Test Bank Docx Testbank Agriculture Chapter 11

Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture, 12^th Edition

Chapter 11 Testbank: Agriculture

Multiple Choice

1. Genetic engineering now allows the growing of new strains of soybeans in more arid regions of the Plains States to meet the demand of the ___________ industry.

a) cattle feed

b) bio-diesel fuel

c) tofu/organic food

d) grain export

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

2. Organic food sales in the United States now constitute _____ percent of all food sales.

a) 3.4

b) 25

c) 10

d) 5.7

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

3. Organic food is found in _____ areas.

a) core.

b) semi-periphery.

c) periphery.

d) all.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

4. Grains, other plant life, vegetable oils, and animal fats can be converted into fuel, either _________ or biodiesel.

a) ethanol

b) gasoline

c) inorganic fuel

d) petrol

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Analyze how commercial agriculture operates.

5. The two countries that account for 85 percent of the ethanol produced worldwide are

a) United States and Canada.

b) United States and Brazil.

c) United States and Russia.

d) United States and Mexico.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Analyze how commercial agriculture operates.

6. Which is not an example of a primary economic activity?

a) corn flake production

b) iron ore production

c) lobster fishing

d) forestry

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Analyze how commercial agriculture operates.

7. Guatemala attempted to introduce land reform by renting unused agricultural land owned by foreign corporations to landless citizens. This was met with considerable resistance from the ______ and led to a United States backed coup in 1954.

a) Guatemalan government

b) citizens of Guatemala

c) President of Guatemala

d) United Fruit Company

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

8. The ratio of percent of labor force to percent of GDP in the agricultural sector of Canada (3% of labor force: 2.3% of GDP) indicates that Canada’s agricultural sector is ______________ intensive.

a) labor

b) machine

c) subsistence

d) small scale

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Analyze how commercial agriculture operates.

9. Hunter-gatherers living in the vicinity of the Pacific Ocean specialized in

a) salmon fishing.

b) bison hunting.

c) deer hunting.

d) acorn collection.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

10. According to Carl Sauer, the earliest plant domestication

a) was prompted by scarcity.

b) began out of the luxury of a reliable food supply.

c) was associated with seed crops.

d) was occurred in tropical middle America.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

11. Most scholars believe that seed cultivation (First Agricultural Revolution) occurred in

a) Asia.

b) the Fertile Crescent.

c) tropical Africa.

d) the Nile Valley.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

12. Each agricultural hearth was associated with a local grouping of plants. Taro, yams, and rice are associated with the _______________ hearth.

a) Meso-American

b) Southeast Asian

c) Southwest Asian

d) Ethiopia-East African

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

13. Often crops are associated with regions other than the one in which they were developed. For example, the “Irish” or “Idaho” potato originated in the Andean Highlands. Corn of the American “Corn Belt” originated in

a) West Africa.

b) the Fertile Crescent.

c) Central America.

d) Southeast Asia.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

14. Goats were domesticated 10,000 years ago in the Zagros Mountain region of

a) Southeast Asia.

b) North Africa.

c) the Fertile Crescent.

d) Greece.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

15. Cattle were domesticated in and came to be an important cultural feature of

a) Southeast Asia.

b) Central Asia.

c) South Asia.

d) North Africa.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

16. Of the 148 species of large herbivores (over 100 lbs.) _______ have been domesticated and all of these were domesticated over 4,500 years ago.

a) 75

b) 52

c) 26

d) 14

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

17. The source region for the domestication of avocados, tomatoes, and cotton is ___________

a) the upper southeast Asian mainland.

b) Central America.

c) southwest Asia.

d) meso-America.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

18. Which area does not provide a good example of the diversity of hunter-gatherers?

a) oak forests in parts of North America

b) colder climates in North America

c) the Great Plains

d) none of the above

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

19. A form of tropical subsistence agriculture in which fields are rotated after short periods of crop production is

a) subsistence rice cultivation.

b) subsistence wheat cultivation.

c) shifting cultivation.

d) nomadic herding.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

20. Shifting cultivation involves the _________ method of clearing fields.

a) use of natural herbicides

b) intensive hoeing

c) burning

d) use of bulldozers

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

21. Shifting cultivation developed primarily

a. in tropical and subtropical zones

b. where soils cleared for farming quickly lose their nutrients

c. where traditional farmers had to abandon land after the soil became infertile

d. all of the above

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

22. In areas of shifting cultivation the population

a) increases significantly.

b) is sparse.

c) must be large enough to provide surplus labor.

d) never lives in permanent settlements.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

23. Colonial powers would make subsistence farmers

a) grow cash crops only.

b) farm on plantations in addition to farming their own land.

c) grow cash crops in addition to food crops the farmer needed to survive.

d) buy commercial fertilizer at fixed prices.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

24. _________________have changed as rural residents cope with shifting economic, political, and environmental conditions.

a. Land-use patterns

b. Land ownership arrangements

c. Agricultural labor conditions

d. all of the above

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

25. The Second Agricultural Revolution can generally be traced to Europe within what time frame?

a) nineteenth and twentieth century

b) twelfth and thirteenth century

c) fourteenth and fifteenth century

d) seventeenth and eighteenth century

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

26. Which commodity would be found closest to the market town in von Thunen’s model?

a) beef

b) firewood

c) wheat

d) milk

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

27. In von Thunen’s model there was a concentric circle of forest around the city because

a) it would provide lumber and firewood.

b) it would filter out pollution.

c) it provided a recreation area.

d) it would contain the growth of the city.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

28. In China, approximately ________ of the more than 1.3 billion people live in rural areas.

a) 20 percent

b) 30 percent

c) 50 percent

d) 75 percent

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

29. By 1992, the most widely grown crop variety on Earth was a product of the Green Revolution called IR36, which was a variety of

a) rice.

b) wheat.

c) maize.

d) potatoes.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

30. In the 1940s, American philanthropists funded research on this crop. By 1960, Mexico no longer depended on imports as production had risen dramatically. The crop is:

a) coffee.

b) corn (maize).

c) wheat.

d) tomatoes.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

31. The average size of a family farm in China is ________ acres.

a) 75

b) 10

c) 5

d) .5

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

32. The rectangular land division scheme in the United States adopted after the American Revolution is quite unique. Its correct name is:

a) long-lot system.

b) metes and bounds system.

c) township-and-range system.

d) Franklin’s system.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

33. The basic unit of the township-and-range system, the section, has an area of

a) 1 acre.

b) 160 acres.

c) 1 square mile.

d) 36 square miles.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

34. The Township and Range System is to the American Plains as the long-lot survey system is to __________

a) Quebec and Louisiana.

b) Japan.

c) Germany.

d) South Africa

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

35. The most prevalent rural residential pattern in the world’s agricultural areas is

a) dispersed.

b) nucleated.

c) spaced.

d) hierarchical.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

36. The form of villages still existing in many rural landscapes that are reminders of a turbulent past is

a) walled.

b) linear.

c) round.

d) grid.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

37. More modern villages, notably planned rural settlements may be arranged in a ________ pattern. Examples include Ancient Rome and Greece as well as ancient cities in China and Mexico.

a) round.

b) grid

c) linear

d) oval

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

38. ____________ patterns have a profound impact on what can be grown where.

a) Sediment

b) Climate

c) Aviation

d) Animal migration

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

39. The southeastern parts of ____________ and ____________ have the same climate type: humid subtropical.

a) Mexico, Brazil

b) Russia, Spain

c) the United States, China

d) Saudi Arabia, Egypt

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

40. Mediterranean agriculture is found in

a) eastern Spain, northern Italy and northern Egypt.

b) eastern Italy, Greece, northern Tunisia, and eastern Brazil.

c) southern coastal California, central Chile, and Italy.

d) along the northern shore of the Mediterranean and northern Egypt.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

41. An example of a luxury crop is

a) wheat.

b) coffee.

c) corn.

d) potatoes.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Analyze how commercial agriculture operates.

42. In villages everywhere, social stratification is reflected by

a) the dress of the population.

b) the street pattern.

c) the range and quality of village houses.

d) commercial buildings.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

43. The functional differentiation of buildings in farm villages world-wide is greatest in

a) traditional cultures.

b) Asian cultures.

c) African cultures.

d) Western cultures.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

44. Poorer countries, producing such cash crops as sugar,

a) set the market price themselves.

b) are at the mercy of the purchasing countries that set the prices.

c) plant less in order to drive up the prices.

d) cooperate with each other to determine global prices and demand.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

45. Twenty-five percent of world sugar production takes place outside of the tropical plantation region (U.S.A. Western Europe, Russia) and is produced from

a) genetically-modified, cold-tolerant sugar cane.

b) sugar beets.

c) wood cellulose.

d) artificial food chemical processes.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

46. Cotton-growing former colonies include

a) China.

b) Mozambique.

c) Brazil.

d) all of the above.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

47. Rubber plantations have outlasted the period of decolonization in

a) Southern Florida.

b) Southeast Australia.

c) Southeast Asia.

d) Northeastern China.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

48. An agrarian reform program begun in the 1940s and 1950s by the Guatemalan government was stopped when the United States government ___________

a) rented landless citizens land at a low appraised value.

b) supported the overthrow of the Guatemalan government.

c) encouraged subsistence farmers to mechanize.

d) certified Guatemalan farmers as Fair-Trade producers.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

49. Coffee was domesticated in Ethiopia. Today, 70% of production is in

a) Southeast Asia.

b) South Asia.

c) East Africa.

d) Middle and South America.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Analyze how commercial agriculture operates.

50. Coffee growers certified as Fair Trade producers have the following characteristics:

a) they form democratically run cooperatives

b) they are guaranteed a ‘fair trade price’ of $1.40 per pound

c) they are registered on the International Fair-Trade Coffee Register

d) all of the above

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Analyze how commercial agriculture operates.

51. Which of the following agricultural activities is widespread in the northeastern U.S. and northwestern Europe?

a) dairying

b) cotton growing

c) citrus production

d) sugar beet production

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

52. The countries with the most land in organic production include

a) Canada and United States.

b) Ukraine and Kazakhstan.

c) Russia and Canada.

d) Argentina, China and Australia.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Analyze how commercial agriculture operates.

53. Since 1996, a total of 16 states in the United States have legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes, and in 2013 ______________legalized it entirely.

a) Hawaii and Wisconsin

b) California and Nevada

c) New York and Florida

d) Colorado and Washington

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Analyze how commercial agriculture operates.

54. While Southeast Asia exports significant quantities of rice, most farming in the region is a ____________ activity.

a) part-time

b) commercial

c) subsistence

d) mechanized

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

55. The form of agriculture that refers to a particular climate is

a) dairying.

b) Mediterranean.

c) shifting cultivation.

d) livestock ranching.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

56. Which of the following areas does not have a Mediterranean-type climate?

a) central Chile

b) southern Australia

c) southern Florida

d) South Africa’s Cape

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

57. In recent years, many wooded areas in ___________ have been deforested to provide beef for hamburgers for fast-food chains in the United States.

a) East and South Asia

b) West Africa

c) East Africa

d) Central and South America

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Examine the challenges of feeding everyone.

True/False

58. The Green Revolution is considered to have limited impact in parts of the world such as sub-Saharan Africa.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

59. Hunters and gatherers cannot live in permanent settlements.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

60. Agriculture started in one location and then diffused all over the world.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

61. Harvesting requires much more time and labor than planting.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

62. Animals were domesticated in different regions of the world at different times.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

63. Most US farmers are subsistence farmers.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

64. Farmers of the Nile Valley practice shifting cultivation.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

65. Shifting cultivation involves shifting crops (crop rotation) in small permanent fields.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

66. Destruction of subsistence farming communities can cause a breakdown in the culture of the people.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

67. IR8 rice, a genetic cross of Chinese and Indonesian strains, was an early result of the Third Agricultural Revolution.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

68. Because of the Green Revolution, today most famine results from political instability rather than failure of crop production.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Examine the challenges of feeding everyone.

69. The expansion of crop production for export in Latin America has increasingly marginalized subsistence farmers.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

70. The U.S. township-and-range land division scheme was devised in the 1950s.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

71. As societies become more complex, functional differences are seen in buildings.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

72. The predominant land survey system in Texas is metes-and-bounds.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

73. Cattle ranching in North and South America show a spatial pattern similar to Von Thunen’s model since they are located peripheral areas with consumption in the cities.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

74. Even after the end of colonialism, many plantations in the world are still owned by Europeans or Americans.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

75. Very few of Southeast Asia’s rice farmers are subsistence farmers.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

76. Wine production is a feature characteristic of Mediterranean agriculture around the world.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Knowledge

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

Essay

77. Describe the locations of the centers of the First Agricultural Revolution. Give examples of the crops and animals which were domesticated in various places. What demographic and social changes resulted from this revolution in food production?

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

78. What significant changes were seen during the Second Agricultural Revolution? Examine how these were interrelated with the Industrial Revolution.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three agricultural revolutions.

79. Describe the township-and-range system and the American rural landscape it has given rise to (fields, houses, buildings etc.). Where in the American landscape would one not find this system of land survey?

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Application

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

80. Analyze why many poorer countries chose not to discard the old colonial patterns of plantations and cash cropping.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

81. Contrast the production of wheat and rice in the world. Where are they grown and where are they consumed? What are the differences in production methods and export patterns?

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

82. Describe plantation agriculture in terms of distribution, commodities, production, and consumption.

Difficulty: Easy

Blooms: Comprehension

Learning Objective: Explain the map of global agricultural production.

83. Analyze how the rise agribusiness changed the rural landscape and environment.

Difficulty: Medium

Blooms: Analysis

Learning Objective: Describe the spatial patterns of agriculture.

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