured with antibiotics, most often azithromycin or doxycycline.
C) Genital herpes is found primarily in gay men.
D) Genital herpes is a disease which does not produce symptoms in women.

97) Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is caused by a parasite?

A) trichomoniasis
B) chlamydia
C) gonorrhea
D) syphilis

98) Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is becoming difficult to treat as the number of drug-resistant strains of the disease is growing?

A) trichomoniasis
B) chlamydia
C) gonorrhea
D) syphilis

99) Which of the following statements is true of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

A) AIDS can be treated successfully with medication if it is diagnosed early enough.
B) AIDS virus is less likely to be transmitted through anal sex than through oral sex.
C) White women are more likely to contract AIDS than are African American women.
D) Condoms are the most reliable means of preventing transmission of the AIDS virus.

100) Which of the following sexual disorders can be treated by drugs such as Viagra?

A) sexual interest/arousal disorder
B) delayed ejaculation disorder
C) erectile disorder
D) premature ejaculation disorder

101) Premature ejaculation refers to a male's inability to

A) achieve or maintain an erection.
B) have an erection, though he has had one at least once in the past.
C) delay orgasm as long as he wishes.
D) ejaculate when he wants to, if at all.

102) Which of the following is a true statement about premature ejaculation?

A) It is most often a psychological problem.
B) It can be cured by drugs such as azithromycin or doxycycline.
C) It occurs when the motivation for sexual activity is restrained.
D) It occurs because of restricted flow of blood through a man's penis.

103) Sadie can only achieve an orgasm when she masturbates. She is unable to have an orgasm when she has sex with her partner. Sadie suffers from

A) primary orgasmic dysfunction.
B) secondary orgasmic dysfunction.
C) gonorrhea.
D) chlamydia.

104) Which of the following statements is true of people with sexual interest/arousal disorder?

A) They have never experienced orgasm.
B) They require an extended period of sexual stimulation to reach orgasm.
C) They stay in the resolution stage for an unusually long time.
D) They experience a kind of sexual anesthesia.

105) What are gender roles? Explain how gender roles can result in stereotyping and sexism.

106) Discuss gender stereotyping in Western societies. Explain how gender stereotyping strengthens gender inequality.

107) Explain how gender stereotyping results in the glass ceiling. How does it impact women?

108) Describe sexual harassment, its prevalence in the United States, and what may motivate this behavior.

109) Discuss the differences between the personalities of men and women in the context of aggression and self-esteem.

110) Compare the speech patterns of men and women.

111) Discuss the nature of jealousy between men and women from the evolutionary perspective.

112) Describe the impact of social environment on gender differences.

113) What is the impact of androgens on the sex drive in males?

114) Does estrogen affect the sex drive in women? Compare the sex drives of women and men.

115) Explain why sexual arousal in humans has less to do with genitals and more to do with interpretations of stimuli.

116) How often and when do people indulge in sexual fantasies? Do the fantasies of men and women differ?

117) Identify and describe the phases of the human sexual response cycle.

118) What is female circumcision? Outline some of the arguments for and against female circumcision.

119) Discuss the drawbacks of labeling sexual behaviors that are rare or uncommon in a society as abnormal.

120) In the context of defining sexual normality, discuss the approach that considers the psychological consequences of a behavior.

121) Which research technique did Alfred Kinsey use to study the sexual behavior of people in the United States? Why is this technique still regarded as a model for other sex researchers? What was the disadvantage of using this technique?

122) Briefly discuss how the frequency of masturbation changes with age in men and women.

123) Define the "double standard" as it applies to premarital sex. How has this double standard changed over the last 50 years in American culture?

124) Briefly discuss how the frequency of sexual intercourse changes over time in a marital relationship. What is another benefit of marital sex beyond the immediate pleasure?

125) Briefly describe the Kinsey scale of sexual orientation that is designed to define the degree to which sexual orientation is heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual.

126) Describe the evidence supporting biological explanations of homosexuality on one hand and learning or sociocultural explanations on the other. To what extent, if any, is homosexuality related to psychological adjustment?

127) What does the term "transgender" encompass? Briefly discuss some common issues faced by transgender individuals.

128) Briefly discuss intersexism.

129) Briefly define rape and how it is construed today by researchers.

130) Describe any four major sexually transmitted infections.

131) How has the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic changed the sexual behavior of people? Outline some of the safe sex practices that one might adopt to reduce the likelihood of acquiring the infection.

132) What is erectile disorder? How common is this disorder? Discuss a treatment option for erectile disorder.