Exam Questions Fouberg Testbank Development Chapter 10 - Human Geography 12e | Digital Test Bank by Erin H. Fouberg. DOCX document preview.
Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture, 12th Edition
Chapter 10 Testbank: Development
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following has the highest per capita Gross National Income (GNI)?
a) Japan
b) United States
c) Norway
d) India
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
2. ________________ processes in the commodity chain involve technology, education, research and development, and high wages.
a) Core
b) Value-added
c) Neo-colonial
d) Periphery
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
3. Which of the following is not associated with core production processes?
a) technology
b) low-wage labor
c) education
d) research and development
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
4. The word “development” implies
a) progress.
b) colonialism.
c) lowering of wages through mechanization.
d) technology.
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
5. Modern ideas of development are related to
a) the Industrial Revolution.
b) the Agricultural Revolution.
c) gross domestic product.
d) religious views of equity.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
6. ___________________measures the total value of goods and services produced by a country’s corporations and individuals both inside and outside of the country.
a) Gross National Income
b) Gross Domestic Product
c) Gross National Product
d) per capita GNI
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
7. Gross domestic product measures only
a) home-based output.
b) the informal economy.
c) the productivity of individuals.
d) production only within a country.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
8. Which of the following country’s efforts to promote education, by providing financial incentive to families to enroll and send their children to school, has had the most success?
a) South Africa’s Child Support Grant
b) Rwanda’s increased school funding
c) Brazil’s Bolsa Familia
d) None of the above
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
9. Which does not make up a portion of Colombia’s GNI?
a) professional sports franchises
b) tourism
c) coffee production
d) drug trafficking
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
10. Each of the following is included as one of the Sustainable Development Goals except:
a) Eradicating hunger
b) Quality education
c) Increasing automobile ownership
d) Promoting gender equality and empowering women
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
11. According to a United Nations assessment in 2014, each of the world regions listed had made progress in reducing undernourishment except:
a) Southeast Asia
b) Caucasus and Central Asia
c) Eastern Asia
d) Western Asia
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
12. High levels of development can be determined by measurement of access to railways, roads, airline connections, telephones, radio and television, etc. These are collectively referred to as
a) infrastructure.
b) dependency measures.
c) formal economy.
d) commodity connections.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
13. The overall dependency ratio measures:
a) family size
b) percent of the population on welfare
c) the number of younger people plus the number of older people per 100 workers
d) average number of hours of work to feed a family of four
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
14. Which is not among the five stages of Rostow’s development model?
a) traditional
b) take-off
c) high-mass consumption
d) collapse-decline
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
15. Rostow’s model, developed in the early 1960s, was based upon the experience of
a) financial economists.
b) Latin American countries.
c) China.
d) Western modernization.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
16. ____________ is the only country in East Asia with an old age dependency ratio over 40.
a) China
b) South Korea
c) Mongolia
d) Japan
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
17. Even if the Gross National Product (GNP) index is used to measure the well-being of a country, it will fail to show
a) growth in secondary industries (manufacturing).
b) the distribution of wealth.
c) growth within tertiary industries (services).
d) growth within primary industries (mining, forestry, agriculture, fishing).
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
18. The principal structuralist alternative to Rostow’s model of economic development is known as
a) the “takeoff” model.
b) the liberal model.
c) the modernization model.
d) dependency theory.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
19. The continuation of colonial relationships even after political independence is referred to as
a) precondition to take-off.
b) modernization model.
c) neocolonialism.
d) independence movement.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
20. Theories which hold that economic disparities are built into the global economic system are referred to as
a) structuralist theories.
b) modernization theories.
c) liberal theories.
d) neo-capitalist theories.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
21. El Salvador abandoned its currency, the Colon, in favor of the U.S. dollar. This process is referred to as
a) re-structuration.
b) re-colonization.
c) international monetizing.
d) dollarization.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
22. Wallerstein’s three-tier regionalization of the world includes all of the following except
a) core.
b) semi-core.
c) periphery.
d) semi-periphery.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
23. Countries in which tier of Wallerstein’s world-systems model typically have both low levels of HDI and also high younger-person dependency ratios?
a) core
b) island of development
c) semi-periphery
d) periphery
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
24. Young girls trafficked from the periphery to wealthier regions most often work as
a) domestic workers/street vendors.
b) industrial labor.
c) agricultural labor.
d) construction workers.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
25. The ___________________of the United Nations are aimed at improving the conditions of the people with the lowest standard of living.
a) Dependency Ratios
b) Modernization Models
c) Sustainable Development Goals
d) International Monetary Fund
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
26. _________ have low levels of human development, according to the Human Development Index (2017)?
a) Democratic Republic of the Congo and Mali
b) Argentina and Brazil
c) Japan and South Korea
d) Australia and New Zealand
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
27. Theorists have created development models to help countries develop; these models are used as guides by:
a) Governments
b) Nongovernmental organizations
c) International financial institutions
d) All of the above
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
28. The extreme soil erosion in arid and semiarid areas leading to the expansion of deserts, called desertification, is caused by:
a) overgrazing of livestock
b) climatic fluctuations
c) intensification of agriculture
d) all of the above
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
29. The example of Zimbabwe illustrates which barrier to development?
a) Unchecked industrial growth
b) Corrupt leadership
c) Defaulting on foreign debt
d) Educational access
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
30. Argentina’s severe economic crisis in 2001 and default on its external debt in 2002 was triggered by:
a) Neoliberal reforms
b) High debt obligation
c) Unchecked government spending
d) All of the above
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
31. Economic development in some African states (e.g. Zimbabwe) is hampered by
a) drought.
b) religions intolerance.
c) corrupt governments.
