Exam Questions Ch.6 Appraisal Experience Regulation Jenkins

Chapter 6:

Appraisal, Experience, Regulation

1. Primary appraisal is:

a. a form of evaluation as to whether an event or person is perceived as threatening or rewarding

b. automatic.

c. linguistic in that emotions are described in words.

d. both a & b.

Source: Page 145

2. Secondary appraisal is:

1. A more deliberative, conscious, complex assessment to decide what to think and what to do about what has happened
2. Automatic
3. Basic operations of the mind
4. Outside of one’s conscious awareness

Source: Page 146

3. In a study by Murphy and Zajonc (1993), when participants were presented with photographs of people smiling or displaying facial anger for a subliminal length of time (i.e., 4 msec) they were:

a. less likely to be biased by subliminal priming when evaluating the facial expression than if the facial expression had been presented for an optimal length of time (i.e., 1 sec).

b. more likely to be biased by subliminal priming when evaluating the facial expression than if the facial expression had been presented for an optimal length of time (i.e., 1 sec).

c. able to remember whether the facial expression was happy or angry but were less accurate when remembering other features of the face (e.g., eyebrow shape and eye color).

d. better at recognizing anger in male faces in than female faces.

Source: Page 146, Figure 6.1

4. Research on primary appraisals of good and bad qualities of an event raises an intriguing question: which is stronger, good or bad? Reviews by Cacioppo and Gardner (1999), Baumeister et al. (2001) and Rozin and Royzman (2001) offer the following answer:

a. negative and positive evaluations are equally potent.

b. negative evaluations are more potent than positive evaluations.

c. positive evaluations are more potent than negative evaluations.

d. at this time it is not possible to come to a conclusive answer and more research is necessary.

Source: Page 147

5. According to the decision tree of appraisals associated with Lazarus’s approach to emotions, the second feature that may be appraised is:

a. goal relevance.

b. goal congruence.

c. ego involvement.

d. costs-benefits analysis.

Source: Page 148, Figure 6.2

6. According to the decision tree of appraisals associated with Lazarus’s approach to emotions, negative emotions may occur if an event is:

a. relevant to our goals.

b. incongruent with our goals.

c. likely to lead to a loss of self.

d. all of the above.

Source: Page 148, Figure 6.2

7. According to the decision tree of appraisals associated with Lazarus’s approach to emotions, sadness is said to be a product of events that:

a. are irrelevant to our goals.

b. damage self-esteem.

c. threaten the self.

d. lead to a loss of self.

Source: Page 148, Figure 6.2

8. Lazarus (1991) and Oatley and Johnson-Laird (1987, 2011) assume that appraisals give rise to distinct emotions. In so doing they are taking a ____________ approach to emotions.

a. dimensional

b. discrete

c. direct

d. determinate

Source: Page 148-149

9. Phoebe Ellsworth and Craig Smith (1985, 1988) developed a theory of appraisal that can account for interesting similarities among emotions. In so doing they are taking a ____________ approach to emotions.

a. direct

b. determinate

c. dimensional

d. discrete

Source: Page 149-150

10. As described by Lazarus (1991), the core relational theme associated with anxiety is:

a. a demeaning offense against me or mine.

b. facing an uncertain, existential threat.

c. facing an immediate, concrete, and overwhelming physical danger.

d. having failed to live up to an ego-ideal.

Source: Page 149, Figure 6.2

11. A gap in approaches to emotions as discrete, according to Ellsworth, is:

1. It does not account for interesting similarities across emotions
2. It does not account for transitions between emotions
3. It does not account for the variety of emotions
4. a & b

Source: Page 150

12. All but which one of the following is a feature of appraisal, as proposed by Smith and Ellsworth (1985)?

a. responsibility

b. anticipated effort

c. attention

d. potency

Source: Page 150-151, Table 6.2

13. The emotion evoked by a situation can depend on perceived agency. An external attribution where events are seen to arise as a consequence of other people’s actions can lead to feelings of _______ when the event is negative and ______ when the event is positive.

a. fear; relief.

b. anger; gratitude.

c. sadness; guilt.

d. resentment; surprise.

Source: Page 151

14. According to Scherer’s Component Process Model, the first appraisal we make is:

1. whether it is novel and relevant to us
2. how certain we are
3. whether it’s conducive to our goals
4. how normative or socially acceptable it is

Source: Page 153

15. The third phase of appraisal is:

a. coping.

b. social sharing.

c. rationalization.

d. adjustment.

Source: Pages 154-155

16. Russell (1991) read hundreds of ethnographies written by anthropologists who had lived in different cultures and were familiar with the language and life of that culture. He found that:

1. Cultures have the same number of words to represent emotions
2. Cultures vary in the number of words that represent emotions
3. All languages have terms for anger, fear, happiness, sadness, and disgust
4. b & c

Source: Page 155

17. The prototype perspective about emotion knowledge assumes that:

a. for each emotion there is a prototypical set of causes, feelings, expressions, thoughts and actions.

b. there is little to no overlap in people’s representations of emotions (e.g., sadness and anger are entirely different from each other).

c. there is a singular type of emotion within each category (e.g., there is one variety of anger).

d. all of the above.

Source: Page 157

18. Some people have a condition called alexithymia which means that they:

a. neglect emotion terms when they are reading a text.

b. are more likely to recall emotionally valenced nouns (e.g., storm) in a memory recall task than neutral nouns (e.g., weather).

c. have problems putting into words how they feel.

d. tend to over-emphasize emotions and under-emphasize thoughts in their daily lives.

Source: Page 158

19. Emotions or moods that occur without any relation to external events are said to be:

a. ur-emotions.

b. free-floating.

c. basic emotions.

d. differentiated arousal.

Source: Page 162

20. The constructivist approach posits that:

1. the language we use to talk about emotions falls into discrete categories
2. the language we use to talk about emotions does not fall into discrete categories
3. our experience of emotion is based on our individuality, gender, culture, and upbringing
4. b & c

Source: Page 162

21. Core affect (Russell, 2003) is based on the following appraisal dimensions:

a. feeling good or bad

b. feeling enervated or excited

c. feeling threatened or rewarded

d. a & b

Source: Page 163