Verified Test Bank The Circulatory And Respiratory Ch.27 nan - Test Bank | Biology The Essentials 3e by Hoefnagels by Hoefnagels. DOCX document preview.
Biology: The Essentials, 3e (Hoefnagels)
Chapter 27 The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
1) Blood
A) is a liquid connective tissue.
B) delivers food to the cells of the body.
C) delivers oxygen to the cells of the body.
D) helps remove wastes from the body.
E) All answers are correct.
2) If you were given a piece of a cow's heart and told that it was one of the thicker-walled chambers, you would know that you had an atrium.
3) Blood that reaches the heart tissue via the coronary artery has more oxygen in it than the tissue itself.
4) If you exercised more and more intensely over two months, your heart would be able to pump out more and more blood with each stroke.
5) If you exercised more and more intensely over two months, your resting heart rate would decrease.
6) The chambers of the heart that push blood to the lungs or body are the ventricles.
7) The walls of the right ventricle are thicker than those of the left ventricle.
8) The large vessels of the circulatory system that carry blood away from the heart are
A) veins.
B) capillaries.
C) arteries.
D) lymph vessels.
E) sieve tubes.
9) The large vessels that carry blood to the heart are
A) arteries.
B) veins.
C) capillaries.
D) lymph vessels.
E) sieve tubes.
10) The small vessels from which water and dissolved substances diffuse between the blood and interstitial fluid are
A) arteries.
B) veins.
C) lymph vessels.
D) capillaries.
E) sieve tubes.
11) The simplest animals with a closed circulatory system are
A) birds.
B) amphibians.
C) annelids.
D) fishes.
E) reptiles.
12) Vertebrates with a two-chambered heart include
A) mollusks.
B) reptiles.
C) birds.
D) fishes.
E) mammals.
13) Vertebrates with a three-chambered heart include
A) fish.
B) amphibians.
C) birds.
D) mammals.
E) annelids.
14) Vertebrates with a four-chambered heart include
A) fishes.
B) mollusks.
C) birds.
D) amphibians.
E) annelids.
15) The upper chambers of the mammalian heart are the
A) ventricles.
B) arteries.
C) vascular cavities.
D) atria.
E) sinuses.
16) Each day the human heart sends a volume of blood equal to about ________ through the body.
A) 50,000 liters
B) 1,000 liters
C) 7,000 liters
D) 2,000 liters
E) 5,000 liters
17) The two largest veins of the body that deliver blood to the right atrium are the
A) pulmonary vein and inferior vena cava.
B) superior vena cava and pulmonary vein.
C) aorta and inferior vena cava.
D) inferior vena cava and superior vena cava.
E) aorta and superior vena cava.
18) The chamber of the heart that is the most powerful is the
A) left atrium.
B) left ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) right ventricle.
E) No answer is correct.
19) The largest artery in the body is the
A) coronary artery.
B) superior vena cava.
C) aorta.
D) pulmonary artery.
E) carotid artery.
20) Which is an artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle?
A) aorta
B) coronary artery
C) carotid artery
D) superior vena cava
E) inferior vena cava
21) A heartbeat begins in the
A) atrioventricular valve.
B) atrioventricular node.
C) sinoatrial node.
D) right ventricle.
E) left atrium.
22) A heart murmur is caused by
A) a greater-than-normal force of contraction of the right atrium.
B) a constriction of the pulmonary artery.
C) blockage of the aorta.
D) the heart valves not functioning properly.
E) a greater-than-normal force of contraction of the left atrium.
23) Cardiac output may increase by
A) both a lower than normal stroke volume and greater than normal heart rate.
B) a lower than normal stroke volume only.
C) a lower than normal heart rate only.
D) a greater than normal stroke volume only.
E) both a greater than normal stroke volume and heart rate.
24) If you had a patient with blood improperly draining from all areas above the diaphragm, you would suspect a problem with the
A) femoral vein.
B) superior vena cava.
C) pulmonary vein.
D) inferior vena cava.
E) jugular vein.
25) If asked to label a large blood vessel found mostly below the diaphragm, you would label it as the
A) brachial artery.
B) pulmonary vein.
C) inferior vena cava.
D) superior vena cava.
E) jugular vein.
26) The middle layer of the wall of an artery or vein, allowing it to withstand and modify blood pressure, is
A) connective tissue.
B) skeletal muscle.
C) smooth muscle.
D) endothelium.
E) simple squamous epithelial cells.
27) The capillary wall consists only of
A) a single layer of epithelial cells.
B) connective tissue.
C) cardiac muscle.
D) smooth muscle.
E) a single layer of epithelial cells covered by smooth muscle.
28) At the capillaries, ________ leaves red blood cells and ________ enters the circulation.
A) nitrogen; oxygen
B) carbon dioxide; oxygen
C) carbon dioxide; nitrogen
D) oxygen; carbon dioxide
E) sodium; oxygen
29) The force that blood exerts on blood vessel walls is termed
A) venous pressure.
B) gravitational pressure.
C) blood pressure.
D) osmotic pressure.
E) pulmonary pressure.
30) Blood pressure is the force that
A) interstitial fluid exerts on the walls of the arteries.
B) blood exerts on the walls of the ventricles of the heart.
C) blood exerts on the walls of the arteries.
D) interstitial fluid exerts on the walls of the veins.
E) blood exerts on the walls of the atruims of the heart.
31) You are a medical student on rounds with your instructor, and you are told to help measure blood pressure, so you hand the instructor a(n)
A) barometer and stethoscope.
B) stethoscope and sphygmomanometer.
C) barometer and sphygmomanometer.
D) hygrometer and sphygmomanometer.
E) hygrometer and barometer.
32) Systolic pressure reflects the force caused by the
A) contraction of the atria.
B) relaxation of the atria.
C) relaxation of the ventricles.
D) contraction of the ventricles.
E) heart rate.
33) Diastolic pressure reflects the
A) contraction of the atria.
B) contraction of the ventricles.
C) relaxation of the ventricles.
D) relaxation of the atria.
E) heart rate.
34) The narrowing of blood vessels is
A) vasoconstriction.
B) cardioconstriction.
C) vasodilation.
D) cardiodilation.
E) No answer is correct.
35) The widening of blood vessels is
A) vasoconstriction.
B) cardioconstriction.
C) vasodilation.
D) cardiodilation.
E) All answers are correct.
36) The liquid matrix of blood is
A) interstitial fluid.
B) water.
C) cytosol.
D) plasma.
E) lymph.
37) The cellular components of blood that transport oxygen are
A) leukocytes.
B) red blood cells.
C) platelets.
D) cartilage cells.
E) bone cells.
38) If you came across a description of cellular components of blood that destroy foreign substances, you would be reading about
A) red blood cells.
B) cartilage cells.
C) platelets.
D) leukocytes.
E) bone cells.
39) If you were dealing with a patient who repeatedly had trouble with excessive bleeding, you might consider giving the patient a transfusion containing
A) leukocytes.
B) red blood cells.
C) platelets.
D) cartilage cells.
E) bone cells.
40) The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen is
A) myoglobin.
B) actin.
C) fibrinogen.
D) hemoglobin.
E) myosin.
41) A clumping reaction caused by antibodies in the blood plasma is
A) clotting.
B) agglutination.
C) constriction.
D) atherosclerosis.
E) inflammation.
42) Birds and mammals are endotherms, meaning they spend enormous amounts of energy maintaining a constant body temperature. To meet these energy needs, birds and mammals independently evolved four-chambered hearts, completing the separation of oxygen-rich from oxygen-depleted blood. How would this maximize the amount of oxygen reaching tissues?
A) Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be increased.
B) Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be decreased.
C) Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the blood.
D) Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the tissues.
E) Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the lungs.
Patients with cardiovascular problems can be prescribed many different medications. Aspirin inhibits platelets, beta-blockers slow the heart rate, and diuretics cause the kidneys to release more water in the urine.
43) Which drugs would be prescribed to a person who is at risk of forming a blood clot?
A) a beta-blocker
B) aspirin
C) a diuretic
D) a beta-blocker and a diuretic
E) aspirin and a diuretic
44) Which drugs would be prescribed to a person who has high blood pressure?
A) aspirin
B) a beta-blocker
C) a beta-blocker and a diuretic
D) a diuretic
E) aspirin and a diuretic
45) If blood pressure is too high, the brain ________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to ________.
A) increases; dilate
B) increases; constrict
C) decreases; constrict
D) decreases; dilate
E) increases; rupture
A person can donate blood every two months, platelets every two weeks, and plasma twice a week. In whole blood donation, the blood is collected directly into a bag until it is used in a transfusion. In platelet donation, the platelets are separated from the other blood cells by apheresis and saved; the other blood cells and plasma are injected back into the donor. In plasma donation, blood cells are separated, plasma is removed, and the blood cells are injected back into the donor.
46) Why could you donate plasma twice a week?
A) Plasma contains only proteins and fluid which can be replaced quickly.
B) Plasma contains platelets which can be replaced quickly.
C) Plasma contains red blood cells which can be replaced quickly.
D) Plasma contains only water and can be rapidly replaced.
E) Plasma is regenerated from the blood cells injected back into the donor.
47) Which is the correct order for the time required to replace each blood component from shortest to longest?
A) plasma, red blood cell, platelet
B) platelet, red blood cell, plasma
C) red blood cell, platelet, plasma
D) plasma, platelet, red blood cell
E) red blood cell, plasma, platelet
48) A person has a blood type of A. They could receive a whole blood transfusion from which donors?
A) A only
B) O only
C) B only
D) either A or O
E) either B or O
49) A whole blood cell transfusion would be used to treat which of the following?
A) arrhythmia
B) aneurysm
C) anemia
D) heart attack due to atherosclerosis
E) tachycardia
50) When taking a person's blood pressure, after proper inflation of the cuff, the first pulse sound that is heard through the stethoscope indicates that blood is flowing through the artery past the cuff. The reading on the pressure gauge at this point indicates
A) that the heart is once again beating.
B) the force of contraction of the atria.
C) diastolic pressure.
D) venous pressure.
E) systolic pressure.
51) Why would exercise help your blood circulation in your legs?
A) As muscles contract they squeeze blood through the veins and increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs.
B) Increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs only.
C) As muscles contract they squeeze blood through the veins only.
D) Exercise increases the amount of red blood cells only.
E) Exercise increases the amount of red blood cells and increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs.
52) A defibrillator contains two paddles that are placed on a person's chest and through which an electrical shock is administered. What is this procedure treating?
A) aneurysm
B) heart attack due to atherosclerosis
C) anemia
D) tachycardia
E) arrhythmia
53) A dual-chamber pacemaker is surgically placed in a patient's chest. Wires then carry pulses to the right atrium and the right ventricle. How would the pulses be directed from the pacemaker to the heart?
A) Only the ventricle would be stimulated.
B) The ventricle would be stimulated first and then the atrium.
C) Both the atrium and ventricle would be stimulated simultaneously.
D) Only the atrium would be stimulated.
E) The atrium would be stimulated first and then the ventricle.
54) A dual-chamber pacemaker is surgically placed in a patient's chest. Wires then carry pulses to the right atrium and the right ventricle. Why would the pulses be carried to the right chambers of the heart and not the left chambers?
A) The left chambers are reduced or absent in many subadults.
B) The right chambers of the heart are weaker and need more stimulation.
C) Only the right chambers of the heart need to contract to move blood to the lungs.
D) It is easier to run the wires from the pacemaker through the vena cava.
E) Once the right chambers are activated the pulse will be carried to the left chambers.
55) A valve replacement would prevent the flow of blood from the
A) right atrium to right ventricle.
B) left ventricle to the aorta.
C) inferior vena cava to the right atrium.
D) right ventricle to right atrium.
E) right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
56) How do ice fish transport oxygen in their blood?
A) in red blood cells
B) in white blood cells
C) in platelets
D) in plasma
E) on hemoglobin
57) Ice fish would have which kind of circulatory systems?
A) closed with a two-chambered heart
B) open
C) closed with a single-chambered heart
D) closed with a three-chambered heart
E) closed with a four-chambered heart
58) Fish would have the highest concentration of oxygen in their blood as it
A) left their systemic circulation.
B) left their heart.
C) entered their heart.
D) left their lungs.
E) left their gills.
59) What mutations occurred in most ice fish that prevent production of hemoglobin?
A) fragmentation of both hemoglobin genes
B) deletion of one hemoglobin gene and fragmentation of the other hemoglobin gene
C) deletion of both hemoglobin genes
D) duplication of both hemoglobin genes
E) duplication of one hemoglobin gene and fragmentation of the other hemoglobin gene
60) The human circulatory system transports blood in a one-directional circuit throughout the body.
61) In a closed circulatory system, the heart pumps fluid through open-ended vessels into spaces where the fluid bathes the body's cells.
62) The signal for the heart to contract begins at the sinoatrial node.
63) Capillary beds are networks of capillaries that connect arterioles and venules.
64) A decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is called anemia.
65) An increase in the number of red blood cells is called anemia.
66) ATP is required by cells to provide power for
A) DNA replication.
B) movement.
C) production of proteins.
D) growth.
E) All answers are correct.
67) Aerobic respiration consumes ________ gas and generates ________ gas as a waste product.
A) oxygen; carbon dioxide
B) nitrogen; carbon dioxide
C) carbon dioxide; nitrogen
D) oxygen; nitrogen
E) carbon dioxide; oxygen
68) In aquatic organisms, highly folded structures that exchange gases directly with water are
A) spicules.
B) alveoli.
C) tracheae.
D) gills.
E) spiracles.
69) In mammals, a muscular ________ expands the chest, pulling air into the lungs.
A) chest cavity
B) rib cage
C) trachea
D) diaphragm
E) sternum
70) Which main tissue type of the circulatory system enables diffusion across walls of capillaries?
A) connective
B) nervous
C) muscle
D) vascular
E) epithelial
71) If you wanted to change airflow to alveoli, what tissue would you need to target?
A) connective
B) nonvascular
C) muscle
D) nervous
E) vascular
72) Which of the following is not a main function of the upper respiratory system?
A) sense of smell
B) gas exchange between the lungs and the atmosphere
C) production of sounds
D) transport of oxygen to the cells of the body
E) maintaining blood pH homeostasis
73) If a bird can mimic human speech, it can mimic the action of what organ?
A) pharynx
B) larynx
C) trachea
D) glottis
E) uvula
74) The upper respiratory tract is composed of
A) the nose, pharynx, and trachea.
B) the nose, larynx, and trachea.
C) the nose, trachea, and lungs.
D) the nose, pharynx, and larynx.
E) the nose and pharynx.
75) The scientific name of the "windpipe" is the
A) larynx.
B) pharynx.
C) vocal cords.
D) esophagus.
E) trachea.
76) The walls of the bronchioles are made up of
A) cartilage.
B) smooth muscle.
C) cartilage and smooth muscle.
D) cartilage and skeletal muscle.
E) skeletal muscle.
77) Irritants, such as cigarette smoke, cause the walls of the alveoli to tear, thereby reducing the surface area for gas exchange. A respiratory disease caused by long-term exposure to such irritants is
A) anemia.
B) asthma.
C) emphysema.
D) artherosclerosis.
E) aneurysm.
78) In the pulmonary circulation, ________ is expelled from the blood and ________ is picked up.
A) nitrogen; oxygen
B) oxygen; carbon dioxide
C) oxygen; nitrogen
D) carbon dioxide; nitrogen
E) carbon dioxide; oxygen
79) In the systemic circulation, ________ is expelled from the blood and ________ is picked up.
A) oxygen; nitrogen
B) carbon dioxide; nitrogen
C) carbon dioxide; oxygen
D) oxygen; carbon dioxide
E) nitrogen; oxygen
80) One of the main reasons that we exhale a higher percentage of carbon dioxide than we inhale is that
A) we use carbon dioxide to make glucose.
B) we produce carbon dioxide as a byproduct of aerobic respiration.
C) we produce carbon dioxide as a byproduct of transmission of nerve impulses across synapses.
D) carbon dioxide is a byproduct of photosynthesis.
E) carbon dioxide dissolves better in blood than does oxygen.
81) If a doctor tells you to bring all of the bags with blood components that you can find in the lab refrigerator to the operating room, what would you leave behind?
A) lymph
B) red blood cells
C) white blood cells
D) plasma
E) platelets
82) Blood transports the most carbon dioxide in what form?
A) as bicarbonate ions
B) in red blood cells
C) dissolved in the plasma
D) bound to hemoglobin
E) bound to myoglobin
83) The most important signal that the brain uses to set the breathing rate is the level of blood
A) nitrogen.
B) oxygen.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) sulfur.
E) hemoglobin.
84) Air moves into the lungs when the air pressure in the lungs is ________ than the air pressure outside of the lungs. This occurs when the muscles of the diaphragm ________.
A) lower; relax
B) lower; contract
C) higher; relax
D) higher; contract
85) Since hemoglobin has a greater affinity for carbon monoxide than for oxygen, what would be a symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning?
A) hyperactivity
B) increased blood pH
C) decreased exhalation of oxygen
D) increased heart rate
E) decreased ATP production
86) Sleep apnea is temporarily ceasing to breathe and is more common in people who are overweight. Excess fat in the neck compresses the ________ cutting off air flow.
A) larynx
B) thorax
C) bronchi
D) lungs
E) alveoli
87) In cystic fibrosis, a thick dry mucus builds up in the alveoli. Which would you expect to occur in these patients?
A) decreased rate of respiration
B) increased diffusion of carbon dioxide into capillaries from the alveoli
C) decreased blood flow to the alveoli
D) increased blood flow to the alveoli
E) decreased diffusion of oxygen into capillaries from the alveoli
88) Emphysema is caused by destruction of the walls between alveoli, leading to hyperinflation of the lungs. In the lungs of a person with emphysema, there will be decreased
A) uptake of carbon dioxide.
B) uptake of glucose.
C) uptake of oxygen.
D) rate of respiration.
E) heart rate.
89) Blood in the pulmonary artery would have ________ oxygen and ________ carbon dioxide than blood in the pulmonary vein.
A) more; less
B) the same; less
C) less; more
D) more; the same
E) less; less
90) What drives the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the bloodstream?
A) active transport against a concentration gradient
B) facilitated diffusion down a concentration gradient
C) facilitated diffusion against a concentration gradient
D) diffusion down a concentration gradient
E) the heart pumping the oxygen into the bloodstream
91) What drives the movement of carbon dioxide from tissue into the bloodstream?
A) active transport against a concentration gradient
B) facilitated diffusion down a concentration gradient
C) diffusion down a concentration gradient
D) facilitated diffusion against a concentration gradient
E) the heart pumping the carbon dioxide into the bloodstream
92) The hormone erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates the production of red blood cells. What effect would this have on transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide?
A) Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport would both decrease.
B) Oxygen transport would decrease, carbon dioxide transport would not be affected much.
C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport would both increase.
D) Oxygen transport would decrease, carbon dioxide transport would increase.
E) Oxygen transport would increase, carbon dioxide transport would decrease.
93) The concentration of oxygen is decreased at high altitude. Why would this make it harder for a person to get enough oxygen into their blood?
A) Hemoglobin cannot bind oxygen well at low concentrations.
B) The concentration gradient from the alveoli to the blood decreases.
C) People are working harder at high altitude and have higher demands for oxygen.
D) The concentration of oxygen in the blood is too low for diffusion into tissues.
E) The heart cannot obtain enough energy to pump oxygen into the blood from the alveoli.
94) A frog can absorb oxygen through its skin and lungs. Which is an advantage of absorbing oxygen through the lungs?
A) The heart pumps oxygen from the lungs into the bloodstream.
B) Oxygen absorbed in the lungs enters the blood stream.
C) Air in the lungs has a higher concentration of oxygen than air in the atmosphere.
D) Oxygen diffuses across cells more slowly than across the lining of the lungs.
E) Lungs have more surface area than the skin.
95) Which is a trend observed in the evolution of respiratory surfaces and lungs in vertebrates?
A) increased size
B) the presence of capillaries
C) increased surface area
D) gain in the ability to absorb oxygen across the skin
E) ability to move air into the lungs
96) Why could a human not absorb enough oxygen through the skin, as opposed to creatures like sea anemones?
A) Our surface area to volume ratio is too high for oxygen to reach all tissues.
B) Sea anemones live in water, and there is more oxygen available.
C) Our surface area to volume ratio is too low for oxygen to reach all tissues.
D) Our capillaries do not come close enough to the skin to absorb oxygen.
E) Sea anemones have a larger heart relative to the rest of their body.
97) The smooth muscle of the diaphragm expands the lungs and the skeletal muscle of the lungs regulates airflow to the alveoli.
98) Each alveolus of the lung is a small sac with a wall of epithelial tissue that is many layers thick, thereby providing structural support for the air sacs.
99) The medulla has receptors that monitor H+ concentrations in the blood.
100) Medicine is taken to relieve pain. In which system will the medicine reach the site the fastest?
A) open circulatory system
B) closed circulatory system
C) no muscular system
D) incomplete digestive system
E) complete digestive system
101) A cut is made into the tissue of a living organism. In what system will the blood flow out of the organism be the fastest?
A) open circulatory system
B) closed circulatory system
C) open digestive system
D) open respiratory system
E) closed respiratory system
102) In which of the following organisms does oxygenated blood leave the heart?
A) fishes only
B) mammals only
C) birds only
D) all vertebrates
E) birds and mammals only
103) List the correct order of the terms below that describe the travel of an oxygen molecule in the blood from the heart to a muscle cell.
A) heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, interstitial fluid
B) capillaries, venules, veins, heart
C) heart, capillaries, venules, veins
D) heart, capillaries, arterioles, arteries, interstitial fluid
E) heart, capillaries, arterioles, arteries, alveoli