Full Test Bank Chapter 25 The Endocrine System nan

Biology: The Essentials, 3e (Hoefnagels)

Chapter 25 The Endocrine System

1) Biochemicals produced in a gland that travel through the bloodstream and alter the metabolism of specific target cells are

A) enzymes.

B) pheromones.

C) neurotransmitters.

D) hormones.

E) pectines.

2) Which is an endocrine gland?

A) pancreas

B) thyroid gland

C) ovaries

D) testes

E) All answers are correct.

3) Which is not an endocrine gland?

A) hypothalamus

B) testes

C) gallbladder

D) pineal gland

E) adrenal gland

4) The endocrine gland that produces melatonin is the

A) pancreas.

B) pineal gland.

C) parathyroid gland.

D) adrenal gland.

E) testes.

5) The endocrine gland that produces primarily testosterone is the

A) testes.

B) pancreas.

C) parathyroid gland.

D) adrenal gland.

E) pineal gland.

6) The endocrine gland that produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels is the

A) parathyroid gland.

B) adrenal gland.

C) pineal gland.

D) pancreas.

E) testes.

7) The endocrine gland(s) that produces hormones related to the sympathetic nervous system and steroids that help regulate body fluids is/are the

A) parathyroid gland.

B) pancreas.

C) adrenal glands.

D) pineal gland.

E) testes.

8) The endocrine gland(s) that produces hormones that help regulate blood calcium is/are the

A) pancreas.

B) parathyroid gland.

C) adrenal glands.

D) pineal gland.

E) testes.

9) An endocrine gland releases its product directly

A) into the digestive system.

B) onto an outer epithelial surface.

C) into the circulatory system.

D) into a body cavity.

E) All answers are correct.

10) Which is incorrect?

A) Both the nervous system and the endocrine system use neurotransmitters to affect target cells.

B) A nerve impulse is virtually instantaneous, but hormones take a considerable amount of time to exert their effects.

C) Hormones and neurotransmitters may share the same target cell.

D) A single neuron influences only a few cells at a time, whereas hormones circulate throughout the body in the blood.

E) Some chemicals act as both neurotransmitters and hormones.

11) Peptide hormones are usually which?

A) bound to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell

B) lipid-soluble

C) water-soluble and bound to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell

D) water-soluble

E) lipid-soluble and bound to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell

12) Steroid hormones

A) are typically lipid-soluble.

B) typically do not bind to a surface receptor on a target cell.

C) pass through cell membranes.

D) typically alter gene expression.

E) All answers are correct.

13) Which characteristic sets insulin and glucagon apart from steroid hormones?

A) They are lipid-soluble.

B) They alter gene expression.

C) They bind to a receptor inside the cell's cytoplasm or nucleus.

D) They bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell.

E) They are not water-soluble.

14) Lipid-soluble steroid hormones are synthesized from

A) cholesterol.

B) amino acids.

C) nucleotides.

D) proteins.

E) sucrose.

15) All of the glands of the vertebrate endocrine system are regulated by the

A) hypothalamus and pons.

B) hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

C) cerebrum and medulla oblongata.

D) pineal gland and pituitary gland.

E) cerebellum and pituitary gland.

16) Which option lists the primary endocrine product(s) of the ovaries?

A) estrogen

B) follicle-stimulating hormone

C) progesterone and estrogen

D) progesterone

E) follicle-stimulating hormone and estrogen

17) Which would be the primary target for ADH?

A) pancreas

B) mammary gland

C) testes

D) kidney

E) ovaries

18) Which has its primary effect on the brain's pain receptors?

A) ACTH

B) FSH and LH

C) endorphins

D) oxytocin

E) ADH

19) If you wanted to alter breast milk production in a new mother having trouble feeding her baby due to poor milk supply, you would look at the hormone prolactin, since it is produced by the ________ and targets the ________.

A) anterior pituitary; mammary glands

B) anterior pituitary; pancreas

C) posterior pituitary; kidney

D) posterior pituitary; mammary glands

E) posterior pituitary; pancreas

20) The hormone oxytocin is stored and released by the ________ and targets the ________.

A) hypothalamus; mammary glands

B) anterior pituitary; mammary glands

C) anterior pituitary; pancreas

D) hypothalamus; pancreas

E) posterior pituitary; mammary glands

21) When dealing with a patient having trouble maintaining the composition of body fluids, you might look for problems in the production of

A) ADH.

B) prolactin.

C) oxytocin.

D) LH.

E) TSH.

22) If you fed a radioactive tracer to the posterior pituitary gland, in which hormone might you expect to find the tracer?

A) insulin

B) TSH

C) oxytocin

D) FSH

E) No answer is correct.

23) A person suffering from acromegaly produces too much ________ as a(n) ________.

A) testosterone; child

B) testosterone; adult

C) growth hormone; child

D) growth hormone; adult

E) insulin; child

24) A deficiency of iodine in the diet can cause the medical condition known as

A) hepatitis.

B) goiter.

C) acromegaly.

D) diabetes.

E) osteoporosis.

25) To prevent swollen thyroid glands many nations add iodine to

A) milk.

B) soda pop.

C) salt.

D) processed meats.

E) orange juice.

26) Hyperthyroidism

A) is caused by iodine deficiency.

B) can cause elevated heart rate.

C) leads to weight gain.

D) is not a problem clinically.

E) is caused by removal of the thyroid.

27) If you were a doctor working with a patient whose digestion had slowed markedly, you might measure the patient's production of 

A) calcitonin.

B) epinephrine.

C) insulin.

D) glucagon.

E) testosterone.

28) The hormone that stimulates glycogen to be broken down to glucose is

A) insulin.

B) calcitonin.

C) aldosterone.

D) glucagon.

E) melatonin.

29) The adrenal glands are located "on top" of

A) the ovaries.

B) the pancreas.

C) the kidneys.

D) the thyroid gland.

E) the liver.

30) The antidote for a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction is a shot of 

A) penicillin.

B) insulin.

C) FSH.

D) epinephrine.

E) oxytocin.

31) Hypoglycemia is caused by

A) too much insulin being produced.

B) too little insulin being produced.

C) insufficient carbohydrate intake or too much insulin production.

D) insufficient carbohydrate intake.

E) insufficient carbohydrate intake or too little insulin production.

32) If a physician recommends frequent small meals with low carbohydrate and high protein content, the patient most likely suffers from

A) hypoglycemia.

B) goiter.

C) osteoporosis.

D) hyperglycemia.

E) diverticulitis.

33) If a person requires insulin injections they most likely suffer from

A) type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemia.

B) type 2 diabetes and hypoglycemia.

C) type 1 diabetes only.

D) hypoglycemia only.

E) type 2 diabetes only.

34) Type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with

A) obesity.

B) old age.

C) premature infants.

D) a suppressed immune system.

E) calcium deficiency.

35) In type 1 diabetes a decrease in ________ can occur.

A) insulin receptors on muscle cells

B) blood glucose

C) insulin levels inside muscle cells

D) insulin secreted by the pancreas

E) glucose secreted by muscle cells

Cushing's syndrome occurs when the body's tissues are exposed to high levels of cortisol for too long. Many people develop Cushing's syndrome because they take steroid glucocorticoids such as prednisone for asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and other inflammatory diseases. Other people develop Cushing's syndrome because their bodies produce too much cortisol.

36) Prednisone would be most similar to which compound?

A) cortisol

B) insulin

C) TRH

D) oxytocin

E) glucagon

37) Prednisone would be made from which starting material?

A) amino acids

B) cholesterol

C) nucleotides

D) proteins

E) sucrose

38) Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands located near the kidney, yet pituitary tumors cause 70% of Cushing's syndrome cases. The best explanation for this observation is that the pituitary tumor releases

A) mineralocorticoids.

B) glucocorticoids.

C) a hormone that inhibits the adrenal gland.

D) ACTH.

E) cortisol.

An estimated 1% of the population has hyperthyroidism. Graves disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. Graves disease is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system makes an antibody that mimics TSH.

39) Which would you expect in the blood of a patient with hyperthyroidism?

A) no change in either TSH and thyroid hormones

B) a decrease in both TSH and thyroid hormones

C) an increase in TSH and a decrease in thyroid hormones

D) an increase in both TSH and thyroid hormones

E) a decrease in TSH and an increase in thyroid hormones

40) The antibody produced in Graves disease would

A) inhibit the thyroid from releasing thyroid hormone.

B) stimulate the thyroid to release thyroid hormone.

C) bind to the thyroid hormone in the blood.

D) destroy thyroid cells.

E) enter the thyroid cell and move to the nucleus.

41) Hyperthyroidism could be triggered by which changes?

A) increased pituitary activity or decreased thyroid hormone production

B) increased pituitary activity or increased thyroid hormone production

C) decreased pituitary activity or decreased thyroid hormone production

D) decreased pituitary activity or increased thyroid hormone production

E) No answer is correct.

42) LH and FSH normally do which things?

A) stimulate estrogen and progesterone production by the pituitary

B) inhibit estrogen and progesterone production by the uterus

C) inhibit estrogen and progesterone production by the pituitary

D) They have no effect on estrogen or progesterone production.

