Freshwater And Marine Communities Test Bank Answers Ch.5 2e

Chapter 5 Freshwater and Marine Communities

Multiple Choice

1. Transpiration is the process by which water
2. enters an aquifer.
3. evaporates from the stomata.
4. is taken in by the roots.
5. loss is prevented during photosynthesis.
6. none of the above
7. The compensation point occurs where
8. sufficient light is available that photosynthesis balances respiration.
9. plants must compensate for water loss.
10. respiration compensates for lost photosynthesis.
11. transpiration is balanced by evaporation.
12. none of the above
13. Two streams without tributaries that join together form a
14. river.
15. creek.
16. 3rd order stream.
17. 2nd order stream.
18. none of the above
19. In the river continuum
20. autochthonous sources are most important near the headwaters.
21. the gradient is highest where the river is largest.
22. phytoplankton are important energy sources in the lower river.
23. oxygen is usually higher in the lower river.
24. none of the above
25. Lakes become stratified
26. because waters of different density tend not to mix.
27. the thermocline disappears.
28. the epilimnion lies above the hypolimnion.
29. oxygen is limiting.
30. none of the above
31. The salt in oceans
32. is constant across the earth’s oceans.
33. usually exceeds 3.8 percent.
34. depends entirely on inputs from land.
35. is no longer in equilibrium.
36. none of the above
37. The biological pump in the ocean
38. circulates oxygen.
39. moves carbon toward the surface.
40. moves carbon to deeper waters.
41. is independent of the atmosphere.
42. none of the above
43. Swamps are characterized by
44. woody vegetation.
45. herbaceous vegetation.
46. constant water levels.
47. no hydroperiod.
48. none of the above
49. Which of the following is not characteristic of bogs?
50. They are typically found at high latitude.
51. They are characterized by low pH.
52. They are characterized by multiple water outlets.
53. Sphagnum moss is a dominant plant species.
54. none of the above
55. Which of the following is a mismatch?
56. pelagic zone/shallow water
57. benthic zone/deepest water
58. profundal zone/below the compensation point
59. littoral zone/shallow water
60. none of the above
61. Which of the following is not true of coral reefs?
62. The have high species diversity.
63. They occur only where the water temperature exceeds 20^oC.
64. Corals form the substrate and habitat for other species.
65. Photosynthesis is performed by zooxanthellae.
66. none of the above
67. The red mangrove
68. does not reproduce by seed.
69. pioneers new mangrove swamps.
70. is the least salt tolerant species of mangrove.
71. cannot tolerate tidal changes.
72. none of the above
73. The critical physical factor in an estuary is
74. wave action.
75. tidal surge.
76. the presence of tide pools.
77. salinity.
78. none of the above
79. Tide pools
80. form only on soft substrates.
81. maintain constant abiotic factors.
82. are filled only at high tide.
83. contain only sessile animals.
84. none of the above
85. Terminal lakes form
86. in basins with no outlet.
87. where 12th order streams join.
88. are usually eutrophic.
89. often have very high species diversity.
90. none of the above
91. Mangrove communities
92. are important habitat for marine animal reproduction.
93. have no economic value.
94. are composed of herbaceous vegetation.
95. have extreme tidal range.
96. none of the above

True/False

1. Aquatic biomes are identified by the dominant vegetation.
2. Swamps and marshes are synonymous terms.
3. The salt concentration of the oceans is slowly increasing.
4. Short-wavelength light penetrates water more deeply than long-wavelength light.
5. The atmosphere is an important source of both carbon and oxygen in aquatic systems.
6. When CO₂ dissolves in a lake it increases the pH.
7. Oxygen is produced in the hypolimnion.
8. The highest density of water occurs at 4^oC.
9. Tidal ranges tend to be higher at high latitude.
10. Wetlands are defined as habitats that are always flooded.

Short Answer/Fill in the Blank

1. Excess production by photosynthesis in aquatic systems is known as __________ .
2. The hydrologic cycle is driven by __________ and __________.
3. Energy sources from within an aquatic system are known as __________ sources; external energy sources are known as __________ sources.
4. __________ are the product of wind-generated circular rotation of water whereas wind and the Coriolis force generates __________.
5. Marshes are characterized by __________ vegetation whereas swamps are characterized by __________ vegetation.

Matching

Match the features on the right with the aquatic community on the left.

Aquatic System Feature

rivers and streams Carnivorous plants

lakes and ponds low productivity

marsh high species diversity

swamp tide pools

bogs threatened by dams

open ocean salt tolerant woody plants

coral reef strong salinity gradients

mangrove swamp thermocline

rocky intertidal waterfowl breeding habitat

estuary cypress “knees”

Answers:

rivers and streams threatened by dams

lakes and ponds thermocline

marsh waterfowl breeding habitat

swamp cypress “knees”

bogs carnivorous plants

open ocean low productivity

coral reef high species diversity

mangrove swamp salt tolerant woody plants

rocky intertidal tide pools

estuary strong salinity gradients