Brain Mechanisms And Emotion Test Bank Docx Chapter.7 - Test Bank + Answers | Understanding Emotions 4e by Keith Oatley, Dacher Keltner, Jennifer M. Jenkins. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 7:
Brain Mechanisms and Emotion
1. Important biological functions like eating, sexual behavior, aggression, and bodily temperature are controlled by which one of the following brain regions?
a. medulla
b. hippocampus
c. thalamus
d. hypothalamus
Source: Page 172.
2. The phenomenon called “sham rage” was documented by Cannon who observed that:
a. monkeys deprived of their amygdala become so frustrated when faced with new tasks that they are unable to solve simple problems.
b. cats deprived of their cerebral cortex are liable to make sudden, inappropriate, and ill-directed attacks.
c. humans with damage to their ventral striatum tend to behave in an antisocial and often aggressive manner, despite lack of provocation.
d. preschoolers with underdeveloped amygdalas tend to throw prolonged temper tantrums.
Source: Page 174.
3. MacLean (1990, 1993) proposed that the human forebrain includes three distinct systems, each of which developed in a distinct phase of vertebrate evolution. According to MacLean, the striatal region is:
a. the earliest and most basic part of the forebrain.
b. comprised of the caudate, putamen, and striatum nuclei.
c. the system that coordinates marking and patrolling of territory as well as forming social groups.
d. all of the above.
Source: Page 174.
4. MacLean (1990, 1993) proposed that the human forebrain includes three distinct systems, each of which developed in a distinct phase of vertebrate evolution. According to MacLean, the limbic system is:
a. the system that coordinates social greeting and grooming.
b. what allows maternal caregiving with infant attachment, vocal signaling, and play, all of which are activities that occur in mammals but not in reptiles.
c. the stream of thinking.
d. all of the above.
Source: Page 174.
5. Joseph LeDoux (1993, 1996) proposed that it is the amygdala, rather than the limbic system as a whole, that is the emotional computer for the brain. LeDoux’s thesis derives from evidence including that the amygdala:
a. receives visual and auditory inputs directly from the thalamus.
b. has rich interconnections with the hippocampus.
c. if damaged, is associated with greater potential for an animal to learn via emotional conditioning.
d. shows decreased activation in individuals with depression.
Source: Page 178.
6. Cunningham and colleagues (2004) asked participants to make judgments about the valence and emotional intensity of positively and negatively valenced concepts such as murder, love, gun control, and abortion while fMRI technologies captured activation in different areas of the brain. The key conclusion drawn by Cunningham et al. was that the amygdala is:
a. central to appraisals of fear.
b. central to appraisals of valence (goodness or badness) of stimuli in one’s environment.
c. responsive to the emotional intensity or salience of the stimulus.
d. responsive to the social aspects of one’s environment.
Source: Page 180.
7. According to Kent Berridge, the nucleus accumbens and dopamine are central to:
a. the experience of pleasure.
b. liking the taste of sucrose.
c. wanting; and approach-related, goal-oriented behaviors.
d. all of the above.
Source: Page 181
8. The opiates are central to:
a. the experience of pleasure and liking of stimuli.
b. wanting; they motivate the approach to rewards.
c. one’s thoughts about being in love with another person.
d. both b & c.
Source: Page 181.
9. Distal affiliative cues like smiles and gestures serve as incentive stimuli; they motivate approach-related tendencies served by the release of:
a. dopamine
b. serotonin
c. adrenaline
d. opiates
Source: Page 182.
10. Affiliative behaviors like touch and soothing vocalizations elicit the release of _________; which in turn bring about the powerful feelings of warmth, calmness, and intimacy:
a. naltrexone
b. opiates
c. dopamine
d. all of the above.
Source: Page 182.
11. The periaqueductal gray appears to be involved in which one of the following processes related to emotion?
a. It attenuates the pain response.
b. It is activated by signs of distress and negative emotion.
c. It engages caregiving tendencies.
d. All of the above.
Source: Pages 182.
12. The ____________ region of the prefrontal cortex is centrally involved in the representation of goals, approach- and withdrawal-related tendencies, and is thought to represent anticipated rewards and punishment in consciousness.
a. limbic
b. orbitofrontal
c. dorsolateral prefrontal
d. medial prefrontal
Source: Page 184-185.
13. The _________ portions of the prefrontal cortex are centrally involved in self-representation, empathy, and experiences of reward, receiving input from the nucleus accumbens.
a. limbic
b. orbitofrontal
c. dorsolateral prefrontal
d. medial prefrontal
Source: Page 188-189.
14. Eisenberger and her colleagues have proposed a social rejection thesis that implicates the dorsal region of the anterior cingulate in which of the following ways?
a. This region is particularly active in bullies who reject others.
b. In mammalian species, ablating this region leads to an increase in social distress calls and social anxiety.
c. This region helps humans detect and respond to cues of rejection, separation, and exclusion.
d. Extroverts who have many friends experience greater activation in this region than introverts with more limited social networks.
Source: Page 191.
15. According to Panksepp, which system underlies euphoria, excitement, and enthusiasm.
a. Seeking
b. Communication
c. Lust
d. Play
Source: Page 176 Table 7.1.
16. Neurotransmitters are:
a. neurochemicals that are released into the synapses of neurons and which diffuse in milliseconds across synaptic gaps to activate or inhibit the receiving neuron or muscle fiber.
b. substances that are carried in the blood to affect organs that are sensitive to them.
c. diverse in size, including small molecules like adrenaline and larger molecules like peptides.
d. neuro-modulators that are released by some neurons and that diffuse some distance to affect many thousands of nearby neurons.
Source: 171.
17. Affective neuroscience:
- examines how the elicitation of emotion produces activation in unsystematic ways in certain brain regions.
- typically utilizes fMRI methodologies.
- involves the study of brain activation while people experience emotions.
- both b and c
Source: 177
18. Generally, Bastin et al., 2016 found that ________, _________, and __________ were associated with _____________.
a. love, anger, and sadness; different patterns of brain activation
b. shame, embarrassment, and guilt; different patterns of brain activation
c. love, anger, and sadness; similar patterns of brain activation
d. shame, embarrassment, and guilt; similar patterns of brain activation
Source: 193
19. Which network is found to be activated when people engage in self-directed, goal-centered activity, in activities that involve autobiographical memory, in thoughts about the self in relation to other people, in imagination of novel scenes or narratives, and in thinking about moral dilemmas or personal futures?
- default mode network
- active mode network
- self-control network
- self-regulation network
Source: 194
20. Satpute et al., 2016, suggest that reporting on emotional experiences with words involves two distinct processes. What are they?
- Listening to the state and acting on it
- Learning the state and discussing it
- Attending to the state and categorizing it
- Labeling the state and reacting to it
Source: 186
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Test Bank + Answers | Understanding Emotions 4e
By Keith Oatley, Dacher Keltner, Jennifer M. Jenkins