E) stimulate estrogen and progesterone production by the ovaries

43) Estrogen and progesterone normally do which things?

A) stimulate LH and FSH production by the uterus

B) stimulate LH and FSH production by the pituitary

C) inhibit LH and FSH production by the uterus

D) They have no effect on LH and FSH production.

E) inhibit LH and FSH production by the pituitary

44) Some adult weight lifters dope with human growth hormone. What effect would this have on their bodies?

A) They would gain muscle.

B) They would become taller.

C) They would become smarter.

D) They would become lighter and faster.

E) Their limbs would become longer.

45) Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary tumor. Symptoms of prolactinoma in women include infertility and atypical menstruation. Which is the best explanation for this observation?

A) Increased prolactin in the blood has a positive feedback on the pituitary.

B) Increased prolactin in the blood has a negative feedback on the pituitary.

C) Decreased prolactin in the blood has a negative feedback on the pituitary.

D) Decreased prolactin in the blood has a positive feedback on the pituitary.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is found in many plastics. Female rats injected with BPA daily for their first 10 days of life displayed a decrease in LH levels in their blood.

46) Which organ was being affected by the BPA that led to decreased LH in the blood?

A) ovary

B) kidney

C) pituitary

D) thyroid

E) pancreas

47) BPA would be considered which kind of molecule?

A) a neurotoxin

B) an endocrine disruptor

C) an antibiotic

D) a synthetic hormone

E) a positive feedback stimulator

48) In the case of prairie voles, what hypothesis were the scientists examining?

A) Monogamous social attachments will form when hormone receptors are located in a region of the brain that derives feelings of reward.

B) Monogamous social attachments will form when hormone receptors are located in a region of the brain that derives feelings of aggression.

C) Higher levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are found in organisms that form monogamous social attachments.

D) Lower levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are found in organisms that form monogamous social attachments.

E) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is absent in organisms that form monogamous social attachments.

49) How might the results of the experiment on ADH and prairie voles be used in research with autistic humans, who have social difficulties?

A) Virally transmit genes which encode for receptors in the area of the brain that derives feelings of reward to promote formation of social attachments.

B) Virally transmit hormones to the bloodstream of autistic humans to block aggression.

C) Inject hormones into the bloodstream of autistic humans to derive feelings of monogamy, instead of promiscuity.

D) Virally transmit genes which encode for receptors in the area of the brain that derives feelings of aggression to promote formation of social attachments.

E) Virally transmit hormones to the bloodstream of autistic humans to increase aggression.

50) The human parathyroid gland regulates what in the blood?

A) calcium

B) glucose

C) insulin

D) glucocorticoid

E) melatonin

51) All of our body's hormones are products of the endocrine system.

52) You would know that you had found endocrine cells if you observed them to secrete hormones into ducts that release the hormones into a body cavity.

53) What is the advantage of the endocrine system over the nervous system?

A) Hormones last for only portions of a second and must be continually sent, unlike neural impulses.

B) Hormones remain in the bloodstream and cells for long periods of time to maintain homeostatsis, unlike neural impulses.

C) Hormones are received almost instantaneously by the target cell, unlike neural impulses.

D) Hormones are transported through nervous tissue, unlike neural impulses.

E) Hormones are transported through muscle, unlike neural impulses.

54) When daylight savings time ends, clocks are turned back one hour. Someone who woke up in the dark now wakes up in the light. As a result, melatonin production

A) begins an hour earlier when the person wakes up, altering the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities.

B) begins an hour later when the person goes to sleep, altering the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities.

C) is inhibited an hour earlier so when the person wakes up the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities is altered.

D) is inhibited an hour later so when the person wakes up the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities is altered.

E) is not affected by a person waking up in the dark or waking up in the light, hence does not alter the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities.

55) Some animals in cold-weather habitats hibernate for long periods of time during the winter by sleeping in dark dens until the weather becomes warmer. Hibernation

A) does not affect melatonin secretion because the sun and moon are still rising and setting.

B) decreases melatonin secretion because the temperature is low.

C) increases melatonin secretion because the temperature is low.

D) increases melatonin secretion because the animal is asleep in the dark.

E) decreases melatonin secretion because the animal is asleep in the dark.

56) When needed, parathyroid hormone causes the removal of calcium from the bone. Insufficient calcium intake can lead to issues such as osteoporosis where severe calcium loss from bones weakens them.

57) Since parathyroid hormone causes calcium to be liberated from bone, blocking that hormone could be a partial aid in dealing with loss of calcium from bone.