d) drop in the price of oil.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
32. Sub-Saharan Africa has lost more than 270,000 square miles (700,000 square km) of farmland in the past 50 years due to:
a) Mechanization
b) NAFTA
c) Tourism
d) Desertification
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
33. Mexico has established export processing zones with special tax, trade and regulatory arrangements for foreign firms. This phenomena is referred to as
a) maquiladoras.
b) haciendas.
c) border cities.
d) NAFTA zones.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
34. Subsistence forms of agriculture in peripheral areas produce __________ yields per unit area.
a) lower
b) higher
c) better
d) organic
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
35. Human patterns of use as well as _________ contribute to desertification in Africa.
a) colonialism
b) climate change
c) pollution
d) poor infrastructure
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
36. In peripheral countries it is not unusual for hotels in tourist areas to be owned by
a) worker’s cooperatives.
b) local or regional governments.
c) local owner operators.
d) multinational corporations.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
37. Many tourist areas in peripheral regions are beach resorts. In 2017, a ______ hit the island of St. Maarten destroying its tourist accommodations.
a) cockroach infestation
b) a hurricane
c) prolonged drought
d) terror attack
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
38. The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the United States, with 80% unemployment and per capita income under $8,000, illustrates ______________ within a core area country.
a) cultural choices
b) peripheral processes
c) core processes
d) preconditions for takeoff stage
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Understand how political and economic institutions influence uneven development within states.
39. Core area agriculture is characterized by
a) mechanization.
b) organic production.
c) personal consumption.
d) all of the above
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
40. Establishment of government quotas on imports (e.g. cotton shirts or steel) to the U.S. has led to
a) a decrease in Chinese shirt production.
b) an increase in Chinese wages.
c) a collapse of the U.S. market for shirts.
d) a shifting of production from country to country in the periphery and semi-periphery.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Understand how political and economic institutions influence uneven development within states.
41. When a government or company builds up and concentrates economic development in a particular city of small region, geographers call that place
a) an economic liability
b) an island of development
c) a nongovernmental organization
d) none of the above
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Understand how political and economic institutions influence uneven development within states.
42. A look at the maps of Nigeria, Pakistan and Brazil would show that when governments established new post-colonial capitals, they moved away from
a) swamps.
b) deserts.
c) areas of ethnic discord.
d) coastal port areas.
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Application
Learning Objective: Understand how political and economic institutions influence uneven development within states.
43. Port Gentil, Gabon was built by
a) an ancient Gabonese civilization.
b) British colonizers.
c) European oil companies.
d) migrants fleeing the Congo.
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Analysis
Learning Objective: Understand how political and economic institutions influence uneven development within states.
44. Thousands of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Bangladesh constitute what can be called
a) a parallel state.
b) colonial enclaves.
c) development islands.
d) subversive zones.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Understand how political and economic institutions influence uneven development within states.
45. Microcredit programs have been successful in many places with the exception of
a) tropical regions.
b) places with high AIDS mortality rates.
c) areas with male dominance.
d) desert regions.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Understand how political and economic institutions influence uneven development within states.
46. __________ give loans to poor people, preferably women, to encourage development of small businesses.
a) NGOs
b) Microcredit programs
c) Structural adjustment loans
d) Maquiladoras
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Understand how political and economic institutions influence uneven development within states.
True/False
47. GNI is a limited measure because it only includes transactions in the formal economy.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
48.GNI per capita only measures outputs, so it does not take into account externalities like environmental damage (e.g., resource depletion, air pollution).
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
49. Gross national product (GNP) measures the value of officially recorded goods and services produced within a country.
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
50. A high percentage of laborers engaged in the production of food staples indicates a low, overall level of development.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
51. Core-periphery theory can operate at a number of scales. For example, Los Angeles can be described as the core of Southern California.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
52. Geographers are attracted to world systems theory because it incorporates space, time and politics in understanding development.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
53. One benefit of being in a peripheral region of the world economy is that goods and services are low cost, so education is often free as well.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
54. In the US, there is no area threatened by desertification.
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Analysis
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
55. Critics of maquiladoras say that companies build factories in Mexico to avoid U.S. employment and environmental regulations.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Understand how political and economic institutions influence uneven development within states.
56. Port Gentil is an example of an island of development.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Knowledge
Learning Objective: Understand how political and economic institutions influence uneven development within states.
57. The world economic system works to disadvantage periphery countries.
Difficulty: Easy
Blooms: Comprehension
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
Essay
58. Describe the regional inequality in the peripheral regions. Why is this a growing problem?
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Application
Learning Objective: Explain how development is defined and measured.
59. Discuss Rostow’s stages of modernization model and give examples of countries you believe exemplify each stage.
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
60. What is the major difference between Rostow’s and Wallerstein’s models of development? Compare and contrast the idea of core processes and peripheral processes with Rostow’s notion of progressive stages of economic advancement.
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Application
Learning Objective: Describe the nature and limitations of development models.
61. Define Gross National Product. Discuss per capita GNP and apply Wallerstein’s three-tier regionalization (core, semi-periphery, and periphery) to divide the world into three development regions. Give examples of countries in each region.
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Application
Learning Outcome: Explain how development is defined and measured.
62. Discuss several types of barriers to development. What can governments do to remove those barriers?
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Application
Learning Objective: Explain major influences on development and its costs.
63. There are extremes of development within all countries. Describe places at each end of the spectrum within a developed county and compare the description with places of extreme wealth and poverty within a peripheral country. In what ways are they similar and in what ways do they differ?
Difficulty: Medium
Blooms: Application
Learning Objective: Understand how political and economic institutions influence uneven development within states.
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc. or the author, All rights reserved. Instructors who are authorized users of this course are permitted to download these materials and use them in connection with the course. Except as permitted herein or by law, no part of these materials should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise.