Chapter 12 Complete Test Bank Testbank Industry And Services

Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture, 12^th Edition

Chapter 12 Testbank: Industry and Services

Multiple Choice

1. Nearly ______ percent of long-distance cargo is now shipped in standard containers.

a) 90

b) 50

c) 25

d) 70

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

2. In 1925, one area of Boston had sales offices for over _____ shoe factories.

a) 300

b) 100

c) 25

d) 3

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

3. In the early eighteenth century, British textiles were manufactured

a) in India.

b) early rural factories.

c) in large urban factories.

d) in homes on hand looms.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

4. Who laid the groundwork for the colonial expansion of Europe?

a) the British Government

b) the French Government

c) Europe’s commercial companies

d) Europe’s military forces

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

5. The first power source of the Industrial Revolution was

a) running water.

b) steam engines.

c) electricity.

d) windmills.

Difficulty: Hard

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

6. Burning coal in a near vacuum produced a much hotter burning, pure carbon fuel called:

a) super coal.

b) coke.

c) charcoal.

d) Bessemer fuel.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

7. The first commercial railroad in England was opened in

a) 1750.

b) 1800.

c) 1830.

d) 1875.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

8. British investors and businesses held a near monopoly over __________________

a) international transportation.

b) the sources of raw materials.

c) many products.

d) all available labor.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

9. In Britain, the proximity of what three things gave an unsurpassed advantage to the development of early industry?

a) forests for charcoal, domestic markets, and iron ores

b) coal fields, iron ores, and coastal ports

c) an internal railroad system, cotton for textiles, and domestic markets

d) good highways, coal fields, and coastal ports

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

10. Regarding capital flows to Europe in 1775, Lisbon is to South America and Asia as ____________ is to the Caribbean and S. America.

a) London

b) Bordeaux

c) Cadiz

d) Nantes

Difficulty: Hard

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

11. Industry diffusing to Western Europe involved, as in Britain, the locational criteria: coalfields, water, communication, and ____________

a) iron ore.

b) markets.

c) labor.

d) ports.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

12. Saxony is to Germany in the 1860s as ____________ is to Ukraine and Russia in the 1880s.

a) Austria

b) the Donbas

c) the Black Sea

d) Selesia

Difficulty: Hard

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

13. The Ruhr industrial area is connected to the port of Rotterdam by

a) railroads.

b) cart roads.

c) the Rhine River.

d) the North Sea.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

14. Some industrial regions emerge because of their raw materials combinations. Which of the following is not an example of such a region?

a) the Ruhr

b) Saxony

c) the Donbas

d) London

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

15. The relocation of industry to cities like Paris and London was facilitated by

a) their location in coalfields.

b) government grants.

c) low cost of urban labor.

d) development of railroads.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

16. ________________ are considered secondary industrial hearths.

a) Italy and Spain

b) Eastern North America, South Korea and Taiwan

c) Eastern North America, western Russia and Ukraine, and East Asia

d) Brazil and Argentina

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

17. The increase in time and cost with distance is referred to as

a) production costs.

b) distribution costs.

c) friction of distance.

d) distance decay.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

18. Which cost of Weber’s has changed the most today since his writing?

a) agglomeration

b) the location of raw materials.

c) transportation.

d) weight of products.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

19. When Alfred Weber published his book Theory of the Location of Industries (1909), what did he select as the critical determinant of regional industrial location?

a) availability of labor

b) nearby markets

c) costs of labor

d) transportation costs

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

20. If a substantial number of enterprises all develop in, or move to, the same area the factor is called

a) cluster.

b) focus.

c) agglomeration.

d) intensity.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

21. ________________ involves keeping a small inventory for short-term production and new parts are shipped quickly as needed.

a) Just-in-time delivery.

b) Least Cost Theory.

c) Fordist production.

d) Global division of labor.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

22. Industrialization occurred along an axis from Northern France through North-Central Germany to Czech Republic and South Poland. This axis correlates with________ as a locational factor.

a) population

b) coalfields

c) major ports

d) the trend of the drainage system

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

23. ____________ still ranks among the world’s leading producers of both coal and steel.

a) Japan

b) Egypt

c) Germany

d) South Korea

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

24. In the United States, most interstate oil pipelines originate:

a) in Pennsylvania.

b) in New Mexico.

c) along the Gulf of Mexico in Texas and Louisiana.

d) in the Appalachian Mountains.

Difficulty: Hard

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

25. The Rust Belt is to the United States as the ___________ is to China.

a) Kanto Plain

b) Shanghai Basin

c.) Northeast District

d) Nanchang Region

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

26. One of Europe’s largest industrial complexes is

a) the Ruhr.

b) British Midlands.

c) Silesia.

d) all of the above.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

27. What advantages does India have that signal continued economic growth?

a) a growing middle class

b) a large labor force

c) hydroelectric potential

d) all of the above

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

28. Manufacturing in North America began in _____ during the colonial period.

a) New York

b) Boston

c) Philadelphia

d) New England

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

29. Raw materials play an important role in industrial location. In the northeastern United States, what is the orientation of this industry?

a) in the mountains where the iron ore is located

b) in the interior for good rail connections

c) along major rivers for a water supply

d) along the coast to facilitate imports of iron ore

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

30. New York City, like other large urban centers with great ports, is called a break of bulk location because

a) plentiful labor is available to unload massive cargo ships.

b) markets are readily available for shipped goods.

c) large dock warehouses are available where goods can be stored until sold.

d) transported cargo can be transferred from one kind of carrier to another.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

31. ___________has the title of Special Administrative District, which gives it a great deal of autonomy.

a) Shanghai

b) Tibet

c) Hong Kong

d) Taiwan

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

32. _______________ is a city on the Pearl Delta with a huge textile plant providing opportunities for its workers. While they are required to work nine hours a day at a set amount, many work more hours and are compensated by items produced during those hours.

a) Hong Kong

b) Humen

c) Shanghai

d) Macao

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

33. This area is one of Russia’s oldest manufacturing centers.

a) Ukraine

b) Volga

c) Urals

d) St. Petersburg

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

34. After World War I, this region produced much of the coal needed to help the Soviet Union industrialize.

a) Krivoy Rog

b) Siberia

c) Ukraine

d) Kuzbas

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

35. Most container ships are designed to fit through

a. the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal

b. the Suzhou Canal

c. the canal system of England

d. the canals of Venice

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

36. In which country does industry not lie near sources of raw material?

a) China

b) Japan

c) India

d) the United States

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

37. On August 15, 2010 ___________ surpassed Japan as the world’s second largest economy

a) India

b) the United States

c) South Korea

d) China

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

38. Japan’s dominant industrial region is

a) Kitakyushu.

b) Toyama.

c) Kanto Plain.

d) Kansai.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

39. The largest producer of furniture in the world is located in _____________.

a) North Carolina

b) Sweden

c) Amish country

d) Germany

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

40. Mass production of standardized goods using assembly line techniques is referred to as:

a) Fordist.

b) manufacturing.

c) global production.

d) mass production.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

41. Fast, flexible production of small lots with outsourcing around the world is referred to as:

a) Fordist.

b) post-Fordist.

c) socialist.

d) colonial production.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

42. The type of manufacturing that is more likely to be located in peripheral countries is

a) technical design.

b) labor-intensive.

c) low-labor needs.

d) high-tech.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

43. By 1990, the only American company that was making color television sets was

a) Motorola.

b) Zenith.

c) General Electric.

d) Toshiba.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

44. In 2014, Saudi Arabia and _____________ were the world’s two largest oil producers.

a) Iran

b) Iraq

c) Mexico

d) the United States

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

45. Television research and design takes place in the

a) core area.

b) periphery.

c) semi-periphery.

d) universities of India and China.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

46. During the 1970s, U.S. television manufacturers began to move productions “offshore” to places such as special zones on the Mexican border called

a) industrial cities.

b) peripheral production zones.

c) technopoles.

d) maquiladoras.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

47. Current amounts of goods and resources moving in the global system would be impossible without the invention of

a) aircraft.

b) container systems.

c) bulk cargo ships.

d) railroads.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

48. Over 50 percent of the goods entering Europe come through two ports in

a) Luxembourg.

b) Belgium.

c) Netherlands.

d) Germany.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the industrial revolution.

49. Which country has no major oil reserves?

a) the Netherlands

b) Russia

c) United States

d) India

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

50. United States production of oil in recent years’ averages ____ percent of the world’s total.

a) 25

b) 18

c) 8

d) 10

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

51. Between 1940 and the early 1960s, China’s industrial growth was aided by

a) Soviet planners.

b) the location of raw materials.

c) improved transportation.

d) the distribution of the work force.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

52. China’s “Pittsburgh” is

a) Shenyang.

b) Shanghai.

c) Hong Kong.

d) Beijing.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

53. The second largest industrial district in China developed around _______, China’s largest city.

a) Beijing

b) Shanghai

c) Tianjin

d) Xianggang

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

54. Service industries include _____ industries.

a) tertiary

b) secondary

c) quaternary

d) quinary

e) a, c, and d

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Determine how deindustrialization and the rise of service industries have altered the economic geography of trade.

55. People working in the ___________ sector of economic activity tend to have high levels of specialized knowledge or technical skills.

a) quaternary

b) tertiary

c) secondary

d) primary

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Determine how deindustrialization and the rise of service industries have altered the economic geography of trade.

56. The most important locational factor for the service sector is

a) energy.

b) transportation.

c) market.

d) labor.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Determine how deindustrialization and the rise of service industries have altered the economic geography of trade.

57. Fayetteville, Arkansas has become a ________________ because of Wal-Mart.

a) break-of-bulk point

b) techno pole

c) growth pole

d) the most polluted city in America

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Determine how deindustrialization and the rise of service industries have altered the economic geography of trade.

58. Technopoles, a collection of high-technology industries, can be found in a number of countries. Which of the following is not a region containing one of these countries?

a) Eastern Asia

b) Africa

c) Australia

d) North America

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Determine how deindustrialization and the rise of service industries have altered the economic geography of trade.

59. High-technology corridors have sprung up in the global economic core. The resulting collection of high-tech industries has been called a technopole with the best known being California’s “Silicon Valley.” A similar concentration has appeared around the city of ______________ in the eastern United States.

a) New York

b) Philadelphia

c) Richmond

d) Boston

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Determine how deindustrialization and the rise of service industries have altered the economic geography of trade.

60. Technopoles tend to locate near

a) raw materials.

b) cheap labor.

c) electricity supplies.

d) centers of research and development (major research universities).

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Determine how deindustrialization and the rise of service industries have altered the economic geography of trade.

True/False

61. Industry actually developed long before the Industrial Revolution.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the Industrial Revolution.

62. The cast iron bridge at Coalbrookdale, England, reflects the resources and technology of its time.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the Industrial Revolution.

63. Weber’s industrial location theory considered labor to be the most important cost.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

64. Much of the Ruhr area has been converted from abandoned steel mills to tourist attractions.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

65. After World War I, Russia annexed Bosnia for its resources.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the Industrial Revolution.

66. Ford’s River Rouge plant is an example of vertical integration.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

67. St. Petersburg is one of Russia’s oldest manufacturing centers.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the Industrial Revolution.

68. The northeast industrial region of China (Shenyang) is today growing faster than other industrial regions in China.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

69. Japan has developed its industrial economy due to its abundant supplies of coal and iron ore.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

70. The Seto Inland Sea is an important route-way and focal point of Japan’s industry.

Difficulty: Hard

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

71. Production of mass numbers of products is concentrated in the periphery and semi-periphery.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

72. Numerous regional trade organizations are in existence today.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

73. Most of China’s recent industrial growth feeds the growing domestic market.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

74. The shift from coal to oil explains the recent industrialization of the Middle East.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

75. China is a major recipient of industrial work outsourced from other countries.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain global patterns of industrial production.

76. Technopoles locate near major universities and centers of research and development.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Determine how deindustrialization and the rise of service industries have altered the economic geography of trade.

Essay

77. Describe where the Industrial Revolution began? Analyze the conditions that supported its development. To what areas of Europe did the revolution spread and why?

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Describe the hearth and diffusion of the Industrial Revolution.

78. Describe the American Manufacturing Belt. When and how did this region develop? What impact has post-Fordism and deindustrialization had on this region?

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

79. What is outsourcing? What is offshore production? Choose an industry (televisions, Nike shoes, etc.) and discuss the global division of labor.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Determine how deindustrialization and the rise of service industries have altered the economic geography of trade.

80. Analyze Weber’s Least Cost theory. Be sure to include what his theory entails, and if it still holds true today.

Difficulty: Hard

Blooms: Synthesis

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

81. Analyze the two new economic concentrations of special manufacturing export zones and high technology corridors. Describe them in terms of what they entail, where they develop, and how they are connected.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Explain how and why the geography of industrial production has changed.

82. Discuss the tertiary, quaternary and quinary sectors of economic activity. Identify and describe the categories. How are they tied to deindustrialization? Analyze how places have adjusted to the shift of service industries and give examples from your area if applicable.

Difficulty: Hard

Blooms: Synthesis

Learning Objective: Determine how deindustrialization and the rise of service industries have altered the economic geography of trade.

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