Ch9 Exam Prep Intelligence

Student name:__________

1) In the introduction to its discussion of intelligence, your text suggests that conceptions of intelligence vary cross-culturally. To the Trukese of the South Pacific, for example, intelligence may mean the ability to navigate on the open water without technological assistance; to a Westerner, traveling along the most direct and quickest route by using a sextant and other navigational tools is likely to represent the most “intelligent” kind of behavior. Nevertheless, one element of the understanding of intelligence that is consistent across culture is

A) the ability to use the resources provided by one's environment.
B) the ability to understand and relate to others.
C) to think rationally; that is, with one's head rather than one's heart.
D) to solve abstract, complex problems.

2) Intelligence is defined as

A) the tendency to think of an object only in terms of the way it is most frequently or typically used.
B) the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges.
C) the basic, inborn characteristic way of responding and the behavioral style of an individual.
D) the phenomenon by which children incorrectly apply a language rule, thereby making a linguistic error.

3) Who among the following is most likely engaged in the study of intelligence?

A) Daniel, who conducts a research on the capacity of apes to think rationally and effectively use objects handed to them
B) Jacob, who analyzes the effects of child care out of the home on children belonging to different cultural backgrounds
C) Ananya, who observes the methods used by university students to prepare for examinations
D) Cathy, who conducts a research on the degree of attachment formed between newborns and their caregivers

4) The g-factor is

A) the factor that helps us reason abstractly.
B) a general intelligence factor that was thought to underlie performance in every aspect of intelligence.
C) a score derived from one of several standardized tests that are designed to assess the overall intelligence.
D) the same thing as crystallized intelligence.

5) Laverne's scores on different parts of an IQ test are very different from one another. Laverne's profile of scores on the test

A) contradicts the view of intelligence offered by early psychologists.
B) supports the view of intelligence offered by early psychologists.
C) contradicts the view of intelligence offered by contemporary psychologists.
D) supports the g-factor theory of mental ability.

6) Early psychologists argued that g represented general intelligence. According to these psychologists, individuals good at numerical tests

A) are generally good on all tests.
B) are generally poor on all other tests.
C) excel at visual but not verbal tasks.
D) excel at verbal tasks but not visual ones.

7) Early theorists inferred the existence of a general intelligence factor or g-factor from

A) the high reliability coefficients of the results of individual tests.
B) the low correlations among tests of different intellectual skills.
C) the negative correlations among tests of different intellectual skills.
D) the correlation between performances among tests of different intellectual skills.

8) In what way do more recent theories of intelligence differ from those offered earlier in psychology's history?

A) More recent theories propose that there may be multiple forms of intelligence, rather than just one.
B) More recent theories propose that there may be a single broad factor underlying every aspect of intelligence.
C) More recent theories tend to dismiss the notion that cultural differences are important to the definition of intelligence.
D) More recent theories claim that people who did poorly on one test tended to do poorly on others as well.

9) Intelligence that reflects the ability to reason abstractly is termed ________ intelligence.

A) fluid
B) reflexive
C) spatial
D) crystallized

10) Janet has a knack for figuring things out. When faced with puzzles and problems she has never seen before, Janet always manages to find a solution. Janet has a high ________ intelligence.

A) spatial
B) flexible
C) fluid
D) crystallized

11) Jason recently got his license to practice as a private investigator. For his first assignment, he was required to identify a serial killer whom the state police department had failed to apprehend. Within three days of receiving the case, Jason was able to identify the killer by finding patterns in the available evidence and using these patterns to reason and deduce the killer's behavior and methods. Which of the following is most likely true of Jason?

A) He has high naturalist intelligence.
B) He has high fluid intelligence.
C) He has high linguistic intelligence.
D) He has high crystallized intelligence.

12) ________ intelligence is the accumulation of information, knowledge, and skills that people have learned through experience and education.

A) Fluid
B) Reflexive
C) Spatial
D) Crystallized

13) Which of the following activities is most likely to draw on fluid intelligence?

A) solving a new kind of puzzle
B) answering trivia questions
C) figuring out how to fix a familiar appliance
D) participating in a discussion about the solution to the causes of poverty

14) Which of the following is true of crystallized intelligence?

A) It reflects the information stored in long-term memory.
B) It is used when applying a strategy to resolve an issue.
C) It declines in late adulthood.
D) It does not rely on past experiences.

15) Jody is completing a test in which she has to name as many state capitals as she can in one minute; Alex is trying to complete analogies between pairs of abstract diagrams. Jody is taking a test of ________, whereas Alex, a test of ________.

A) fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence
B) fluid intelligence; fluid intelligence as well
C) crystallized intelligence; crystallized intelligence as well
D) crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence

16) Gordon is a botany major in college. When visiting a wildlife reserve, he is quickly able to accurately identify the different plant species in the reserve. Gordon's ability to recall the names of the plant species illustrates the use of

A) fluid intelligence.
B) extrasensory perception.
C) perceptual constancy.
D) crystallized intelligence.

17) Darcy has more than a decade's experience of working as a psychologist. She decides to write a book on how to develop and maintain interpersonal relationships. Darcy is able to complete the authoring of her book in less than a month's time. Based on the example, it can be inferred that Darcy has high

A) crystallized intelligence.
B) confirmation bias.
C) depth perception.
D) fluid intelligence.

18) According to Gardner's view of different forms of intelligence, each of the multiple intelligences

A) links to an independent system in the brain.
B) involves identifying the fundamental question of human existence.
C) operates in isolation and not together.
D) depends on the fluid intelligence of an individual.

19) Which of the following is true of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?

A) It suggests that separate intelligences operate in isolation.
B) It posits that all multiple intelligences are linked to a global “workspace” in the brain.
C) It has led to the development of intelligence tests containing questions with multiple correct answers.
D) It states that human beings have a minimum of 11 different forms of intelligence.

20) Which of the following types of intelligence involves identifying and thinking about the fundamental questions of human life?

A) linguistic intelligence
B) spatial intelligence
C) musical intelligence
D) existential intelligence

21) According to the text, a positive feature of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is

A) the empirical support it has received.
B) the intuitive appeal of the underlying concept.
C) that it has led to the development of intelligence tests that allow test takers to be creative.
D) that it focuses on cases of brain damage, as well as of intellectual disability and giftedness.

22) Which of the following is one of Gardner's forms of intelligence?

A) general intelligence
B) analytical intelligence
C) crystallized intelligence
D) musical intelligence

23) According to ________, human beings have a minimum of eight different forms of intelligence.

A) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
B) Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence
C) Spearman's theory of general intelligence
D) Thurstone's primary mental abilities theory

24) Bodily kinesthetic intelligence refers to skills

A) in problem solving, scientific thinking, logical thinking, and interacting with others.
B) in using the whole body or various portions of it in the solution of problems.
C) involving spatial configurations.
D) involved in the production and use of language.

25) Dancers, athletes, actors, and surgeons display

A) bodily kinesthetic intelligence.
B) naturalist intelligence.
C) intrapersonal intelligence.
D) spatial intelligence.

26) According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, who among the following is most likely to have high linguistic intelligence?

A) Luke represents his university in a national dance competition and wins the second place.
B) Christina, an accomplished composer, releases her latest album on Christmas Eve.
C) Swathi publishes her third novel for young adults, which becomes an international bestseller.
D) Hamid, an award-winning actor, agrees to play the lead role in a famous director's movie.

27) Which of the following professionals would most likely display spatial intelligence?

A) a dancer
B) an actor
C) a social worker
D) an architect

28) Logical-mathematical intelligence refers to skills

A) in problem solving and scientific thinking.
B) in using the whole body or various portions of it in the solution of problems or in the construction of products or displays.
C) involved in the ability to identify patterns in nature.
D) involved in the production and use of language.

29) Knowledge of the internal aspects of oneself is termed

A) naturalistic intelligence.
B) interpersonal intelligence.
C) intrapersonal intelligence.
D) spatial intelligence.

30) ________ refers to skills involved in the production and use of language.

A) Naturalistic intelligence
B) Linguistic intelligence
C) Intrapersonal intelligence
D) Spatial intelligence

31) Danny's friends consider him to be trustworthy and understanding. Whenever they feel overwhelmed with college-related or personal problems, they confide in him. As a good friend, Danny counsels them and offers them emotional support. According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Danny is likely to be high in

A) musical intelligence.
B) linguistic intelligence.
C) interpersonal intelligence.
D) spatial intelligence.

32) Collectivist cultures, such as Taiwan's, place a high priority on how individuals relate to each other. It might be reasonable to hypothesize that Taiwanese adults might outscore American adults on a test of Gardner's ________ intelligence.

A) naturalistic
B) intrapersonal
C) practical
D) interpersonal

33) According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which of the following types of intelligence is correctly matched with its description?

A) Intrapersonal intelligence—skills in interacting with others
B) Naturalist intelligence—skills in problem solving and scientific thinking
C) Linguistic intelligence—ability to identify and classify patterns in nature
D) Spatial intelligence—ability to imagine a location in three dimensions

34) William has been residing in New York since he was a little boy. For the past 5 years, he has been noticing drastic increases and drops in temperatures during summer and winter, respectively. Concerned that temperature variations could adversely affect the health of the city's residents, William decides to raise awareness about the climate change by publishing articles in the local newspaper as part of a campaign. In this scenario, it is likely that William has high

A) musical intelligence.
B) interpersonal intelligence.
C) naturalist intelligence.
D) spatial intelligence.

35) Etta is taking an intelligence test based on Gardner's multiple intelligences theory. How is Etta's performance likely to be scored?

A) She will receive a score for each of eight types of intelligence.
B) She will receive a score for each of three types of intelligence.
C) She will be classified as having one of eight types of intelligence.
D) She will receive an overall intelligence score, like an IQ.

36) The ________ area of the brain is critical to juggling many pieces of information simultaneously and solving new problems.

A) corpus callosum
B) thalamus
C) lateral prefrontal cortex
D) hippocampus

37) Which area of the brain is located above the outer edge of the eyebrow?

A) the parieto-occipital fissure
B) the lateral prefrontal cortex
C) the medulla oblongata
D) the brain stem

38) Michael is completing a difficult series of verbal analogies. Most likely, the lateral ________ cortex in his brain is active.

A) occipital
B) prefrontal
C) parietal
D) temporal

39) Higher intelligence is related to the thickness of the

A) corpus callosum.
B) thalamus.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) hippocampus.

40) According to Sternberg, intelligence related to overall success in living is known as ________ intelligence.

A) practical
B) crystallized
C) emotional
D) creative

41) The notion of practical intelligence is associated with

A) Gardner.
B) Sternberg.
C) Wechsler.
D) Spearman.

42) Traditional tests were designed to relate to

A) academic success.
B) career success.
C) spiritual success.
D) familial success.

43) People who are high in ________ intelligence are able to learn general norms and principles and apply them appropriately.

A) practical
B) crystallized
C) emotional
D) linguistic

44) Which of the following is TRUE of academic success and career success?

A) Academic success and career success both rely on the sort of intelligence assessed by traditional intelligence tests.
B) Academic success and career success are based on two different types of intelligence.
C) Traditional tests were designed to relate to career success, while contemporary tests are designed to relate to academic success.
D) Both academic and career success relate to practical intelligence.

45) According to Sternberg, which of the following types of intelligence focuses on abstract but traditional types of problems measured on IQ tests?

A) practical intelligence
B) creative intelligence
C) analytical intelligence
D) naturalist intelligence

46) Sameera works as a graphic designer in an advertising agency. Her job requires her to visualize and develop campaign ideas for the clients of the agency. Her manager considers her to be extremely good at her job. According to Sternberg's notion of intelligence, Sameera has high

A) emotional intelligence.
B) linguistic intelligence.
C) creative intelligence.
D) intrapersonal intelligence.

47) ________ intelligence is the set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of one's mental state.

A) Emotional
B) Practical
C) Fluid
D) Crystallized

48) Which of the following is true of emotional intelligence?

A) It is yet to be quantified in a rigorous manner.
B) It focuses on abstract but traditional types of problems measured on IQ tests.
C) It enables a person to learn general norms and principles and apply them appropriately.
D) It is intelligence related to overall success in living.

49) Which of the major intelligence concepts is correctly matched with a description?

A) practical intelligence—intelligence attuned to the feelings and needs of oneself or others
B) crystallized intelligence—information, skills, and knowledge learned through experience
C) gardner's theory—intelligence related to reasoning, memory, and information-processing capabilities
D) information-processing approach—eight independent forms of intelligence

50) Historically, which of the following was first assumed to be an objective measure of intelligence?

A) past experiences of an individual
B) shape and size of an individual's head
C) educational qualification of an individual
D) the contents of an individual's dreams

51) The first real intelligence tests were developed by

A) Galton.
B) Binet.
C) Spearman.
D) Wechsler.

52) Intelligence quotient (IQ) is a measure of intelligence that takes into account an individual's

A) mental age alone.
B) physical age alone.
C) physical and developmental ages.
D) mental and chronological ages.

53) The age for which a given level of performance is average or typical is known as

A) mental age.
B) societal age.
C) chronological age.
D) behavioral age.

54) Sheldon and Ricky are brothers. Sheldon is 8 years old, whereas Ricky is 6 years old. Both of them are given a similar type of block design puzzle to solve. Sheldon takes 9 minutes to solve the puzzle, whereas Ricky solves the puzzle within 5 minutes. According to Binet, which of the following is most likely true of Sheldon?

A) His chronological age is more than 9 years.
B) His mental age is more than 8 years.
C) His chronological age is less than 5 years.
D) His mental age is less than 6 years.

55) If MA stands for mental age and CA for chronological age, then the formula for the intelligence quotient score as Binet defined it is

A) CA/MA × 100.
B) MA/CA × 100.
C) CA/(MA × 100).
D) MA/(CA × 100).

56) Laura is 8 years old; her performance on a series of tasks is equivalent to that of the average 10-year-old. Her intelligence quotient is

A) 125.
B) 80.
C) 110.
D) 150.

57) If we were to plot the IQ scores of every person living in the United States on a graph, we would end up with

A) a downward sloping curve.
B) a vertical line.
C) a uniform distribution—that is, a straight horizontal line.
D) a bell-shaped curve.

58) Which of the following is true of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?

A) It is relatively easy to administer and score on a large-scale basis.
B) It is administered in a written format.
C) It fails to provide clues to a test-taker's strengths and weaknesses.
D) It consists of a series of items that vary according to the age of the person being tested.

59) Which of the following statements best describes the fate of Binet's intelligence test within psychology?

A) It really has had little lasting influence on contemporary intelligence testing.
B) It is still used, and it is in virtually the same form as Binet's original test.
C) It was used for a number of decades but was then abandoned.
D) It is still used but in a heavily revised form.

60) The most commonly used IQ test in the United States is the

A) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.
B) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV.
C) Spearman G Scale.
D) Terman Intelligence Scale.

61) Which of the following best expresses the distinction between the WAIS-IV and WISC-IV?

A) The WAIS-IV is for use on males only, whereas the WISC-IV is used on females only.
B) The WAIS-IV is a test of verbal intelligence, whereas the WISC-IV is a test of nonverbal intelligence.
C) The WAIS-IV is used to test adult intelligence, whereas the WISC-IV is used to test children's intelligence.
D) The WAIS-IV is the current successor to the WISC-IV, an older test of intelligence.

62) Which of the following is true of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV?

A) It excludes the measurement of perceptual reasoning.
B) It excludes the measurement of verbal comprehension.
C) It is no longer used in the United States.
D) It requires individualized, one-on-one administration.

63) The consistency of a test in measuring what it is trying to measure is known as

A) adaptation.
B) accommodation.
C) reliability.
D) heritability.

64) A psychological test is reliable when it

A) measures what it is actually supposed to measure.
B) has been normalized using samples representative of those for whom the test has been designed.
C) yields consistent measurements.
D) measures the positives in the test.

65) A psychological test is valid when it

A) actually measures what it is supposed to measure.
B) has been normalized using samples representative of those for whom the test has been designed.
C) yields consistent measurements.
D) measures the positives in the test.

66) A researcher develops a questionnaire to assess the personality trait of impulsivity among adults. In a journal article, she presents evidence that college students tend to get essentially the same score if they take the test twice, two months apart. She also presents the average score, the highest score, and the lowest score obtained by two large samples: one of 2,000 college students and one of 750 community-dwelling noncollege adults. However, when you look at the sample questionnaire items she included in the article, it seems to you that they relate more to whether a person is sociable, outgoing, and fun than to whether an individual is impulsive. In this scenario, you are questioning the ________ of the researcher's questionnaire.

A) reliability
B) validity
C) sensitivity
D) reliability and the validity

67) An online intelligence test yields a different IQ each time you take it. The test is

A) possibly reliable, but definitely not valid.
B) not reliable and probably not valid either.
C) not reliable, but still possibly valid.
D) possibly reliable and potentially valid.

68) Identify a true statement about intelligence tests.

A) They are considered valid even if they are unreliable.
B) They should be reliable and valid to measure intelligence accurately.
C) They are no longer administered orally.
D) They are not conducted on young children or people with unusually low IQs.

69) Sir Francis Galton assumed that skull size is related to intelligence. This was ________ measure of intelligence.

A) a reliable, but not a valid
B) a valid, but not a reliable
C) both a reliable and a valid
D) neither a reliable nor a valid

70) Dr. Cavanaugh examines the relationship between the personality trait of resilience and senior citizens' compliance with medication regimes. However, the resilience measure he used was normed only on college students. Based on this information, which of the following is the most apparent weakness of Dr. Cavanaugh's study?

A) the simplicity of the resilience measure
B) the standardization of the resilience measure
C) the specificity of the resilience measure
D) the operationalization of compliance

71) Which of the following is true of computerized adaptive testing?

A) In this type of testing, all test-takers receive identical sets of questions.
B) For this type of testing, a small number of test items must be created.
C) The scores obtained in this type of testing are more reliable and valid than those of traditional paper-and-pencil tests.
D) This type of testing pinpoints a test-taker's level of proficiency fairly quickly.

72) Regarding standardized testing, which piece of advice is least likely to be right?

A) Check your answers if you can.
B) Time yourself carefully.
C) Guess if you don't know.
D) Practice makes you perfect.

73) Based on the text's discussion, which of the following alternatives best captures the difference, if any, between the terms mental retardation and intellectual disability?

A) The terms are used interchangeably and equally.
B) Intellectual disability is the term in use, while mental retardation is the traditional term.
C) The term intellectual disability has replaced the term mental retardation.
D) The terms refer to different types of deficits in functioning.

74) Identify a true statement about intellectual disability.

A) This disability originates before the age of 18.
B) This disability excludes limitations in adaptive behavior.
C) Individuals who have IQ scores between 70 and 90 are said to be intellectually disabled.
D) Programs targeting individuals who are intellectually disabled are rare.

75) Who among the following most likely has mild intellectual disability?

A) Mary has an IQ score of 65. She is now able to hold a job, although her development was slower than that of her peers.
B) Divya has an IQ score of 43. She requires some degree of supervision throughout her life.
C) Ahmed has an IQ score of 20. He is unable to function independently and requires continuous care.
D) Darryl has an IQ score of 50. He is capable of holding down simple jobs that do not require extensive motor or language skills.

76) Which of the following is true of people with moderate intellectual disability?

A) They constitute about 90% of all people with intellectual disabilities.
B) They require some degree of supervision throughout their lives.
C) They tend to have IQ scores ranging from 55 to 69.
D) They are able to function independently by adulthood and hold jobs.

77) People with ________ have deficits in their language and motor skills. Although these individuals can hold simple jobs, they need to have a certain degree of supervision throughout their lives.

A) severe intellectual disability
B) moderate intellectual disability
C) profound intellectual disability
D) mild intellectual disability

78) Anita has mild intellectual disability, Brady has moderate intellectual disability, Candace has severe intellectual disability, and Denny has profound intellectual disability. Which of these individuals can probably hold a job? Which of these individuals is probably unable to care for him- or herself?

A) Anita; Denny
B) Anita; Brady
C) Candace; Anita
D) Candace; Denny

79) Which of the following is true of people with profound intellectual disability?

A) They tend to have IQ scores ranging from 55 to 69.
B) They typically require care for their entire lives.
C) They can hold jobs and have families of their own.
D) They constitute about 90% of all people with intellectual disabilities.

80) Which of the following alternatives correctly identifies the range of IQ scores encompassed by the terms profound, severe, moderate, and mild intellectual disability, respectively?

A) 0–29; 30–49; 50–64; 65–79
B) 0–19; 20–39; 40–59; 60–79
C) 0–24; 25–39; 40–54; 55–69
D) 0–19; 20–34; 35–49; 50–69

81) In approximately ________ of the cases of intellectual disabilities, there is an identifiable cause related to biological or environmental factors; the most common of these is ________.

A) one-third; fetal alcohol syndrome
B) one-third; Down syndrome
C) one-quarter; fetal alcohol syndrome
D) one-quarter; Down syndrome

82) Ursula never regulated the amount of wine she consumed during her pregnancy. Ursula's baby is likely to be intellectually disabled because of

A) Down syndrome.
B) fetal alcohol syndrome.
C) hyperbilirubinemia.
D) a head injury.

83) Which of the following results when a person is born with 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46?

A) Down syndrome
B) clinical depression
C) fetal alcohol syndrome
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

84) Which of the following alternatives offers the most accurate assessment of the origin of familial intellectual disability in nature on the one hand or nurture on the other?

A) Familial intellectual disability is almost always genetic in origin, thereby reflecting nature.
B) About one-third of the cases of familial intellectual disability have a known basis in biology, or nature.
C) Familial intellectual disability is most often environmental in origin, such as extreme continuous poverty leading to malnutrition.
D) Whether familial intellectual disability is caused by environmental factors or some genetic factor is usually impossible to determine.

85) Intellectual disability in which no apparent biological defect exists but there is a history of it in the family is known as ________ intellectual disability.

A) syndromic
B) cultural
C) familial
D) nonsyndromic

86) The inclusive philosophy behind the educational mainstreaming of people with intellectual disabilities reflects federal laws passed in the

A) late 1960s.
B) mid-1970s.
C) late 1970s.
D) early 1980s.

87) Regarding the integration of mentally retarded students into regular classrooms, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) In full inclusion programs, students with educational disabilities are integrated into regular classroom activities to a greater extent than in the case of mainstreaming.
B) In full inclusion programs, students with educational disabilities are integrated into regular classroom activities to a somewhat lesser extent than in the case of mainstreaming.
C) Full inclusion is widely applied today.
D) Schools with full inclusion have separate special education classes.

88) Which of the following is TRUE of full inclusion?

A) Full inclusion is a controversial practice.
B) Very few educators feel that mainstreaming is more effective than full inclusion.
C) Full inclusion is widely applied today.
D) Schools with full inclusion have separate special education classes.

89) The IQ scores of intellectually gifted individuals is

A) between 100 and 110.
B) 75.
C) above 130.
D) below 90.

90) Terman's long-term study of the intellectually gifted found that they tend to be

A) social misfits.
B) physically gifted.
C) awkward.
D) outgoing.

91) According to most researches, which of the following is true of individuals who are intellectually gifted?

A) They tend to have unhealthy habits.
B) They rarely get along well with peers.
C) They are usually outgoing and popular.
D) They tend to be shy social misfits.

92) It has been found that in traditional IQ tests, blacks tend to score

A) 30 points lower than whites.
B) 10–15 points lower than whites.
C) 5 points higher than whites.
D) the same as whites.

93) A test that does not discriminate against the members of any minority group is termed as a ________ IQ test.

A) culture-neutral
B) culture-fair
C) culture-free
D) culture-liberated

94) Imagine that American children and African children are asked to memorize the locations of objects on a chessboard. In one condition, the objects are rocks; in the other, they are household objects common in the West. What might you predict regarding the children's performance?

A) The performance of the American children will exceed that of the African children in both conditions.
B) The performance of the African children will exceed that of the American children in both conditions.
C) The performance of the African children will be equivalent to that of the American children in both conditions.
D) The performance of the African children will exceed that of the American children when the objects are rocks but not when they are Western household objects.

95) In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray argued that

A) intelligence is a product of nurture alone.
B) intelligence is a product of environmental differences alone.
C) the IQ gap between Caucasians and African Americans reflects genetically based differences in intelligence.
D) both environmental factors and nurture do not play any role in the IQ gap between Caucasians and African Americans.

96) Which of the following statements is TRUE about Herrnstein and Murray's arguments in The Bell Curve?

A) Whites score lower than blacks on traditional IQ tests when socioeconomic status (SES) is taken into account.
B) An analysis of IQ differences between whites and blacks demonstrated that there were basic genetic differences between the two races.
C) Middle- and upper-SES blacks score higher than middle- and upper-SES whites.
D) Intelligence differences between blacks and whites can be attributed to environmental differences alone.

97) Which of the following findings supports the position Herrnstein and Murray outlined in The Bell Curve?

A) Middle- and upper-socioeconomic status blacks score the same as middle- and upper-socioeconomic status whites
B) The black-white IQ gap remains, even when socioeconomic status is controlled.
C) Lower-socioeconomic status blacks score higher on average than lower-socioeconomic status whites
D) Whites score 35 points higher than blacks on traditional IQ tests even when socioeconomic status is taken into account.

98) The term ________ refers to the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors.

A) heritability
B) specificity
C) concordance rate
D) cohort effect

99) Jonathan is 25 years old. His father is 65 years old. Jonathan scores 125 on an IQ test. According to the Flynn effect, which of the following is most likely to have been his father's score if his father had taken the same test at the age of 25?

A) 113
B) 70
C) 129
D) 60

100) The Flynn effect refers to

A) the role of genetic inheritance in the development of intelligence.
B) the effects of cultural expectations on intelligence scores.
C) the high correlation between multiple intelligences.
D) the long-term increase in IQ scores since the early 1900s.

101) Distinguish between crystallized and fluid intelligence. Provide an example of (a) an intellectual task that mainly reflects crystallized intelligence and (b) an intellectual task that mainly reflects fluid intelligence.

102) Outline Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.

103) Outline Sternberg's theory of intelligence.

104) Define (a) practical and (b) emotional intelligence. To what extent are these types of intelligence related to the sort of intelligence that was traditionally assessed by standardized tests?

105) Suppose you develop a new intelligence test. Distinguish between reliability and validity. Outline how you would standardize the test.

106) Identify the levels of intellectual disability described in the text. Associate a range of IQ scores with each level. Review what is known about the causes of intellectual disability.

107) Distinguish between mainstreaming and full inclusion in the education of those with intellectual abilities. Why is full inclusion a controversial practice?

108) Briefly describe Terman's pioneering study of the intellectually gifted.

109) "The discrepancy in IQ scores between whites and blacks in the United States has nothing to do with race." Support this reference using empirical data.

110) Describe the Flynn effect.